1 Data Presentation and Report Writing Data Presentation and Report Writing FETPV Short Course FETPV Short Course 21 September 2009 21 September 2009 Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen University David Castellan FAO Regional Veterinary Epidemiologist
Transcript
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1 Data Presentation and Report Writing FETPV Short Course 21
September 2009 Khon Kaen University David Castellan FAO Regional
Veterinary Epidemiologist
3 Steps of an Outbreak Investigation (Adapted From: Mazet, UC
Davis and Reingold, UCLA) 1.Verify the existence of an outbreak
2.Establish working case definition(s) 3.Prepare for field work
4.Verify the diagnosis 5.Case finding and data collection
6.Describe the outbreak by Animal, Time, Place 7.Develop hypotheses
8.Intensive follow-up including analytical studies to test the
hypotheses - Conduct special studies (e.g. environmental, market
chain); 9.Implement control measures 10.Communicate findings -
Outbreak report - Outbreak report - Publications
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4 Data How can we assess the possible causes of an outbreak if
we dont collect and report essential data?
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5 I. Data Presentation 1.General Principles 2.Tables 3.Graphs
4.Charts 5.Maps
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6 General Principles for Presenting Data Goals: 1.Communicate
findings as clearly and simply as possible 2.Data supports
recommendations Present the most important data Illustrate animal,
place and time relationships One table, graph, chart or map can be
more effective than much written text
9 General Principles for Presenting Data Data is clearly
labeled and dated Reference the source of data if you did not
collect it Highlight the main differences, trends and associations
Acknowledge significant assistance from others
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10 Tables (Source: Thailand DLD) Tables include data arranged
in rows and columns Types of data elements Count Frequency
Characteristics Age Sex Species Breed Test Result Sample
No.SpeciesProvince RT-PCR Result 1Tree SparrowRayongNegative
2MynaRayongNegative 3Tree SparrowRayongNegative 4Rock
PigeonRayongNegative 5Rock PigeonRayongNegative
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11 Types of Data Continuous e.g. weight in grams, temperature
Discrete (whole numbers) 11, 12, 13, 14 Category Production class:
Chicken egg layer; Broiler; Dual purpose duck Interval Ages: 1-25;
26-50; 51-65; 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
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12 Types of Data (cont) Coordinates (paired data point) X-Y
Coordinates Geographic Coordinates Latitude and Longitude
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13 Tables: Communicating Clearly Title Row and column headings
Cells Totals Footnotes with abbreviations
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14 Tables: Tables: 2005 State Livestock Census Data (Source:
Castellan, DM) DistrictCattleSheepSwinePoultryTOTAL A
18,0004,2244,581 1,55628,361 B 15,0006,336120 13321,589 C
12,0007127 37912,477 D 60,0006,7222,362 76469,848 E
55,0003,6011,561 1,55261,714 F 7,0001,6071,128 6,13315,868 G
44,0004,138913 45949,510 H 32,00011,1460 35843,504 I
18,0009,4182,408 4,96134,787 J 67,0007,055143 35974,557
TOTAL328,00054,31813,24316,654412,215
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15 Frequency Table Number of Salmonella Carriers Detected Over
Time in A Poultry Slaughter Facility (Kotova, 1988)
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16 Labeled Tables with Footnotes
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17 Graphs Graphs should explain themselves Scale can differ
Arithmetic Logarithmic Semi-logarithmic Histogram Frequency
Polygon
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18 Graphs: Arithmetic (X Axis) (Y Axis)
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19 Graphs: Histogram Graphs: Histogram (Source: Dr. Wandee
Kongkaew) Time No.NewCases
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20
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21 Frequency Histogram
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22 Graphs: Frequency Polygon
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23 Charts There are many types including: Pie Chart Timeline
Disease events over time
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24 Pie Chart
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25 Timeline
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26 Counting Disease Events Over Time Counting time at risk
10HPAI+ 9 8Disappeared 7HPAI+ Sentinel Chickens 6Stolen 5HPAI+ 4 3
2 1 12345678910 Time (weeks)
28 9/26/03 Lancaster 9/27/03 Compton vND Index Cases
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29 Outbreak Investigation Spot Map Legend O Positive Case
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30 Disease Movement: Combining Person/Animal, Place and
Time
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31 Molecular Mapping 7 2.2 2.3.4 7 MOLECULAR APPROACH Adapted
from: Dr Ken Inui
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32 Risk Mapping: HPAI in South Asia ( Courtesy of Dr Leo Loth,
FAO)
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33 Flow Diagram
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34 Consumption centre Production Cluster Movement Corridor Road
Border Market Chain Analysis Market Chain Analysis (Adapted from:
Rushton, Taylor, DeHaan) Through people Seasonal Market
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35 Combining Tables and Maps
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36 II. Report Writing General Principles Secondary Data
Analysis Surveys and Surveillance Outbreak Investigation
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37 Reports Response to a request for information Formal written
presentation purpose, methods, results, conclusions and
recommendations Goal: Practical recommendations for decision makers
based on scientific data
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38 Guidelines Reports are highly structured Interim report
Final report Identify your target audience Begin by writing an
outline Be clear and to the point The purpose of the report should
be well defined Conclusions should be supported by data practical
Provide recommendations that are practical
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39 Reporting Findings Methods Internal reports including
recommendations Publications Presentations Reasons Government
requirement Share experience Advance understanding
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40 Collecting Descriptive Data Systematically What events
occurred; Production, Movement and Molecular Who is involved
(animals and humans): Animal When events occurred in time (critical
time periods): Time Where events occurred including man-made and
natural environments: Place How Complete are Disease Investigation
Forms?
