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DRUG USE… A HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR!!

• S_____________________ is a high risk behavior that includes misusing legal drugs or using illegal drugs or other chemicals

• People abuse drugs for a number of reasons, none of them healthful!

1. Teenagers –

the highest percentage of use is with

people between the ages of __________

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Why do teenagers abuse drugs???

• A way to be accepted with peers

• Influenced by the media

• Curious

• A way of rebelling

• Escape pressure

• 2. Adults -

3. Elderly -

4. Athletes -

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Drug Use… A High Risk Behavior!!

• Substance abuse can harm a person’s physical, mental, emotional and social health and even lead to ___________.

• Substance abuse has far-reaching consequences for the abuser, for others in the abuser’s life, and for society at large.

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What is the difference between drug use and abuse?

• _______________

1. Using the drug incorrectly due to ignorance

2. Taking the drug with the wrong food

3. Stopping the drug too soon

• _________1. intentionally misusing the drug

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Dangers of substance abuse

• Side effects can range from minor to deadly.

• I______________ can be especially dangerous because there are no controls or means of monitoring these substances for q_________________________________.

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Dangers of drug abuse

• O_______________ – is a strong or fatal reaction to taking a large amount of drug. Often, overdoses occur when alcohol and other drugs are _____________.

• When drug abuse involves injecting substances through a needle, hepatitis B or HIV can occur

• People who experiment with drugs tend to lose control…can lead to STD’s or pregnancies

• T____________________ – the body of the abuser will need more and more of the drug to get the same effects and will eventually need it to function

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Dangers of Substance abuse

• Psychological Dependence• Physiological dependence• Withdrawal• Antagonistic interaction – happens

when two drugs taken together ___________ each other out. Exa. Blood pressure medicine and nicotine

• Synergistic interaction – ____________ the effects of the drugs – multiplier effect

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Dangers of substance abuse

• Risk to unborn and newborns:

1. breast milk – can pass from mother to infant.

2. Can cause miscarriage or premature birth

3. Can cause birth defect, mental retardation

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ADDICTION

_______________ is a process - a series of gradual changes that happen over time

• This process happens more quickly to some than others. The ___________ you are, the quicker the addiction.

• Some people can be hooked on a drug the very first time they take it

• Once an addiction occurs, the person will need help if he/she is to have any hope of returning to normal.

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Addiction Signs:

• Continued concern about where the next “fix” will come from

• Choosing friends that can supply the _____________________________

• Changes in appearance or personal health• Irritability, nervousness, personality changes, mood

swings• Violent behavior• Black-outs• Needing larger amounts of a substance to feel

normal

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Types of Psychoactive drugs

• There are four main groups -

1. S________________

2. D________________

3. N_________________

4. H________________

The first three groups, when used properly, have medicinal value. Hallucinogens have no _____________________.

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1. STIMULANTS

• Drugs which cause the body systems to __________________________

• Effects: increased heart rate and breathing, increased blood pressure, dilated pupils, dry mouth, dizziness, sweating, headache, blurred vision, sleeplessness, anxiety, moodiness

• Very high doses: irregular heartbeat, tremors, high fever, heart failure

• How it enters the body: swallowed, snorted, injected

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STIMULANTS• Amphetamines - people use them

illegally to stay awake and alert, to improve athletic performance, to lose weight, etc.

• Methamphetamine –Short term problems – mind and mood changes such as anxiety, euphoria, and depression

Long term problems – chronic fatigue, paranoid or delusional thinking, permanent psychological damage.

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Methamphetamine-Con’t

• Creates a false sense of energy where the drug can push the body faster and further than it is meant to go.

• Is a powerfully addictive drug that can cause aggression and violent or psychotic behavior.

• Can cause a severe “crash” after the effects wear off, can cause irreversible damage to the blood vessels in the brain, heart failure, liver, kidney and lung damage

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“Meth Mouth”

• Experts believe that meth ravages teeth by drying up saliva and leaving users with “______________________.”

