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1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Page 1: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

1

Page 2: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

Change and development of Japan

2

Content Focus

Page 3: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

3

Meiji Period

[1868-1912]

Taisho Period

[ 1912-1926]

Showa Period

[1926-1989 ]

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Early 20th CenturyEarly 20th Century

Page 4: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

• Political conditions

• Social conditions

• Economic conditions

• Cultural conditions

4

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Page 5: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

5

Meiji ConstitutionRise of political parties, e.g. Seiyukai (政友會 ) & Minseito (民政黨 )Rise of ultra-nationalist activitiesHow democratic?

Political ConditionsPolitical Conditions

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

1. Democratic Development1. Democratic Development

Page 6: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

2. Foreign Relations2. Foreign Relations

6

1900-01: Eight-Power Expedition1902: Anglo-Japanese Alliance1904-05: Russo-Japanese War1914-18: WWI1921-22: Washington Conference1924-27 & 29-31: Shidehara Diplomacy1931: Shenyang Incident

1900-01: Eight-Power Expedition1902: Anglo-Japanese Alliance1904-05: Russo-Japanese War1914-18: WWI1921-22: Washington Conference1924-27 & 29-31: Shidehara Diplomacy1931: Shenyang Incident

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Relations:

• friendly? peaceful? hostile?

• change and continuity

Relations:

• friendly? peaceful? hostile?

• change and continuity

Page 7: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

1. Westernized? Traditional?1. Westernized? Traditional?

7

Westernized:

• Social equality

• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,

Traditional:

•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi

•Religious ceremonies

•Kimono

Westernized:

• Social equality

• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,

Traditional:

•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi

•Religious ceremonies

•Kimono

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Social Conditions

Page 8: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

1. Westernized? Traditional?1. Westernized? Traditional?

8

Westernized:

• Social equality

• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,

Traditional:

•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi

•Religious ceremonies

•Kimono (和服 )

Westernized:

• Social equality

• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,

Traditional:

•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi

•Religious ceremonies

•Kimono (和服 )

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Social Conditions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw8yI2giR14http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw8yI2giR14

Page 9: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

2. Prosperity? Poverty?2. Prosperity? Poverty?

9

Urbanization

Widening gap between the urban and rural areas

Urbanization

Widening gap between the urban and rural areas

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Page 10: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

3. High degree of freedom?

10

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Page 11: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Basic human rights under the Meiji Constitution

Many labour organizations & movements

1920: New Women’s Association

Extent of the freedom?

Basic human rights under the Meiji Constitution

Many labour organizations & movements

1920: New Women’s Association

Extent of the freedom?

The women's

class of the Iwate

Teachers' School.,

1914

Page 12: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

1. Economic prosperity? Rapid industrialization & strong influence of Zaibatsu

12

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

A Match Factory in Late Taisho

Economic ConditionsEconomic Conditions

Yasuda (安田 )

Mitsubishi (三菱 )

Mitsui (三井 ) Sumitomo (住友 )

Page 13: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

2. Economic Ups and Downs

Economic boom: Economic bust: • 1923: Great

Tokyo Earthquake

• 1927: Bank Crisis• 1929: Great

Depression

2. Economic Ups and Downs

Economic boom: Economic bust: • 1923: Great

Tokyo Earthquake

• 1927: Bank Crisis• 1929: Great

Depression

13

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Page 14: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

1. Western Culture? Traditional Culture?1. Western Culture? Traditional Culture?

14

-Western and Japanese movies, drama

-Shintoism (state religion), Confucianism, Ukiyo-e (浮世澮 )

-Western and Japanese movies, drama

-Shintoism (state religion), Confucianism, Ukiyo-e (浮世澮 )

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Cultural ConditionsCultural Conditions

Page 15: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

Characteristics: Pseudo-democracy Bi-polarisation Co-existence of westernization and tradition Race between freedom and power/authority Alternation of amity and hostility

15

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Page 16: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

Rise of MilitarismRise of Militarism

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Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Page 17: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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1. Militaristic Tradition1. Militaristic Tradition

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism

Page 18: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

2.Weaknesses of the Party Government2.Weaknesses of the Party Government

18

Corruption of the PartiesLack of Mass SupportEconomic Crises

Corruption of the PartiesLack of Mass SupportEconomic Crises

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism

Page 19: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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3. Rise of domestic needs

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

A Japanese poster promoting emigration to Korea and Manchuria in the 1930s

A Japanese poster promoting emigration to Korea and Manchuria in the 1930s

A Japanese poster recruiting youngsters to join the army to invade ManchuriaA Japanese poster recruiting youngsters to join the army to invade Manchuria

Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism

Page 20: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

4. Inglorious Foreign Policy 4. Inglorious Foreign Policy

20

Japan in Washington ConferenceJapan in Washington Conference

Japan in London Naval Conference of 1930Japan in London Naval Conference of 1930

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism

Page 21: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

5. Rise of Extreme Nationalistic Ideas

21

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

6. Western Discrimination

7. International Circumstances

Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism

Page 22: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

• Reasons for the Rise of Militarism• Reasons for the Rise of Militarism

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Militaristic TraditionWeaknesses of the Party GovernmentWestern discrimination against Japan

Inglorious Foreign Policy Growing domestic needs

Rise of Extreme Nationalistic IdeasInternational Situation

•Relations between conditions in the early period and the rise of militarism

•Relative importance?

