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1
EPA Initiatives and Programs to Address Climate Change
JOHN FILIPPELLIU.S. EPA Region 2
New York Energy ForumSeptember 17, 2009
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Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 far exceed the natural range over the last 650,000 years.
Source: IPCC WGI AR4, 2007.
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GHG Warming Potential
Gas Atmospheric Lifetime
(years)
GWPa
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 50 - 200 1
Methane (CH4)b 12 ± 3 21
Nitrous oxide (N2O) 120 310
HFCs 1.5 - 264 140 - 11,700
PCFs 3,200 – 20,000 7,000 – 23,000
SF6 3200 23,900
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Expected Impacts
Climate ChangesTemperature Sea Level Rise
Precipitation
• Erosion and inundation of coastal lands• Costs of protecting vulnerable lands
Coastal Areas
• Geographic range• Health, composition, and productivity
Forest Impacts
• Crop yields• Irrigation demand• Pest management
Agriculture
• Weather-related deaths• Infectious diseases• Air quality - respiratory illnesses
Health Impacts
• Loss of habitat and diversity• Species range shifts• Ecosystem services
Ecosystems
• Changes in precipitation, water quality, and water supply
Water Resources
7The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) conclusions: GHG are increasing in the atmosphere
and the climate is warming. Most of the warming is very likely due to
emissions from human activities. We can do something about it, including
much with current technologies.
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Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S.
U.S. GHG Emissions as Shown by End-Use Sectors
Industry, 28%
Transportation, 28%
Commercial, 17%
Residential, 17%
Agriculture, 9%
Source: Inventory of U.S. GHG Emissions and Sinks, 2007
Local governments have control over decisions that
affect land use, transportation, and buildings.
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Domestic Policy and EPA Roles
Executive branch is now playing a larger role on climate policy
Close coordination with Congress ongoing Linkage of climate and energy issues, along with
consideration of economic needs EPA work:
GHG inventory, research, preparing for impacts, outreach, international negotiations, possible regulations…..
Region 2: multimedia partnership programs, outreach, future regulatory support
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U.S. Climate Policy and Actions
Current and Near-Term Greenhouse Gas Reduction Initiatives
Climate Change Technology Program Climate Change Science Program International Cooperation
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Looking Forward
A wide range of policies will be needed to address climate change Across all sectors of the economy Likely encompassing regulatory,
financial and voluntary policy mechanisms
Industry and local action is critical.
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EPA Regulatory Initiatives
Waste Energy Recovery Registry California Greenhouse Gas Waiver Request National Fuel Economy Policy Proposed Endangerment Finding Proposed Mandatory Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule Renewable Fuel Standard Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
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Waste Energy (WE) Recovery Registry
July 23, 2009 - Proposed rule published in Federal Register(www.regulations.gov) calling for a voluntary survey of major industrial and large commercial sources of feasible WE recovery.
Provide state and national totals of WE recovery opportunities and potential GHG benefits.
Serve as a basis for potential WE recovery projects as described in Energy Policy and Conservation Act
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California GHG Waiver Request
On June 30, 2009 EPA granted a waiver of the Clean Air Act preemption to CA for its GHG standards.
Requires automakers to increase the fuel economy of cars and trucks sold in the state by 40 percent to an average of 35.5 miles per gallon by 2016.
New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont Washington and Arizona* to follow.
4 years ahead of similar federal requirement.
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Proposed LDV Standards/National Fuel Economy Policy
On September 15, 2009 EPA and USDOT’s NHTSA proposed light duty vehicle GHG and new CAFE standards (60-day comment period)
Covers 2012 to 2016 and later model years 250 grams per mile CO2 (35.5 mpg equivalent) Single light duty fleet would satisfy US and CA EPA must finalize endangerment and cause or
contribute findings before the rules can go final www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations.htm
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Proposed GHG Reporting Rule
Proposed rule published April 10, 2009 Comment period ended June 9 Would cover suppliers of fossil fuels or
industrial GHG Vehicle and engine manufacturers Facilities that emit 25,000 tpy or more of
GHG Covers CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC,
SF6,NF3, other fluorinated gases & HFE
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Renewable Fuel Standard
Published May 26, 2009 – Comment period closed July 27
Peer review published August 17 – Comments by September 25
This rule proposes to establish the revised annual renewable fuel standard (RFS2) and to make the necessary program modifications as set forth in EISA. V
Volume standard under RFS2 was increased beginning in 2008 from 5.4 billion gallons (Bgal) to 9.0 Bgal. Thereafter, the required volume continues to increase under RFS2, eventually reaching 36 Bgal by 2022.