• Without saliva, bacteria in the mouth multiply, leading to _______________.

• Dentists report that healthy teeth can become rotten from even a ______________ of meth use.

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Stimulants –slang names

• Speed • Uppers• Coke• Pep pills

• Medical use Treats hyperactive children

• Treats narcolepsy• Used for weight control

• Toot• Dust• Coke• Snow

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Stimulants• _________– is a powerful stimulant that causes

a short-lived high that is immediately followed by opposite, intense feelings of depression, edginess, and a craving for more of the drug.

• Cocaine users often don’t eat or sleep regularly. They can experience increased heart rate, muscle spasms, and convulsion.

• Using cocaine can make you feel paranoid, angry, hostile, and anxious even when you’re not high

• If you snort cocaine, you can permanently damage your _______________________.

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• This 42-year-old cocaine addict complained of longstanding nasal stuffiness. On examination, he had crusting and ulceration of the nasal mucosa, perforation of the nasal septum, and a hole in his soft palate.

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Cocaine – Con’t

• Cocaine interferes with the way your brain processes chemicals that create feelings of pleasure. So you need more and more of the drug just to feel normal.

• People who become addicted to cocaine start to lose interest in other areas of their life – school, friends, sports…

• Crack – free basing changes cocaine into a concentrated smoke able form called crack

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2. DEPRESSANTS• Drugs used medicinally to relieve anxiety, irritability,

tension. They slow down the central nervous system• They are used legally to reduce pain, relieve stress,

anxiety and fear

• High potential for abuse, development of toleranceProduce state of intoxication similar to that of alcoholCombined with alcohol, increase effects, multiply risks

• Staggering, stumbling, lack of coordination, slurred speechFalling asleep while at work, difficulty concentratingDilated pupils

                 

                 

                   

            

               b

arbiturates

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2. Depressants

• Larger amounts cause slurred speech, impaired judgment,loss of motor coordination

• Very large doses may cause respiratory depression, coma, death

• Newborn babies of abusers may show dependence, withdrawalsymptoms, behavioral problems, birth defects

• Tranquilizers, barbiturates, marijuana,• Swallowed, injected, smoked, snorted

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3. Narcotics are drugs derived from the opium plant that have a

sedative effect• A Narcotic is defined as a drug from opium or

morphine that in moderate doses relieves pain and induces deep sleep. Excessive use can cause tremors and seizures

• Medical use: pain relief, cough • suppressant (codeine), pain relief, stops diarrhea,

relief from tooth pain• Morphine – used to reduce severe pain. Exa.

Relief from cancer• Slang – names – Smack, Horse, Mud, Brown

Sugar, Junk, Black Tar, Big H, Dope, Skag

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3. Narcotics

Heroin – has no accepted medical use in the U.S. and is the most frequently abused narcotic.

• It depresses the central nervous system• Enters the brain quickly. It particularly affects

those regions of the brain responsible for producing physical dependence – highly addictive!

• It slows down the way you think, slows down reaction time, and slows down memory

• How it enters the body: injected, smoked or inhaled

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3. NarcoticsHeroin• Short term affects: surge of euphoria

("rush") accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin,

• a dry mouth, and heavy speech, slow gait, constricted pupils, droopy eyelids, extremities.

• Following this initial euphoria, the user goes "on the nod," an alternately wakeful and drowsy state.

• Mental functioning becomes clouded due to the depression of the central nervous system.

• Other effects included slowed and slurred impaired night vision, vomiting, constipation.

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3. NarcoticsHeroine

Long-term problems:

• users must take the drug to feel “normal.”

• A break of only one day can bring on severe, very painful withdrawal symptoms – aches, chills, sweating, muscle spasms and weakness.

