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Dr (Prof) A D SurridgeHead: South African Centre for Carbon Capture and StorageSenior Manager: South African National Energy Research Institutewww.sacccs.org.za

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South African Energy Chain

Main End Use – Electricity and Liquid Fuels

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SUPPLY TRANSFORM TRANSPORT END USE

Oil

Natural Gas

Coal

Gas

ElectricityEskomand Others

Coal

PetroSA

Export

Sasol

Road/Rail

Pipeline

Oil Refineries RailRoadPipeline

LiquidFuels

Biomass WoodPerson/Road

Hydro

Nuclear

Transmission Wires

“Washery”

Koeberg

Sasol

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Fossil Fuel Road Maps• Coal Road Map

• Joint Project – DoE and SA Industry• Phase I Ready for Release• Phase Final – Scheduled Mid-2012

• Liquid Fuels R&D Road Map• SANEDI Internal Framework Study Underway• Scheduled mid-2012

• Gas Road R&D Map• SANEDI Internal Framework Study Underway• Scheduled mid-2012

Road Maps include an R&D gaps analysis to indicate where development is needed

Coal is generally known - Oil/Gas unclear

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South Africa Carbon Dioxide Emissions Projection

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Energy & Environment

CCS is a Flagship Programme of the National Climate Change Response White Paper

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Principle

Extract Carbon Dioxide from Fossil Fuel UseElectricity Generation Stations [~12% CO2]

Synthetic Fuel Plants [~95% CO2]etc

Inject Carbon Dioxide back into Geological Formations [from whence the fossil fuel came]

Depleted Oil and Gas FieldsDeep Saline Aquifers

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Four Stages

SOURCE: CO2CRC/IEAGHG

Stored Deep >800m

Cap-RockPorous Storage-Rock

Surface

SOURCE: CO2CRC/IEAGHG

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Permanency

Permanency Stages of Trapped CO2:

Structural Trapping Overlaying cap rock

Residual Trapping Tiny pores in rock – capillary pressure of water

Solubility Trapping Dissolve in saline water

Mineral Trapping React chemically with surrounding rocks – become part of rock

INC

RE

AS

ING

PE

RM

AN

EN

CY

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Geological Storage

StatoilHydro

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Permanency - Sleipner

StatoilHydro

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World Projects

SOURCE: CO2CRC/IEAGHG

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Technology Development

It is not a question as to whether the technology works

We know it worksBeen operating at many sites for decades

It is a scale-up issue

Integrity of Storage Site

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South African Centre for Carbon Capture & StorageEstablished 30Mar09

Core Parties

Participants

coal

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Charter Signing 27Mar09Minister Sonjica Presiding

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Time/Scale for Carbon Capture and Storage in South Africa

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Potential for Carbon Dioxide Storage in South Africa

Atlas indicated a Storage Potential: 150 Giga tonnes At an “effective level” 98% off-shore

Need: 4 Giga tonnes To store 40 million tonnes For 100 years

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Projects Currently Underway

• Scoping Study for Test Injection• Regulatory Requirements for Test Injection [Europe Aid/SACCCS Funded]• Zululand Basin Storage Potential [UK Funded]• Algoa Basin Storage Potential [Europe Aid/SACCCS Funded]• Geological Modelling of Storage Sites [Europe Aid/SACCCS funded]• Financial Opportunities for CCS in South Africa [Europe Aid/SACCCS funded]• Public Outreach Determination [World Bank Funded]• Definition of “Capture Readiness” Determination• Capacity Building:

• Five post-graduate bursaries• Post-primary Schools Science Expo

• Joint Industry Project – Techno-Economic Study [SACCCS/World Bank]• Collateral Benefits – Job Creation/preservation, industry development [CSLF]• CCS Week [SACCCSA/CSLF]

• The Department of Energy: Developing a Carbon Capture and StorageRegulatory Framework [World bank Funding]

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Critical Paths for Test Injection

Regulatory Requirements

Scoping Study

Zululand Basin PotentialAlgoa basin Potential

Test Injection

Business Plan

Storage Modelling

Site selection

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Permitting

I & II III

I & II III

I & II

I & II

Financed

Not Financed [exploration/drilling/Test Injection]

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Paradigm Change

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SUMMARY

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 5 Yr Est

Budget

Carbon Capture & Storage

Site Selectio

n

Business Plan

Permits Baseline

&Permits

Test Injection

R 721 M

Coal Road Map Road Map

Phase I

Road Map

Phase II

[R200k]

Clean Coal Tech CCT

CCTChair

CCT R&D

I

CCT R&D

II

CCT R&D

III

CCT R&DIV

R 144M

Oil Oil R&D Road Map

Oil R&DI

Oil R&DII

Oil R&DIII

Oil R&DIV

R 23M5

Gas Gas R&D Road Map

Gas R&D

I

Gas R&D

II

Gas R&D

III

Gas R&DIV

R 23M5

Over-Arching Outputs

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Full details available atwww.sacccs.org.za