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GHG Sequestration
Proposed federal requirements published July 25, 2008
Supplemental proposal published August 31, 2009
Includes DOE partnership project data LBNL study results Discussed comments and alternatives Public hearing September 17 - Chicago Comment period closes October 15
21Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to Address Global Warming Published July 11, 2008 – 120-day comment period Descriptions of key provisions and programs in the CAA, and
pros/cons of regulating GHGs under those provisions How a decision to regulate GHG emissions under one section
of the CAA could or would lead to regulation of GHG emissions under other sections of the Act, including sections on permitting requirements for major sources
Issues relevant for Congress to consider for possible future climate legislation and the potential for overlap between future legislation and regulation under the existing CAA
Scientific information relevant to endangerment analysis.
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Mayors Climate Protection Agreement
Many local governments have signed this agreement.
EPA Partnership Programs and resources can assist municipalities with meeting the commitments in the Agreement, including:
Putting together a GHG inventory Purchasing green energy Increasing energy efficiency ENERGY STAR purchasing Green Building Greening your fleet, idling management Recycling and materials management Energy efficiency in water and wastewater systems Water conservation
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Climate Change is More than Air
We must also address water use and waste/land aspects.
A lot of energy is used to pump, treat and heat water. Saving water saves energy and reduces
greenhouse gas emissions
Recycling and reducing waste also decreases greenhouse gas emissions. Using recycled or re-used materials reduces
the amount of energy needed to extract raw materials and manufacture goods
Decreasing waste reduces methane emissions from landfills
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How Can EPA Programs Help You?
Address specific ways to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in your community
Provide technical assistance Provide outreach materials and other
free tools Help identify funding opportunities Offer public recognition
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Informational network facilitating access to tools, technical assistance and funding. Best Practices Searchable database of resources Listserve Free Webcast Trainings Peer to Peer Exchange
A good place to start……
www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal
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ENERGY STARReducing Energy Use In Your Community
www.energystar.gov/challenge
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Energy Star promotes energy efficiency in homes, businesses, and products
Buy Energy Star products Take the Energy Star Challenge—Communities:
Set at least 10% energy use reduction goal Benchmark their buildings Take action to improve
ENERGY STAR provides many free resources online: Portfolio Manager, benchmarking tools, training calculators,
manuals, etc.
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Green Power PartnershipBuying Renewable Energy
Voluntary program in which partners use green power to meet a portion of their electricity needs Electricity, Renewable Energy Credits (RECs), on-site
generation
More than 900 partners purchase more than 14.3 billion KWh of green power annually
The Green Power Partnership helps through: Green Power Locator Step-by-Step Guide to Purchasing Green Power Media/outreach tools
www.epa.gov/greenpower
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Combined Heat and Power Partnership Increasing Building
Energy Efficiency
Promotes cogeneration of electricity and thermal energy from the same fuel
Separate heat and electricity production is highly inefficient Average efficiency of fossil fuel power plants is 33% Average efficiency CHP systems is 60-80%
The CHP Partnership can help you determine whether your facilities are good candidates for CHP Good candidates include schools, WWTPs and district
heating systems
www.epa.gov/chp
30EPA CHP 2009 Partners Meeting and NYSERDA Conference on CHP
October 1-2, 2009New York Marriott DowntownNew York, NY
CHP developments on the national stage, the state of the CHP market
Support and resources provided by the Partnership Peer-to-peer discussions during NYSERDA's CHP roundtable Partners' success stories across various market sectors CHP financing strategies, including ARRA incentives Federal and state-level climate policies and CHP objectives
http://www.epa.gov/chp/events/partnermeet_2009.html
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Nationally EPA has taken critical steps to ensure new diesels are clean
11 million older vehicles/engines in operation nationwide
Diesels last a long time New York, New Jersey & New England
participate in voluntary collaborative Municipal, transit, ports, construction,
trucks and locomotives
Northeast Diesel Collaborative
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SmartWayReducing transportation-related emissions
SmartWay partners take action to reduce fuel use and emissions.