• After a break, the usual dose may be an overdose

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Heroine

•Withdrawal, which in regular abusers may occur as early as a few hours after the last administration, produces drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey"). • Sudden withdrawal by heavily dependent users who are in poor health can be fatal. •Signs of heroine overdose: shallow breathing, pinpoint pupils, clammy skin, convulsions, comaHigh probability of _______________ after withdrawal from the drug

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3. Narcotics

• Heroin is one of the top ______ frequently reported drugs by medical examiners in drug abuse deaths.

• Purity of the drug is now 10 times stronger than in the 1980’s

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Heroin

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4. HALLUCINOGENS(Psychedelics)

• Drugs that ___________ the senses and cause hallucinations – changes the way the brain interprets time, reality, and the environment, may produce bizarre, unpredictable behaviors, person may sit for hours in a quiet, dreamlike state.

• Could appear as liquid, capsules, powder, blotter paper, thin gelatin squares, mushrooms

• how it enters the body: swallowed, injected, smoked, licked off paper, chewed

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4. Hallucinogens

• Short term effects: a “bad trip” – intense panic, confusion, deep depression, terrors, scary delusions. Can cause fatal accidents

• Long term effects: Out-of-the-blue _____________________ – hallucinations without taking the drug again for up to a few days, weeks, months or years after an acid trip. Causes severe depression

• All are illegal –

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4. Hallucinogens• ___________ (angel dust) is a synthetically

prepared drug – considered to be one of the most dangerous of all drugs. Time seems to pass slowly, body movements slow down, coordination impaired, dulls the sensations of touch and pain. Many PCP users are brought to the emergency room because of its disturbing psychological effects including delusions and paranoia

• Most PSP related deaths are caused by the strange, destructive behavior that the drug produces in the user.

• Exa . PCP users have drown in shallow water due to not knowing which way is up, died in fires due no sensitivity to the pain of burning

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4.Hallucinogens

• LSD – (acid) effects are widely unpredictable. Some users believe that they can ________________

• LSD “acid” is odorless, colorless. Often added to absorbent paper, such as blotter paper, and divided into small decorated squares.

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4.Hallucinogens

• .

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Hallucinogens

• The effects of LSD are unpredictable. Great mood swings, delusions and visual hallucinations. The user may “hear” colors and see sounds.

• Trips are long – about 12 hours. Some users experience severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity and death and despair.

• _________________ – occurs suddenly, often without warning, and may occur within a few days, weeks, months, and even years after use.

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ANABOLIC STEROIDS• Powerful compounds that are similar to the

male sex hormone, _______________. These drugs are taken to increase muscle mass and strength

• Effects: may initially increase muscle mass, body strength, and weight, purple or red spots on the body, swelling of feet and legs, unpleasant breath odor, depression, increased risk of heart attack, stroke liver cancer, acne

• “Roid Rage”

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Anabolic Steroids

• Males - sterility, withered testicles, impotence

• Females – irreversible masculine traits, breast reduction, sterility

• How it enters the body: swallowed, intramuscular injection

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Steroids

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Steroids

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INHALANTS• Dangerous fumes are concentrated in a bag,

on a cloth, etc. and _______________• Effects: nausea, sneezing, coughing,

nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, loss of appetite,

* solvents – decrease in heart rate and breathing, impaired judgment

*nitrites – rapid pulse, headaches, loss of bowel and bladder control, long term use can cause hepatitis, brain damage, nervous system damage, suffocation, and death

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Inhalants

How it enters the body: Vapors are inhaled through the _______________

A person can go into a coma from a single use and be in a vegetable state the rest of his/her life

G_________________________

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MARIJUANA• The dried leaves, stems, and seeds of the

cannabis sativa plant. • Hashish is the dark brown resin that is

collected from the top of this plant.• Effects: increased heart rate, bloodshot

eyes, dry mouth and throat, increased appetite, short-term memory loss, altered sense of time, damage to lungs and circulatory system