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41 Type of Reports Report A Date of notification No. of
sub-districts affected Total No. birds culled Total feed destroyed
No. RRT engaged Date of clean-up Compensation amount Date of
Sanitation Certificate Report B Owner name and location Date/Time
of visit first clinical signs observed From onset of signs and
death Clinical signs noted Poultry Total at Risk Morbidity
Mortality Culled Recent Movements on and off of farm People Poultry
Equipment Regulatory Information Epidemiology Information
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42 Report Structure Title Acknowledgements Table of Contents
Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusions
Recommendations Appendices Endnotes References
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43 Opening Section Title Clearly describes the what was studied
Organization Author = substantive contributions Date
Acknowledgements Significant assistance Table of Contents Logical
order with page numbers List of tables and figures Abstract Brief
summary of the report (250 words) Purpose, methods, results,
conclusions
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44 Main Section Introduction Significance of the report/study
Related previous research and work Purpose of study
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45 Main Section Methods Be clear and brief Include hypothesis
tested Explain the methods used Describe how the population was
selected Describe the type and source of data Describe methods for
collecting data Describe how data was analyzed
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46 Main Section (cont) Results Clearly present and summarize
the main findings Accept or reject the null hypothesis Use graphic
illustrations to summarize main results
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47 Main Section (cont) Discussion Significance of findings
Limitations of the study Propose follow up action
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48 Main Section (cont) Conclusions Re-state the purpose Make
conclusions directly based on the data presented
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49 Main Section (cont) Recommendations Brief (length of an
abstract) Consistent with findings and results Consistent with
conclusions Practical and can be implemented It is the work of
field epidemiologists to present science based recommendations to
decision makers
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50 Final Section Appendices Additional details not included in
main section Endnotes Explanatory notes Details of materials
References Use proper format requested Include all sources of
information
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51 III. Presentations Software MS PowerPoint Allow 1-2 minutes
per slide Minimum text Use graphic illustrations Contents Outline
Acknowledgements Summary Format Use consistent headings Font type
(Roman, Arial) and size (minimum 20 size) Color
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52 IV. Public Speaking Speak with your audience in mind Speak
confidently about what you have earned the right to speak about Use
your time wisely and allow for questions at the end Outline your
topics, present them then summarize them Format purpose, main
methods, findings, conclusions and recommendations
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53 Contents Explain the problem and its importance Describe the
setting and location using maps Explain methods and reasons for
using them Describe and explain the results Draw conclusions Make
recommendations to decision makers for prevention and control
efforts
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54 Simple Rules (M. Gregg, 2008) Stay within time limits
Prepare clear, visible visual aids Keep illustrations simple
without too much data Respect the audience Keep calm and dont react
negatively to questions
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55 Thank You for Your Attention! Questions or Comments? Contact
Information [email protected]
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56 References Gregg, M. (Ed). 2008: Field Epidemiology, Third
Edition. Oxford University Press. New York, 572 p. Tulane
University. www.tulane.edu/~lamp/pdfs/how_to_write_a_research_
report_presentation.pdf University of Massachusetts.
http://www.umass.edu/schoolcounseling/Welcometo
AmherstMassachusetts/ReportingandPresentingData. ppt
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57 V. Exercise 1.List the kind(s) of government reports
required
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58 V. Exercise 2.List the challenges in compiling reports
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59 V. Exercise 3.Create an outline of the main section of a
report using recent outbreak investigation or surveillance data
using the following headings: Purpose Methods and Materials Results
Conclusions Recommendations