1. Construction Safety

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Safety Module: Construction safety, rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety inConstruction


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Current Scenario

One out of every five persons employed inconstruction received injuries annually;

The frequency of accidents is 6 to 8 timeshigher during the first 6-8 months of

employment;

A majority of persons injured were unskilledworkers in the age group 20-30 years employedwith sub contractors

Working at height was the most hazardousoperation at construction sites.


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Why Do Accidents Occur ?

1. Actual physical hazards2. Environmental hazards

3. Human factors

4. Lack of / or poorly designed safety standards

5. Failure to communicate

In construction & erection activities


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Why Do Accidents Occur?

Reasons

The activity is only for a limited period

Worksite is frequently changed

Several sub-contractors are deployed to perform thework in nearby vicinity

Workers not familiar with the worksite hazards that arenot part of their normal job;

Contractors change the workforce frequently or workerschange job; they are not trained on new jobs.

Majority of contract workers are unskilled

Safety officer not employed

Unawareness of safety rules and regulations

Lack of safety training

In construction & erection activities


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Remedial Measures

Ensure use of PPEs by employees and contract

workers Fall arrestors, life line, safety net as and where

required are to be provided without fail

Training to all employees and contract workerson safety

Mock drills on fire and other hazards are to becarried out at regular internals

Employees participation in safety

Tool box talks and pep talks to all on regularbasis at work place.


7/26Safety Module: Construction safety, rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Major LegislationsRelating to Safety & Health of Construction Workers

1. Building and other construction workers(Regulation of employment and conditions ofservice) Act, 1996

2. Building and other construction workers(Regulation of employment and conditions ofservice) Central Rules, 1998



Major provisions under the building and otherconstruction workers (regulation of employment andconditions of service) Act, 1996 and the rules thereunder are: -

1. Registration of establishments and building workers2. Constitution of state welfare boards

3. Constitution of building and other Construction workerswelfare fund

4. Constitution of safety committee

5. Appointment of safety officers6. Responsibilities and duties of employers, architects,

project engineers and designers, building workers etc.




7. Provision of welfare facilities8. General provisions regarding safety, health and welfarefacilities

9. Construction, installation, maintenance and periodictesting and examination of certain construction

equipment such as lifting appliances and gears,transport and earth moving equipment, pressureequipment, scaffolds, power shovels and excavators,pressure equipment, etc.

10.Provision relating to general construction operations

such as concrete work, work on or adjacent to water,excavation and tunneling works, construction repairand maintenance of steep roof, structural frame andform work, stacking and unshackling, work incofferdams and caissons, handling of explosives, piling

Major LegislationsRelating To Safety & Health Of Construction Workers




11. Periodical medical examination of constructionworkers

12. Reporting of accidents, dangerous occurrences andoccupational diseases

13. Provision of medical facilities



AccidentPreventionMeasures inConstruction



1. All construction sites must have safety plan beforecarrying out construction works. The plan shouldinclude details of risk and arrangement for ensuringhealth and safety of everyone who may be affected

by the construction work and monitoringcompliance of statutory requirements.

Accident Prevention Measures in Construction

2.The construction owner or principle contractor needs

to qualify the contractors/ sub-contractors andconduct pre-construction conference to deal with thehazards. Planning must done eliminate the un safeconditions.



3. As the working at height was the mosthazardous activity most of the fatal accidents

due to fall from height can be prevented ifemployers provided the right equipment andtrain employees to use it properly. Employersmust also consider whether the existingstructures providing a safe workplace if not an

extra working platform for example scaffoldingor cradle may be needed.

4. The risk of object falling can be prevented if theworking platforms are kept clean of loose itemsthat could be accidentally kicked off. Other barrierssuch as safety nets can be used to prevent objectsfalling from working platforms.




5. Contractor and their sub agencies can prevent

excavations collapses by supporting their siteswith sheeting or by using support system. Acompetent person who fully understands thedangers should inspect the excavations at thestart of the each shift.

6. Electrical safety can be ensured if all employeeson construction sites are aware of theimportance of safety procedures and if theyimmediately report any fault and stop usingtools or cables as soon as they spot any sign ofdamage.




7. The employers should carry out a risk

assessment of all transport activity includingloading and unloading and introduce controlmeasures.

8. Although control measures that employersintroduce should minimize the kind of risksoutlined, employer may still found that there is aremaining risk of exposure. In this circumstancesemployer should issue the required personalprotective equipment although this should onlybe considered as a last resort measure.




9. Education and training of the personal engineers,managers, supervisors and workers in safety is

essential if the construction is to become a safeactivity. The contractor should organise the needbased training programmes to these employeesat regular intervals.

10. Safety audit and regular inspections will help inidentifying the hazardous existing in theactivities being carried out at different phases.

These audits and inspections should beconducted by professional agencies and team ofpersons from time to time and theirrecommendations should be implemented.




11. Participative management in safety will not only

help in improving safe working place but alsocreate enthusiasm among the employees workingat various levels to control accidents. Safetycommittees should be formed at constructionsites and regular meetings should be conducted.

The recommendations of the committee shouldbe considered for implementation & theserecommendations to be reviewed in the nextmeetings.


12. Whatever the hazard, the aim remains the sameto avoid the hazard altogether or, if this is notreasonably practicable, to assess the risks andintroduce the effective control measures.


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Employees Participation

Safety committeesAs per factorys act 48 clause 41-g NTPC has set up asafety committee at all the projects consisting of equalno. of representation of workers and management topromote cooperation between the workers andmanagement in maintaining proper safety and health atwork place and to review periodically the measurestaken in that behalf.

Safety task force Safety stewards

Safety circle

P l P t ti E i t


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Personal protective equipments to be provided to

all employees based on functional requirements. Protection of head, face, eyes, ears, respiratory,

body, hand, foot shall be taken care while issuingpersonal protective equipments.

Personal Protective Equipments

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Personal Protective Equipments

O i l H l h Ch k U


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Occupational Health Check Up

Occupational health check up of workers employedin a hazardous process conducted periodically todetect any deterioration in the health according tosection 41C of Factories act 1948.

Projects maintain accurate and up to date healthrecords of workers employed in hazardous process.

In NTPC medical examination of all employeesabove 40 years of age is also conducted annually.

Occupational health checkup of contract workers isbeing imposed and is being made mandatory

O ti l H lth & S f t C tifi ti


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Occupational Health & Safety Certification

OHSAS 18001 /IS18001 have been obtained byall stations .

f


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Safety Mantra

Danger arises when a man feels secure in his

position Destruction threatens when a man seeks to preserve

his worldly estate

Confusion develops when a man has put every thingin order

therefore

A wise man does not forget danger in his security

Nor

Ruin when he is well established

Nor

Confusion when affairs are in order

In this way he gains person safety and is able toprotect empire.

S f t i C t ti i NTPC


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Safety in Construction in NTPC

NTPC has produced a film on safety in constructionto educate the employees of NTPC and contractorsworking in construction & erection works.

Detailed safety rules for construction & erectionhave been prepared to ensure the safety of the

employees working in construction & erectionworking in the plants.

Comprehensive safety clauses have beenincorporated in the general conditions of thecontract for construction & erection and operation &maintenance works to ensure the safety of thecontractors employees.

S f t i C t ti i NTPC


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Corporate Safety circulates gist of EnquiryCommittee Reports of the accidents andrecommendation thereof to all the Projects /

Stations to initiate preventive actions in order toavoid recurrence of such accidents.

Internal and external Safety Audit observations

are being complied with and review is taken byCorp Centre.

Safety in Construction in NTPC


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