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Can an ape help a child learn vocabulary?
Mirella WyraFlinders University
April 2008
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VOCABULARY
Vocabulary learning and teaching The keyword method = mnemonic
method – two-stage process (keyword, interaction)– the standard keyword method (Atkinson,
1975)
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Example:stage 1- keyword
target word apio meaning celery keyword ape
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Examplestage 2 – interaction/picturestandard
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Examplestage 2 – interaction/picture3 conditions
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The Keyword Method Example:
stage 1- keywordtarget word apiomeaning celerykeyword ape
--------------------------------------------------------- stage 2 – interactive picture
(3 conditions)
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Quality of mental imagery,
Vivid vs not vivid images
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Retrieval modelRetrieval -- encoding; context; inferences;
organisationRetrieval and imageScanning/ inspection recognition selection/elimination interpretation
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DE
FIN
ITIO
N
IMAGE OF
DEFINITION
IMAGE OF
INTERACTION
IMAGE OF KW
KW
1F 2F 3F 4F 5F
5B 4B3B 2B
1B
FORWARD PATH1F – scanning FW for KW, generating and/or searching, selecting 2F – searching for pictorial image/s of KW3F – searching for interaction (as per encoding and retrieval training conditions), generating and/or searching, selecting 4F – selecting the pictorial image of definition from the (as per encoding and retrieval training conditions)5F – interpretation of image to recall the definition
BACKWARD PATH1B – searching for pictorial image of definition, generating and/or searching, selecting2B – searching for image of interaction (as per encoding and retrieval training conditions)3B – inspecting and selecting the pictorial image of kw (as per encoding and retrieval training conditions)4B – interpretation of the image of kw to recall the image of the spelling of KW5B – searching for or generating, selecting the foreign word
FO
RE
IGN
WO
RD
APIOCELERY
APE
RETRIEVAL MODEL
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Immediate
recall
Recall
Time 2 (3)
Recall Time 3
(7)
Recall
Time 4 (10)
Control 7.8 5.3 5.7 5.3
Keyword 16.6 12.2 13.0 13.5
Lawson & Hogben (1996) study
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Test 5
M SD
Forward Recall
Standard group5.54 3.43
Retrieval group7.92 3.64
Backward Recall
Standard group2.11 2.03
Retrieval group4.39 2.43
Wyra, Lawson & Hungi (2007)
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Implementation into L2 classroom
Implementation is easy: Introduce the 2 steps for encoding Practice on 4-6 words Introduce FWD retrieval practice - on these words discuss 3
conditions and why they are helpful Introduce BWD retrieval practice - on these words discuss 3
conditions and why they are helpful
Types of activities: This strategy can be used by individual students Whole class, group
activity.
Students engaged in the following:Imaging; selecting; eliminating; analysing; interpreting;
judging/evaluating; monitoring; making associations etc.
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1.Find a keyword (concrete meaning noun is best)2.Make an interactive picture with the meaning and the keyword (two images only, funny/unusual, meaning bigger than keyword)*Don’t forget to look at the Spanish/Japanese word – this is the word that needs to be remembered.
ashi - あし foot kaeru - かえる
frog neko - ねこ cat hon - ほん book buta - ぶた pig
pájaro – birdtimbre – bell pandilla - a gang cinturón – belt bombero – fireman
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QUESTIONS
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