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Chemometric in Civil EngineeringChemometric in Civil Engineering

Alfred Suleymanov

Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering

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The general structure of the UniversityThe general structure of the University

The University is subdivided in:

1. Institute of Architecture and Design

     Faculty of General Architectural and Art Training

     Architecture Faculty

     Design Faculty

     Building Design Department

     Architectural School for Children DASHKA

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2 Institute of Transport

     Faculty of Transport Engineering

     Faculty Engineering Basics 

The general structure of the UniversityThe general structure of the University

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The general structure of the UniversityThe general structure of the University

3. Institute of Economy and Building Management

     Faculty of Economics

     Faculty of Part-time and Extended Studies

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The general structure of the UniversityThe general structure of the University

4. Centre for Humanities Sciences

5. Faculties

     Building Science Engineering

     Faculty of Engineering Systems and Ecology

     Faculty of Construction Technologies

     Engineering Faculty for Part-time Studies

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Specialties

- Architecture

- Building Engineering

- Restoration and Reconstruction of Architectonical Heritage

- Design of Architectonical Environment

- Interior Art 

- Industrial and Civil Engineering

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Specialties

- Economy and Business Management

- Expertise and Real Estate Management

- Heat Supply and Ventilation

- Water Supply and Water Removal

- Production of Constructional Material, Manufactures

and Construction

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Specialties

- Highway and Airdrome

- Transport Organization and Safety

- Bridges and Transport Tunnels

- Engineering Protection of Environment 

- Informational Systems and Technologies

- Professional Education (Engineering, Wiring and

Repair Technologies)

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Scientific directions

- Mechanics of deforming solids

- Building facilities, edifices and constructions

- Heat supply, ventilation, air conditioning, natural gas

supply and illumination

- Water supply, sewerage systems, building water-

preserving systems.

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Scientific directions

- Building materials and products

- Philosophy of science and technology

- Theory and history of architecture, restoration and

reconstruction of historical-architectural heritage

- Architecture of building and constructions. Creative

conceptions of architectural activity

- City and rural inhabited locality planning

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Chemometric techniques in civil engineering

• monitoring of historical buildings with non-intrusive

measurements (image analysis, acoustic and

ultrasonic probing )

• estimation of heterogeneity in concrete slabs,

identification of the substrate defects on painted

slates, etc. (novel methods of texture analysis);

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Chemometric techniques in civil engineering

• ecological analysis of pollution; (PCA, PLS and N-

way methods)

• analysis of aging and degradation of various materials (multivariate projection methods)

• quantitative structure – property relationship (QSPR)

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Pneumatic and awning constructions (textile architecture)

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Structure of Composite

1-textile reinforcing basis

2-film covering (matrix)

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Problems of prediction of polymer materials durability

• Degradation processes take place at various structural levels with manifestation of various relationships of cause and effect

• Nowadays there is no general theory of polymer aging and destruction

• Traditional kinetic approach fails in description of the

complicated aging phenomena including both

chemical and physical ways of degradation

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Problems of prediction …

• The situation is even more aggravated with multi-

dimensionality and multi-criteriality

Under such circumstances we are forced to apply

the soft models for prediction of polymer

materials durability !

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Choice and substantiation of aging parameters (data for construction of mathematical model)

• Developing the practical methods for durability prediction it is necessary to choose such characteristics that clearly represent the relationships between the structural changes and material quality

• Certainly, it would be nice to get these characteristics without complex methods of structural analysis

• Basically, it is impossible to single out a parameter that unequivocally represents both physical and chemical processes in polymeric materials at their aging

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Physic-mechanical properties are measured

and used for investigation

• Durability σ and elongation at break ε

• The initial module of elasticity Е

• Creep at ageing Δ

• Color ΔΕ

• Shine

• Transparency α

• Limiting wetting angle θ

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Colorimetric system CIE Lab

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The following aging conditions were simulated

• UV sun radiation

• Rain

• Temperature

• Tensile stress

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Climatic chambers for experimental researches

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Climatic chambers for experimental researches

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PVC films before and after ageing

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Mechanical properties

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

dura

bilit

y at

bre

ak, %

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

elon

gati

on a

t b

reak

,%

,

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

mo

du

le o

f el

asti

city

, %

m

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageig, hours

cree

p, %

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

mod

ule

of e

last

icity

, %

m

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Image properties

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

colo

r ∆

Е

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

shin

e, %

60

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

limit

ing

wet

tin

g an

gle,

%

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 200 400 600 800 1000

optic

al d

ensi

ty, %

time of ageing, hours hours

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 200 400 600 800 1000

optic

al d

ensi

ty, %

time of ageing, hours hours

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

elon

gatio

n at

bre

ak,%

,

Durability and Image correlations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

colo

r ∆ Е

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Orange pigment at aging

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Blue pigment at aging

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Blue pigment at aging

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PCA Loadings

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PCA Scores

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PLS Model

Aging conditions

Time Thickness Loading Intensity

X1

Optical properties

Color Shine Angle Opt. Density

X2

Mechanical properties

Tensile Modulus Elongation Creep

Ytraining

Ynew

Predictor matrix X Response matrix Y

PLS

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Tensile strength prediction

Calibration set Test set

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Elongation at break prediction

Calibration set Test set

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Green Color Prediction

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Regression coefficients Bw

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Conclusions

Multivariate approach enables us to analyze jointly the

material properties in the course of its aging

The presented approach substitutes the mechanical

testing by a rapid and non-destructive measurement of

such physical properties as color, shine and others

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

colo

r ∆

Е

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

elon

gati

on a

t b

reak

,%

,

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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

mod

ule

of e

last

icity

, %

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hoursco

lor

∆ Е

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0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

dura

bilit

y at

bre

ak, %

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hoursco

lor ∆

Е

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

colo

r ∆

Е

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hours

elon

gatio

n at

bre

ak,%

,

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageing, hoursco

lor ∆

Е

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000

time of ageig, hours

cree

p, %