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8/6/2019 1. Day-1-LAN Topology and Device Symbols
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Network - Topologies
& Devices
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Network A collection of connected nodes, who
can share their resources.
Network consists of many components,
including both hardware and software.
It has two category:
LAN
WAN
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LAN and WAN LANs are used to interconnect devices
that are in relatively close proximity.
Whereas, WAN are necessary to
interconnect LANs across geographic
distances.
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Bandwidth
In analog communications, the differencebetween the highest and lowest frequencies
in a given range. In other words, it is widthof the channel. For example, an analogtelephone line accommodates a bandwidthof 3,000 hertz (Hz), the difference betweenthe lowest (300 Hz) and highest (3,300 Hz)frequencies it can carry. In digitalcommunications, bandwidth is expressed inbits per second (bps).
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Circuit Switching
It is based on the idea that
conversation across a network should
have reserved bandwidth and must
follow the same path until the
connection is broken.
Requires a dedicated channel betweencommunicating nodes.
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Packet Switching
It routes each packet through a
network individually, rather than
through a preset path of switches.
Does not require any dedicated
channel between nodes.
Each packet are having its own startand stop bit enclosed.
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Physical & Logical Topologies
Physical Topologies define the actual
layout of the wire (media).
Logical Topologies define how the
media is accessed by the hosts.
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Physical Topologies
Bus
Ring
Star
ExtendedStar
Hierarchical
Mesh
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Bus Topology
Single backbone
All hosts directly
connected to backbone Each end of the bus
must be properly
terminated
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Ring Topology No backbone
A host is directly
connected to each of itsneighbors
Used for token passing
logical topologies
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Star Topology All devices connected to
a central point
Center of star is usuallya hub or a switch
Used for Ethernet
technologies
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Extended Star Topology Connects individual star
topologies together.
At the center of the star
is a hub or a switch.
Extends the length and
size of the network.
This is the topology we
are using in our lab!
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Hierarchical Topology Like the extended star except a computer
controls trafficnot a hub or a switch.
Server
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Mesh Topology
Each host has its own
connection to every
other host
Used in situations where
communication must
not be interrupted.
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Logical Topologies Broadcast Topology
Each host on the LAN sends its data (or
broadcasts its data) to every other
host.
Token Passing Topology
Access to media is controlled by anelectronic token, possession of the
token gives the host the right to pass
data to its destination.
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LANM
edia Symbols
TokenRing
FDDI
Ring
EthernetLine
Serial
Line
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LAYER 1Repeater
Cleans up (regenerates) and repeats
the signal.
Used when a networks cabling extendsbeyond its capability.
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LAYER 1Transceiver
Transmitter and Receiver of electronic
signalsspecialized repeater.
Connects different media technologies
Also called a MAU (Media Attachment
Unit)
FiberCat 5 UTP
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LAYER 1Hub
Simply a multi-port repeater. Used to connect multiple devices to the
same network drop.
The Cloud
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Hubs1) Hubs share bandwidth between all
attached devices creating a
collision domain.
2) Hubs are non-intelligent, theycannot filter traffic.
3) Most LANs use a broadcast
topology, so every device seesevery packet sent down the
media.
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BroadcastsAll hubs forward all traffic to alldevices because they are in the
same collision domain,this iswhat is meant by a broadcasttopology
21
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Separating the collision domain
into smaller domains is called
segmentation. Bridges and switches are Layer 2
devices that segment collision
domains. These devices filter network
traffic based on MAC addresses.
Broadcasts
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LAN Device SymbolsLayer 2
Bridge
Switch
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LAYER 2Bridge
Connects two LAN segments.
Keeps traffic local by filtering trafficbased on MAC Addresses.
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BridgeTo lessen the amount of LAN traffic,bridges filter frames based on MACaddresses. The bridge recognizes theMAC address of Host 2 as being on thesame domain as Host 1
2
1
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LAYER 2Switch
Connects multiple LAN segments.
Can be called a multi-port bridge.
Provides full bandwidth out each port.
The Cloud
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SwitchA switch (also know as a multi-portbridge), can effectively replace multiple
bridges and provide each LAN
segmentwith dedicated bandwidth.
The Cloud
10 Mbps10 Mbps
10 Mbps
10 Mbps
10 Mbps
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Since a switch is a multi-port bridge,we know it will stop local pings fromtraveling to other network segments.
Switch
1
2
1
If a switch or a bridge do not recognize thedestination MAC address destined for adifferent LAN segment it will be broadcast theaddress to all segments.
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LAN Device SymbolsLayer 3
Router
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Router
Can be used to connect different Layer
2 devices and different topologies.
Makes decisions based on network
addresses (IP Addresses).
The Cloud
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Routers TwoM
ain Functions
Path Determination (routing)
Packet Switching
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Routers TwoM
ain Functions
Path Determination is the process of
evaluating a packets destination IP
address so that the router can
decide which port to send out the
packet.
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Routers TwoM
ain Functions
In PacketSwitching, the router
encapsulates the packet in the
protocol needed for the specified port
and then switches the packet out
that port.
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Router
1
16
1
Routers filter traffic based on IP addresses.The router uses the IP address to route the
traffic to the correct LAN segment.
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The Cloud
The cloud is a collection of devices that
operate at all layers (7-1) of the OSI model.
The cloud is used to represent a large
group of details that are not pertinent to a
situation or description, at a given time.
The cloud helps remind us that ourdiscussions are about various parts of a
larger interconnected networkThe
Internet.
The Cloud