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Chapter Nine

Developing Teamwork

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Learning Objectives

Understand the leader’s role in a team-based organization.

Describe leader actions that foster teamwork.

Explain the potential contribution of outdoor training to the development of team leadership.

Describe how the leader-member exchange model contributes to an understanding of leadership.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Teams, Teamwork, and Groups

A team is a work group that must rely on collaboration if each member is to experience the optimum success and achievement

Teamwork is done with an understanding and commitment to group goals on the part of all team members

All teams are groups, but not all groups are teams

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Roles of a Leader in the Team-Based Organization

Building trust and inspiring teamwork

Coaching team members and group members toward higher levels of performance

Facilitating and supporting team’s decisions

Expanding the team’s capabilities Creating a team identity

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Roles of the Leader in the Team-Based Organization (cont’d)

Anticipating and influencing change Inspiring the team toward higher

levels of performance Enabling and empowering group

members to accomplish their work Encouraging team members to

eliminate low-value work

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11 Leader Actions That Foster Teamwork (using own resources)

1. Defining the team’s mission2. Establishing a climate of trust3. Developing a norm of teamwork,

including emotional intelligence4. Emphasizing pride in being

outstanding5. Serving as a model of teamwork,6.

including power sharing6. Using a consensus leadership style

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11 Leader Actions That Foster Teamwork (cont’d)

7. Establishing urgency, demanding performance standards, and providing direction

8. Encouraging competition with another group

9. Encouraging the use of jargon10.Minimizing micromanaging11. Practicing e-leadership

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6 Leader Actions RequiringOrg. Structure or Policy

1. Designing physical structures that facilitate communication

2. Emphasizing group recognition and rewards

3. Initiating ritual and ceremony4. Practicing open-book management5. Selecting team-oriented members6. Using technology that facilitates

teamwork

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In open-book management every employee is trained, empowered, and motivated to understand and pursue the company’s business goals.

Employees become business partners and perceive themselves to be members of the same team.

Open-Book Management

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… a belief in cooperation and collaboration rather than competitiveness as a strategy for building teamwork.

Cooperation Theory

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Outdoor Training andTeam Development

Outdoor training is a form of learning by doing

Participants acquire leadership and teamwork skills by confronting physical challenges and exceeding self-imposed limitations

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Outdoor and Outside Training (cont’d)

Outward Bound is a well-known and popular organization that uses the wilderness as the classroom: Kayaking, canoeing, sailing Mountaineering, hiking, backpacking Dog-sledding, horseback riding, cycling

Other programs are appearing: circus camp, gourmet cooking, paintball, scavenger hunts, charity work

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Evaluation of Outdoor Training

Pros include the perception that trust, cooperation, communication, self-confidence, and teamwork improve with outdoor training

Cons include the perception that team members revert to old behaviors over time, team members come and go, thereby diluting the experience for their group, and team members are sometimes exposed to harm or injury

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The Leader-Member ExchangeModel (LMX)

Proposes that leaders develop unique work relationships with group members

Two subsets of employees result: The in-group is given additional rewards,

responsibility, and trust in exchange for their loyalty and performance

The out-group members are treated in accordance with a more formal understanding of leader-member relations

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Figure 9-1 The Leader-Member Exchange Model

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Summary

Teamwork is an understanding of and commitment to group goals on the part of all group members

Leaders must occupy many roles and employ many strategies (actions) to be an effective team builder

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Summary (cont’d)

How leaders can improve teamwork include 1) actions using leaders’ own resources and 2) actions that rely on organizational structure or policy

Outdoor training is a popular experiential approach to enhance teamwork; however, opinions about its effectiveness are mixed

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Summary (cont’d)

According to the leader-member exchange model, leaders develop unique relationships with group members that result in an in-group and an out-group

The leader’s first impression of a group member’s competency plays an important role in placing that person into the in-group or the out-group