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Page 23: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

Characteristics of militarism:• Emphasis on the use of force• Stress on absolute loyalty and obedience• Promotion of foreign expansion• Pan-Asianism• Anti-communism

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Page 24: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Impact on Japan’s Relations with other countries

Impact of the Rise of MilitarismImpact of the Rise of Militarism

Page 25: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Foreign Expansion

Just this one?

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Impact of the Rise of MilitarismImpact of the Rise of Militarism

Page 26: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Rise of extreme nationalistsMilitaristic associationsPolitical instabilityCollapse of the party government

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Impact on Japan’s domestic development

Impact of the Rise of MilitarismImpact of the Rise of Militarism

Page 27: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Political Control of the militaristsSuppressive livelihood

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

Impact on Japan’s domestic development

Page 28: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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1. Economic Reconstruction (1945 – 1952)2. Economic Boom (1955 – 70)3. Period of Transformation(1971 - 79)4. Economic Slowdown(1980 onwards)

1. Economic Reconstruction (1945 – 1952)2. Economic Boom (1955 – 70)3. Period of Transformation(1971 - 79)4. Economic Slowdown(1980 onwards)

Factors for Postwar Economic Growth

Stages of the Postwar Economic Growth Stages of the Postwar Economic Growth

Page 29: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Factors for Postwar Economic Growth

Hiroshima after WWIIHiroshima after WWIINagasaki after WWIINagasaki after WWII

Postwar Economic Situation

Page 30: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Postwar Economic Situation

Factors for Postwar Economic Growth

百年物語 disk2百年物語 disk2

Page 31: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

• Reasons for each period???

• Common Factors???

• Reasons for each period???

• Common Factors???

31

Factors for Postwar Economic Growth

Page 32: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

• Common Factors • Common Factors

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Role of the US: SCAP & Post-SCAP Policies Active Role of the Japanese Government National Characters of the JapaneseFavourable International Circumstances

Importance? Relative Importance?Importance? Relative Importance?

Factors for Postwar Economic Growth

Page 33: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Factors for Postwar Economic Growth

Economic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recovery

Open-air shopping street in 1945 Open-air shopping street in 1945

Page 34: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

Economic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recovery

34

Factors for Postwar Economic Growth

Jusco in the 1970s.Jusco in the 1970s.

A shopping street in 1955A shopping street in 1955

Page 35: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

• Political Relations

• Economic Relations

• Cultural Relations

35

Relations with Other Asian Countries

Page 36: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Relations with Other Asian Countries

Page 37: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

• Chronological approach• Chronological approach

37

1950s1960s1970s1980s and after

1950s1960s1970s1980s and after

•Problem: confined to political and economic aspects •Problem: confined to political and economic aspects

Relations with Other Asian Countries

Page 38: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

Thematic approach

Thematic approach

38

Political: improving relations with Asian countries

Political: improving relations with Asian countries

•Change and continuity?? Change and continuity??

•Relations with Other Asian Countries

Obstacles:• Denials of Aggression• Official visits to Yasukuni Shrine• Denials to Asian people's Quest for War

Compensation• Territorial Disputes with China

Obstacles:• Denials of Aggression• Official visits to Yasukuni Shrine• Denials to Asian people's Quest for War

Compensation• Territorial Disputes with China

Page 39: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Economic: From limited economic contact to strengthening economic relations with Asian countries

Relations with Other Asian Countries

Thematic approach

Thematic approach

•Change and continuity?? Change and continuity??

Page 40: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Cultural: increasing cultural influences of Japan in Asian countries

Relations with Other Asian Countries

Thematic approach

Thematic approach

•Change and continuity?? Change and continuity??

Page 41: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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Change and development of Japan: Highlights

Page 42: 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

• What are the characteristics of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the early 20th century Japan?

• What economic problems did Japan face? What attempts did the government make to solve them?

• Was Japan a liberal country in the early 20th century?

• What are the characteristics of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the early 20th century Japan?

• What economic problems did Japan face? What attempts did the government make to solve them?

• Was Japan a liberal country in the early 20th century?

42

Change and development of Japan: Highlights


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