EPA provides tools, assistance, and quantifies savings and emission reductions
SmartWay Partners: 1,177 partners across the U.S. Projected savings: over 3.3 billion gallons of oil per year
and $10 billion in operating costs
SmartWay Affiliates: 229 organizations promote the program across the U.S.
www.epa.gov/smartway
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WasteWiseReducing Waste and GHGs
WasteWise Partners set recycling and waste prevention goals
Helps communities go beyond basic recycling programs
Reporting partners receive a profile which quantifies the climate benefits of their waste reduction efforts EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (online) calculates
greenhouse gas emissions from waste management actions
Free Helpline/assistance
www.epa.gov/wastewise
34Landfill Methane Outreach Program
Capturing and Using Landfill Methane Helps communities capture and use the methane
generated in landfills Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and air
pollutants, reduces odor and improves safety Success Story: Riverview, Michigan
Facing dangerous landfill gas leaks Started partnership with Detroit Edison to collect and sell
landfill methane New revenue stream for city and local property values have
increased Closed landfill is now a recreation area
www.epa.gov/lmop
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eCycling Recycling Electronics
Plug-in to eCycling – Collect and reuse/recycle e-scrap including computers and cell phones Recycling reduces greenhouse gas emissions, reduce
pollution, and saves energy Recycling a million cell phones reduces greenhouse gas
emissions equal to taking 1,368 cars off the road for a year
EPEAT – Electronics Product Assessment Tool Greener purchasing of business computers Easy to use In 2007, EPEAT purchasing reduced 3.31 million metric
tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE) greenhouse gas emissions
www.epa.gov/plugin
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WaterSensePromoting Use of Water-Efficient Products
WaterSense labeled products use about 20 percent less water and perform as well as or better than their less efficient counterparts
Water utilities may adopt the program as part of a broader water efficiency strategy to help reduce water infrastructure needs and promote the label to customers
Local governments may become WaterSense Partners and promote WaterSense products
www.epa.gov/watersense
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Green BuildingsConstructing or Retrofitting Buildings to Improve Energy/Water Efficiency and Use
of Recycled Materials
www.epa.gov/greenbuilding
The impacts of building are significant: Nearly 40% of energy use and carbon dioxide emissions About 68% of total electricity consumption Nearly 60% of total non-industrial solid waste Over 12% of total water consumed
EPA is advancing green building practices by: Addressing market factors Implementing demonstration projects on green building
performance and benefits Working with communities to update codes and
ordinances Region 2 Green Construction and Operations
38Green InfrastructureManaging Wet Weather and Reusing
Stormwater
www.epa.gov/greeninfrastructure
Using technologies to infiltrate, capture and reuse stormwater such as: Building green roofs Promoting rain barrels Planting trees and other vegetation
Communities can support this effort by: Planning and implementing demonstration projects on
public sites Involving all city departments Updating codes and ordinances to create incentives
39Sustainable InfrastructureImproving Efficiency for Water and
Wastewater Treatment Energy represents 25 to 30% of a water or
wastewater plant’s total O&M cost Program’s goals include:
Reducing the need to treat water Promoting the ability to save/capture energy
Variety of programs available: WaterSense Green Infrastructure ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager Combined Heat and Power
Energy management guidebook for wastewater and water utilities available on line.
www.epa.gov/waterinfrastructure/bettermanagement_energy.html
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Green VenuesReducing GHGs at Meetings
Large gatherings create significant amounts of waste, energy, and water use
Green Venues works to minimize the environmental impacts of events and meetings
Benefits of the program Reduces GHG emissions Saves money Provides marketing and publicity advantages Promotes sustainability in the community
www.epa.gov/oppt/greenmeetings
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Urban Heat Island Cooling Communities
EPA’s UHI Program promotes methods to cool communities and: Save energy Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Improve air quality
Strategies for heat island mitigation include: Trees and Vegetation Green Roofs Cool Roofs Cool Pavements
www.epa.gov/heatislands
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Climate LeadersEncourage businesses in your community to
reduce GHGs
Industry-government partnership helps companies develop credible, comprehensive strategies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions
Partner companies receive technical assistance from EPA to: Develop a corporate-wide GHG inventory Set an aggressive reduction goal Report progress to EPA annually
www.epa.gov/climateleaders
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In Summary…
Climate change is a documented phenomena – human activity is a major contributor
Energy generation and use is the biggest piece of the puzzle
EPA is pursuing a regulatory action EPA encourages voluntary initiatives and
offers support
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Thank you!
John Filippelli
EPA Region 2 (NY, NJ, PR, VI)
[email protected] EPA’s Climate Change Web site:
www.epa.gov/climatechange