• How it enters the body: Smoked in joints, pipes, eaten

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Hasish

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Marijuana

• Main active chemical in marijuana is ____. Marijuana’s effects on the user depend on the _____________ of the THC

• Cannabis is a hallucinogen and has the effects of both a depressant and a stimulant

• Alters your senses, coordination, reaction time, and can interrupt your ability to make rational and healthful decisions

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• If you use marijuana for a long time, you could start losing interest in how you look and how you’re doing in sports, school or any activity that you are involved in

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"Happy" Ceramic

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Marijuana

• Short term effects: problems with memory and learning, distorted perception, difficulty in thinking and problem solving, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, anxiety, and panic attacks.

• Effects on the lungs: same respiratory problems that tobacco users have. (cancer, etc,)

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CLUB DRUGS• Refer to a wide variety of drugs often used at

all-night dance parties (raves), nightclubs, and concerts.

• Some club drugs are _________________• ___________________________. They can

be added to beverages by individuals to intoxicate or sedate others.

• There has been an increase in reports of club drugs used to commit sexual assaults

• Some are stimulants –ecstasy, others are depressants – GHB,Rohypnol

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Club Drugs

• Ecstasy (MDMA) – “adam,” or “HTC” - mind altering drug with hallucinogenic properties

• Health hazards: psychological difficulties, confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, severe depression.

• Physical problems: muscle tension, nausea, blurred vision, chills, sweating

• Long term problems: damage to the parts of the brain critical to thought and memory

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CLUB DRUGS

• GHB – is odorless and nearly tasteless. Induces a state of relaxation

• Can be slipped into someone’s drink without detection. Has been reportedly used in cases of date rape. GHB is a sedative that can make you unconscious and immobilize you

• Physical problems: nausea, vomiting, respiratory problems, seizures, coma

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CLUB DRUGS

• Rohypnol – people may unknowingly be given the drug which, when mixed with alcohol, can incapacitate and prevent a victim from resisting _________________.

• Physical symptoms: sedative-hypnotic effects including muscle relaxation and amnesia.

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Club Drugs

• Ketamine: “special k” is a powerful hallucinogen that includes visual distortions and a lost sense of time, sense and identity.

• Profound physical and mental problems including delirium, amnesia, impaired motor function and potentially fatal problems

• Special K is a powder that is usually snorted but is sometimes sprinkled on tobacco or marijuana and smoked.

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Addiction: recognizing the problem

• Many families, after recognizing that the problem exists, will have an intervention.

• Intervention - the interruption of the addiction continuum before the addict hits bottom.

• Meetings take place without the addicted person’s knowledge.

• Second step in the process is a surprise meeting with the addict that forces the addict to face the seriousness of the problem.

• If addict refuses to recognize the problem, they will be steps taken to the refusal – Wife will move out, etc.

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Recovery

• A process that happens over time -. A recovered person never says “I am cured, but “I am recovering.”

• The first step in the recovery process is _______________________ – the removal of the drug from the body, usually under medical supervision

• This step also includes restoring one’s mental health

• Most experts recommend total abstinence• Relapse – slips from recovery, or periodic

returns to use can happen

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Treatment options

• Support groups such as AA, narcotics Anonymous, cocaine anonymous

• Detoxification Units – a person is under a drs. care and may be given some medication to ease the symptoms of withdrawal

• Inpatient treatment centers – involves detox and counseling, both individual and group

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Treatment options

• Outpatient treatment centers –

involves follow up sessions, counseling • Continuing programs• Halfway houses-

people are admitted to this program generally after they have completed at least a 28 day recovery program where they stay for 6 months to a year where they learn coping and living skills they will need when they return to society.

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Choosing to be Drug Free!

• Learn to say “no!” *Give a reason (lie or truth) *Provide alternatives *Use eye contact to say no *Take a definite action• Realize that no drug will solve your problem• Talk to trusted friend/counselor, etc.• Learn to handle the stress in you life and get

help when you need it.