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1
Chapter Overview
The Right Tools for the Job Planning and Performing Regular
Maintenance Maintaining the Windows System
Environment
2
Assembling a Complete Toolkit
Good preparation can save hours of guessing and frustration.
A complete toolkit includes the following: Hardware toolkit Software toolkit Spare parts Technical library
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Hardware Toolkit Screwdrivers Torx driver Nut driver Tweezers Needlenose
pliers Chip removers Tube or plastic
bag Compressed
air
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) tools
Multimeter Flashlight Hemostats Power-on self test
(POST) card Laptop computer and
phone cord Blank floppy disks
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Software Toolkit
Bootable floppy disk with essential files Additional files on disk as needed Operating system disks Software utilities
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Spare Parts
Power supply 1.44-MB floppy disk drive Display card Cables Goodie bag
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Technical Library
Documentation and manuals Notes and research from previous jobs
and technical training Other resources, such as Microsoft
TechNet
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Outside Resources Attend seminars and get further technical
training. Network with colleagues, using e-mail
and newsgroups. Search the World Wide Web. Locate private Internet forums specific to
your interests. Practice to keep your skills sharp. Read technical books, magazines, and
e-zines.
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Technical Support
Telephone Generally for novice and home users More effective if you have the problem
computer in front of you when you call Usually provided free for a limited time only
Online Web sites Online forums Troubleshooting wizards
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Working Safely
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Power and Safety
Power is the primary safety hazard in servicing computers.
ESD can destroy sensitive equipment. A properly grounded computer prevents
transmission of electromagnetic interference (EMI).
High voltages often exist in power supplies and monitors.
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Guidelines when Working with Computer Equipment Avoid wearing
jewelry. Do not use liquids
around electrical equipment.
Do not use 3 prong-to-2 prong power plug adapters.
Replace worn or damaged power cords immediately.
Do not rest anything on a power cord.
Avoid using extension cords.
Keep electrical covers intact.
Keep air vents clear. Do not remove
covers from high-voltage items unless absolutely necessary.
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Fire If a fire is not extinguished within 30
seconds, exit the building and then call for help.
Know the emergency procedures at your workplace.
Know the nearest fire exits and the location of fire extinguishers.
Know how to use the right fire extinguishers for each type of fire.
Avoid overloading electrical outlets.
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Environmental Issues
Batteries Toner and cartridge kits Circuit boards Chemical solvents Monitors (cathode-ray tubes, or CRTs)
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Developing Maintenance Plans and Procedures
Develop and document logical plans and procedures for every class of computer and operating system in your organization.
Develop a regular maintenance plan. Automate tasks where possible. Keep proper records.
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Cleaning
A computer-friendly environment is basically dust-free, smoke-free, well-ventilated, and temperature- and humidity-controlled.
Clean non–computer-friendly areas more frequently.
Try to improve non–computer-friendly environments.
Assemble a basic cleaning kit.
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Monitors Periodically clean and dust monitors. Use simple cleaning solutions such as one drop of
dishwashing liquid in one quart of water. Do not use sprays, solvents, or commercial
cleansers. Use a screen saver or power-conservation
features. Do not work inside a monitor cabinet unless
specifically trained. Do not change settings or operate the monitor
with the cover removed.
17
Hard Disk Drives
Avoid rough handling. Do not move the hard disk drive while
platters are spinning. Do not expose hard disk drive internals
to open air and dust. Perform regular data backups and disk
maintenance tasks.
18
Floppy Disk Drives
Guard against environmental and mechanical damage.
Replace rather than fix floppy disk drives. Do not expose disks to magnets. Do not touch the surface of a floppy disk. Avoid smoking near a computer. Clean read/write heads with special head-
cleaning disks and solutions.
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Keyboards and Pointing Devices Keep keyboards and pointing devices
clean to prolong their life. Avoid drinks around keyboards. Use a handheld vacuum to clean dust
from keyboard crevices. Avoid spray cleaners. Remove the ball of a mouse or trackball
and clean the rollers. Avoid touching the end of a light pen.
20
Dot-Matrix Printers
Adjust print-head spacing and tension on the print-head positioning belt.
Clean the print head, roller surfaces, platen, and gear train of the paper-handling motor.
Lubricate gears with light oil on a foam swab and turn the platen to distribute oil.
Lubricate rails with light oil and move the carriage assembly to distribute oil.
21
Ink-Jet Printers Adjust the print-head spacing and tension
on the print-head positioning belt. Clean the printer and its mechanisms,
roller surfaces, the platen, the ink-jet print head, and the gear train of the paper-handling motor.
Lubricate gears with light oil on a foam swab and turn the platen to distribute oil.
Lubricate rails with light oil and move the carriage assembly to distribute oil.
22
Laser Printers Vacuum to remove dust and toner buildup from
the interior. Clean rollers with a damp cloth and clean the
gear train with a foam swab. Lubricate gears with light oil and distribute oil
through the gear train. Clean the writing mechanism thoroughly with
compressed air. Wipe the laser lens with lint-free wipes to
remove fingerprints and stains. Clean the corona wires with a foam swab dipped
in alcohol.
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Preventive Maintenance Schedule
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Preventive Maintenance Schedule (Cont.)
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Types of Viruses
File infectors Boot sector viruses Trojan horses Macro viruses Polymorphic viruses
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Guidelines for Antivirus Programs Get the right version for the operating
system. Consider enabling the basic input/output
system (BIOS) setting that disables boot-sector writes.
Use caution with unknown floppy disks and computers.
When connected to the Internet, run an antivirus program at all times.
When loading programs, trust no one. Keep the antivirus program updated.
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Disk Cleanup
28
Using Scandisk for Drive Integrity
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Organizing Files with Disk Defragmenter
30
File Backups Data loss is inevitable because drives
fail and critical files become corrupt. Developing a good backup plan is one
of your most valuable services. Automating backups wherever possible
ensures that they happen. Microsoft Windows ships with a built-in
backup program. You can back up to tape, another hard
disk drive, or removable media.
31
Backup Types
32
Backup Plan Issues
Select hardware based on the amount of data and frequency of backup.
Use different backup types to balance backup and restore times.
Use normal backup at regular intervals, with incremental or differential backups between normal backups.
33
Backup Plan Gotchas Store backup copies in a safe,
environmentally sound location. Make sure copies are secure. Keep long-term backups as protection
against virus attacks. Make sure that critical files are not open
at backup time. Make sure that new backup components
work with old backup copies.
34
Using Windows Backup Tools
35
Backing Up Registry and Core System Files
In Microsoft Windows 2000 and Microsoft Windows NT, select the System State option. This option requires proper permissions. System state data can only be backed up
locally. In Microsoft Windows 98 and Microsoft
Windows Me, use the Registry Checker command-line application.
36
The Windows System File Checker
Tracks changes to all system files and ensures that any replacement files are valid
Notifies the system administrator when improper file replacement is attempted
Verifies the integrity of system files Extracts and replaces corrupt or missing
files
37
Creating ERDs and Startup Disks All Windows 98 installations should have
a startup floppy disk. The same startup floppy disk can be used
on multiple computers. A startup disk can be created using
Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel. All Microsoft Windows 2000 installations
should have an ERD. An ERD can be used only on the computer it
was created for. An ERD can be created using the Windows
2000 backup utility.
38
Chapter Summary
Assemble a complete toolkit. Advance your skills. Practice preventive maintenance. Develop a backup plan. Protect against viruses. Regularly test, repair, and defragment
the hard disk drive and the file system.