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CHAPTER

Dogs

7

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History of the Dog

• Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000 years ago

• Many dogs descended from the wolf– These dogs roamed in packs – Eventually found it easier to get food from

humans– Humans began to depend on the dog – Modern dog evolved from selected breeding

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History of the Dog

• Ancestors of the dog lived 40-50 million years ago. –Miacis– Small carnivorous animals that looked more

like a weasel than a dog– Lived in trees

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History of the Dog

• Tomarctus– Considered the “father” of modern dogs. – Body built for speed and endurance– Was a hunter– Looked much like the modern dog: today’s

dog retains much of the Tomarctus’ anatomical features

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History of the Dog

Today, 7 main groups and 155 breeds

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7 Groups of Dogs

1. The Sporting Group2. The Hound Group3. The Terrier Group4. The Working Dog Group5. The Herding Group6. The Toy Group7. The Non-Sporting Dog Group

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1-The Sporting Group

• Developed to help hunters pursue game• Breeds

– Pointer– German Shorthaired Pointer– German Wirehaired Pointer– Labrador Retriever– English Setter– Irish Setter– Brittany– English Springer Spaniel– American Cocker Spaniel

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2-The Hound Group

• One type hunts by scent, the other sight• Breeds

– Afghan Hound– Basset Hound– Beagle– Black and Tan Coonhound– Bloodhound– Dachshund– American Foxhound– Greyhound– Norwegian Elkhound

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3-The Terrier Group

• Two subgroups: (1) Long-legged, large breeds and (2) short-legged, small breeds

• Breeds– Airedale Terrier– Bedlington Terrier– Border Terrier– Bull Terrier– Dandie Dinmont Terrier– Fox Terrier– Miniature Schnauzer– Skye Terrier– Welsh Terrier

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4-The Working Dog Group

• Developed to labor or work for humans• Breeds

– Alaskan Malamute– Boxer– Doberman Pinscher– Great Dane– Great Pyrenees– Standard Schnauzer– Rottweiler– Saint Bernard– Samoyed breed– Siberian Husky– Komondor

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5-The Herding Dog Group

• Developed to aid livestock herders with livestock

• Breeds– Collie– Border Collie– German Shepherd– Old English Sheepdog– Shetland Sheepdog– Welsh Corgi

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6-The Toy Dog Group

• Developed as house pets and companions• Breeds

– Chihuahua– Italian Greyhound– Manchester Terrier– Pekingnese– Pug– Yorkshire Terrier– Shih Tzu

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7-The Non-sporting Dogs

• Developed as companions• Breeds

– Boston Terrier– Bulldog– Dalmatian– Lhasa Apso– Poodle

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The Miscellaneous Class

• American Kennel Club recognizes five breeds where interest exists– May compete in obedience trials, earn obedience

titles, and compete in conformation shows but not earn championship points

– Continued interest may earn entrance to regular class

• Breeds– Jack Russell Terrier– Tibetan Mastiff

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The Hybrid or “Designer” Breeds

• Produced by crossing purebred dogs of two different breeds

• Common hybrids– Schnoodle: Schnauzer and poodle– Goldendoodle: Golden retriever and poodle– Labradoodle: Labrador retriever and standard

poodle– Puggle: Female beagle and male pug– Poochin: Poodle and Japanese chin

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Basics of Dog Feeding

• Commercial foods are fast and convenient• Special groups need special feeding

– Pregnant and lactating females: More food, more frequently

– Puppies: Puppy food in amount for breed– Older dogs: Need protein and nutrients

• Other feeding suggestions– Hard-boil or cook eggs before feeding– Take care with bones

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Guidelines for Dog Exercise

• Avoid strenuous exercise for 2 hours after dogs have eaten large meals

• Have dogs get physical exams• Condition dogs for strenuous exercise• Be alert to signs of dogs’ fatigue

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Methods of Dog Training

• Basic training– Five basic commands starting as puppy– Rely on voice, avoid hitting or threatening

• House-training– Praise and scold appropriately– Consider paper training

• Obedience training– Start with short sessions, work longer– Use proper equipment properly

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Basics of Dog Grooming and Care

• Hair coats: Brush daily, check for mats• Bathing: Only as needed with dog soap• Nails: Trim occasionally• Ears: Clean monthly, no sharp objects• Eyes: Use eyewash solution, keep free of

irritants, rely on veterinary assistance• Teeth: Clean once or twice a week

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Infectious Dog Diseases

• Caused by pathogenic microorganisms able to invade and grow in living tissue

• Examples– Canine distemper– Infectious canine hepatitis– Leptospirosis– Canine parvovirus infection– Infectious tracheobronchitis– Rabies

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Noninfectious Dog Diseases

• Caused by physical injuries or genetic defects or are noncontagious diseases

• Examples– Heart disease– Cataracts– Glaucoma– Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)– Cherry eye– Hip dysplasia

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Fungal Dog Diseases

• Ringworm– One of most common fungal diseases– Fungal organisms in dogs and cats, soil, and

wild rodents• Systemic fungal infections

– Blastomycosis– Histoplasmosis– Coccidioidomycosis

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Internal Dog Parasites

• Roundworms• Hookworms• Whipworms• Tapeworms• Heartworms

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External Dog Parasites

• Fleas• Ticks• Lice• Mites• Chiggers

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Poisonings

• Insecticides• Plants• Household chemicals• Herbicides• Medications• Metal poisonings• Antifreeze