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CEE 498NConstruction Engineering

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Outline

• What is construction engineering?• Contemporary construction projects• Construction engineer careers

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Construction Engineering

• Most everything is constructed• No assembly instructions• Work with people• Work with all CEE disciplines• Construction is a business

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What is Construction Engineering?

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Some Assembly Required

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Some Assembly Required

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Some Assembly Required

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Some Assembly Required

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What is Construction Engineering?

Pictures from www.wilsonbridge.com

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Safeco Field (1999)

Photos from the Seattle PI

Picture from Integral GIS, Inc.

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Selah Creek Bridge, I-82 near Yakimaca. 2005

1,377 ft long325 ft above canyon floor

http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7268

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`Selah Creek Bridge, I-82 near Yakima

ca. 1970

Photo from Kiewit Co.

New Bay BridgeOakland, CA

pictures from newbaybridge.org

photo from Kiewit Co.

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Bellevue Tower Crane

photos from the Seattle Times

16 November 2006: Tower crane falls in Bellevue and kills 1

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Husky StadiumPicture from Widows Live Local

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Husky Stadium5 February 1987: North end upper deck collapses during construction

photos by John Stamets, UW photo from Seattle Odyssey

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Lacy V. Murrow Floating Bridge

• Built: 1940• Sank: 1990• Rebuilt: 1993

Seattle side Mercer Island side

Picture from Widows Live Local

25Photo from WSDOT

8 midsection pontoons sink during construction in 1990

Estimated loss: $69 million

Lacy V. Murrow Floating Bridge

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Construction is a BusinessFrom 2006 Engineering News-Record Top 400 Contractors

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Construction Industry Snapshot

• Large industry– 9 million jobs– $900 billion (2003)– 8% of GDP

• Room for improvement– 40% of raw materials– 15 – 20% of waste stream

• Fragmented– Mostly smaller companies– Most < 50 people

Source: ASTM Standardization News (April 2004) and Worldwatch Institute Paper No. 124 (1995)

66.7

17.7

9.1

4.51.8

0.2

17.014.1 15.2

16.8

22.2

14.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 to 249 250+

Establishment Size

Per

cen

t

Establishments

Employees

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Construction Industry

Data from U.S. Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/const/www/c30index.html)

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5

41

9

42

8

47

7

50

3

55

2

60

0 65

0

66

2

66

0

70

3 80

4 89

9

11

6 12

0

13

0 13

9 15

1 15

4 17

0 18

6

20

6

21

7 22

4

23

0

24

5

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Co

nst

ruc

tio

n P

ut-

in-P

lace

(b

illi

on

s o

f d

oll

ars

)

PublicPrivate $1.14 trillion in 2005

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Construction Industry 2005

$13 billion

$48 billion

$74 billion

$37 billion

$79 billion

$8 billion

$10 billion

$19 billion

$27 billion

$13 billion

$37 billion

$66 billion

$16 billion

$11 billion

$5 billion

$31 billion

$0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400

Lodging

Office

Commercial

Health care

Educational

Religious

Public safety

Amusement and recreation

Transportation

Communication

Power

Highway and street

Sewage and waste disposal

Water supply

Conservation and development

Manufacturing

Residential

Construction Put-in-Place (billions of dollars)

$651 billion

Data from U.S. Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/const/www/c30index.html)

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Career Paths

AssistantSuperintendent

AssistantProject Manager

Superintendent

Project Manager

SeniorSuperintendent

SeniorProject Manager

ConstructionExecutive

VP/Owner

Field/EngineeringAssistant

Inspector/Scheduler/Estimator

Project Engineer

from ASCE (http://www.asce.org/pdf/careerpathfinal.pdf)

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Typical Traits/Skills

• Communication• Leadership• Creativity• Practical• Problem solving• Work with people• Attention to detail

• Basic computer skills• Read/make plans• Engineering license• Scheduling• Design• Surveying

Traits Skills

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Entry Level Tasks

Planning

Estimating

Scheduling

Cost control

Material/equipment management

Surveying

Quantity tracking

Temporary structure design

Field operations supervision

Subcontractor coordination

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Echelon Place, Las Vegas, NV$4 billionLas Vegas resort in place of theCurrent Stardust locationBoyd Gaming Corp.http://www.echelonresort.com

Project CityCenter, Las Vegas, NV$7 billion66 acre mixed use2,800 condo units4,800 hotel rooms470,000 ft2 retail spacehttp://www.projectcitycenter.com

Hanford Cleanup, WA$12 billionWorld’s largest environmental cleanup53 million gallons of waste9 tons of plutoniumGroundwater contaminationhttp://www.hanford.gov

City Water Tunnel No. 3, NY$6 billion

60 miles of water tunnel50-yr construction time

http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/news/3rdtunnel.html

Southeast Corridor (T-REX) in Denver$1.75 billion17 miles of highway improvement19 miles of light railhttp://www.trexproject.com

Miami Intermodal Center$1.9 billionMultimodal transportation facilityhttp://www.micdot.com

Big Dig (Boston)$14.6 billion

Underground existing viaducts2 underwater tunnel routes

New/upgraded highway interchangeshttp://www.masspike.com/bigdig

Central Texas Turnpike$3.6 billion3 new highways around Austin areaNew/upgraded highway interchangeshttp://www.texastollways.com/tta

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Woodrow Wilson Bridge (Potomac)$2.5 billion

New bridge across PotomacNew/upgraded highway interchanges

http://www.wilsonbridge.com

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Benicia-Martinez Bridge$1 billionNew bridge in Vallejo areahttp://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/tollbridge/Ben-Mar/Ben-Mar.html

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San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge$6.3 billionNew bridge from Oakland to Y.B. Islandhttp://www.newbaybridge.org

Dubai waterfront$15 billionMan-made islands, shorelinehttp://www.nakheel.ae

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (Pearl Bridge)$3.6 billion10 years to construct¥ 2,600 ($22) each way for cars25,000 vehicles/day

Great Belt (Storebǽlt - Denmark)$3.5 billion (1988 value)

28 Euros ($34) each way for cars132 Euros ($159) each way for lorries

Picture from B. Kattanppuram Blog

Picture from Mount Holyoke College

Millau Viaduct$523 million to construct39 month constructionTolls

•$6.50 toll one way in winter•$8.62 toll one way in summer

Picture from arzan blog

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Chek Lap Kok Airport (Hong Kong)$20 billion

Completed 1998

Picture from Balfour Beatty Rail

SeaTac 3rd Runway$1.2 billionCompletion by 2008 or 2009

Picture from Widows Live Local

Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland)$6 billion20 year construction (1/2 way now)

Photo from ETH Life International

Photo from Biz/ed

Channel Tunnel$21 billionCompleted 1994

Panama Canal Expansion$5.25 billion8 year construction (begin 2007)

Map from ACP

Thai Canal (Thailand)$20-25 billion projectedMay or may not happen

Photo from Google Earth

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Hibernia (Grand Banks)$5 billion

1.3 million tons

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Hibernia

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Project: New Tacoma Narrows BridgeLocation: Tacoma, WACost: $900 million

84 Thursday, 22 September 2004 Tuesday, 6 December 2005

Tacoma Narrows Bridge

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Tuesday, 1 August 2006

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Project: Link Light RailLocation: Seattle, WACost: $2.7 billion

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Project: Hood Canal BridgeLocation: Tacoma, WACost: $471 million

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Transportation Infrastructure Construction

Puget Sound Area Project Potential Cost

Everett HOV lanes $0.3 billion

Hood Canal Bridge east half replacement

$0.5 billion

Tacoma Narrows Bridge $0.9 billion

Sea-Tac 3rd runway $1.2 billion

SR 520 Bridge replacement $3.9 billion

Sound Transit Link Light Rail $2.7 billion

I-405 corridor improvements $3.2 billion

Alaska Way Viaduct $4.6 billion

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Transportation Infrastructure Construction

Project Potential Cost

I-90 Spokane to Idaho state line $0.2 billion

SR 16 Nalley Valley viaduct $0.2 billion

SR 704 cross-base highway (I-5 to SR 7)

$0.3 billion

Ferries (8 terminals) $0.8 billion

I-5/SR 509 freight & congestion relief $1.0 billion

I-90 Snoqualmie Pass east $1.0 billion

SR 167 Tacoma to Edgewood extension

$2.2 billion

I-5 pavement reconstruction $??? billion

I-5 Columbia River crossing $??? billion

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Current Research

• Construction and transportation– PCC pavement best practices– Rapid pavement construction– Dowel bar retrofit analysis– Warm mix asphalt– Green roads– Airfield pavement construction best practices

• Engineering learning and training– Self-directed learning– Organizational training– Pavement Guides– Virtual Superpave Laboratory– Pavement Tools Consortium

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Concrete PavementConcrete PavementDesign and Construction

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Legend = Uncomfortably & expensively rough = Still considered acceptable

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Current Research

• WSDOT 2005 – 2007– Rapid Construction

Rapid PavementConstruction

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Dowel Bar Retrofits

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Dowel Bar Retrofits

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Airfield Pavement Construction Best Practices

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Green Roads

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Green Roads

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Green Roads

Warm Mix AsphaltTypical Hot Mix Asphalt

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