40
1 Examination For Examination For Accreditation In Public Accreditation In Public Relations Relations The Accreditation Process Prepared by the Universal Accreditation Board (UAB)
1
Examination For Accreditation Examination For Accreditation In Public RelationsIn Public Relations
The Accreditation Process
Prepared by the
Universal Accreditation Board (UAB)
2
About This PresentationAbout This Presentation
What the UAB is and does What’s new, what’s not How the Examination process was developed;
determining what to test and how to test it The candidate’s process Support materials for candidates and Accreditation
chairs The value of Accreditation in Public Relations
3
Examination For Accreditation Examination For Accreditation In Public RelationsIn Public Relations
What The UAB Is And Does
4
About The UABAbout The UAB
Formed in January 1998 Administered by PRSA Nine public relations organizations participate
Agricultural Relations Council Asociación de Relacionistas Profesionales de Puerto Rico Florida Public Relations Association Maine Public Relations Council National School Public Relations Association Public Relations Society of America Religion Communicators Council Southern Public Relations Federation, and Texas Public Relations Association
5
What The UAB DoesWhat The UAB Does
Develops and implements policies for the program Develops and maintains the Examination for
Accreditation in Public Relations Oversees the development of Examination
questions and answer keys Ensures content is based on the Body of
Knowledge Reviews appeal cases Grants Accreditation
6
Examination For Accreditation Examination For Accreditation In Public RelationsIn Public Relations
Readiness Review, Computer-based Examination
7
The Readiness ReviewThe Readiness Review Readiness Review
Includes a portfolio review and an advance questionnaire Assesses whether or not a candidate is ready to succeed on the
computer-based portion of the Examination Conducted locally by a Readiness Review panel
3 Accredited members Panelists coach each candidate
Determine his or her areas of strength, weakness Identify specific areas in which the candidate should focus
further study and direct candidate to specific prep resources Recommend to the UAB to advance or not to advance the
candidate to take the computer-based Examination Candidates may take the computer-based Examination only after
they have been advanced from the Readiness Review
8
The CBE is computer-delivered and scored The CBE is 100% multiple-choice questions The CBE takes three hours and forty-five minutes The testing process is administered by Prometric
The international testing organization that delivers CPA, Microsoft and many healthcare certification examinations
300+ locations in the U.S.
Results in weeks, not months
The Computer-based Examination The Computer-based Examination (CBE)(CBE)
9
Eligibility and FeeEligibility and Fee
Who is eligible? Members of PRSA, eight participating organizations Recommended 5+ years of paid, full-time professional experience,
or in teaching or administration of public relations courses in an accredited college or university
Fee is $385 PRSA rebates $110 to each PRSA member Other participating organizations may subsidize their
candidates Good “for life,” with fulfillment of maintenance of
Accreditation requirements and continued membership in participating organization
10
Examination For Accreditation Examination For Accreditation In Public RelationsIn Public Relations
How The Examination Process Was Developed:
Determining What To Test And How To Test It
11
OverviewOverviewOf The Development ProcessOf The Development Process
The process took three years Three world-class professional certification consulting
firms guided the UAB Massive qualitative and quantitative research efforts
determined what to test, that is, the Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (KSAs) required for successful practice
Thousands of hours were spent by hundreds of trained volunteers to develop and to test the Readiness Review process and the questions in the written portion of the Examination
12
What You Can Say With Confidence What You Can Say With Confidence About The Examination ProcessAbout The Examination Process
The development process employed current, state-of-the-art, best practices in professional competency and certification testing.
The current process is challenging, valid and reliably distinguishes between mastery and non-mastery of the public relations body of knowledge tested in the Examination.
Every step of the process has been tracked carefully and the entire testing process is legally defensible
13
Getting To What:Getting To What:WhatWhat To Test? To Test?
The first and most critical step in professional certification testing and certification is to define what KSAs must be mastered by successful candidates. In simple terms, “What does it take to succeed as a practitioner today?”
Once the “what” is defined, the process of testing those KSAs can be defined
The UAB conducted a landmark “practice analysis” in 2000 to determine the “what.”
14
A A VeryVery Brief Overview Brief OverviewOf The Practice Analysis …Of The Practice Analysis … In-depth interviews with public relations professionals were
conducted by a consulting firm in a number of settings — corporations, agencies, public sector/government, not-for-profit and solo practices
"Mini" focus groups with public relations professionals were conducted in corporations and agencies
Four full-scale focus groups with public relations professionals who work in a variety of settings were conducted
Information gathered in early interviews was used to revise questions for later interviews
Preliminary lists of KSAs were reviewed and revised by subject matter experts (SMEs) at multiple points in the process
15
A A VeryVery Brief Overview Brief OverviewOf The Practice Analysis …Of The Practice Analysis … Extensive literature review and other secondary research
included the PRSA Educators’ Section “Port of Entry” study
Quantitative research followed the qualitative phase Self-administered questionnaire in July 2000 3,500 sent, 1,147 included in sample for analysis
16
The Result Of The Practice Analysis:The Result Of The Practice Analysis:The KSAs Assessed In The Examination ProcessThe KSAs Assessed In The Examination Process
The new Examination process tests 60 specific KSAs in 10 areas of professional practice; 16 are tested in the Readiness Review, 44 in the computer-based examination:30% Research, planning, implementing and evaluating programs15% Ethics and law15% Communication models and theories10% Business literacy10% Management skills and issues10% Crisis communication management 5% Media relations 2% Using information technology efficiently 2% History of and current issues in public relations 1% Advanced communication skills
17
Getting To How:Getting To How:HowHow To Test the KSAs? To Test the KSAs?
More than 700 test questions or “items” were written By consultant-trained UAB members who, in turn, trained another
150 Accredited subject-matter experts Trained teams and individuals wrote questions for specific KSAs All questions in development were tracked in a central database
accessible to question writers After release by the author, each question was vetted by a peer for
appropriateness to the KSA for which intended, edited by an English editor for clarity and edited by a professional psychometrician for proper form
18
Getting To How:Getting To How:HowHow To Test the KSAs? To Test the KSAs?
Technical review Minimum 5-person panels, in 4-8-hour-long Web
conferences, reviewed each question for an average of 45 minutes each for clarity, lack of ambiguity, accuracy of source citation, appropriateness to the target level candidate and other factors.
Technical review panels were convened for 99 hours, with a total volunteer contribution of 500 hours’ time.
Under guidance of psychometrics experts
430 questions “survived” this technical review
19
Getting To How:Getting To How:HowHow To Test the KSAs? To Test the KSAs? 154 volunteers took a 6-hour Beta Examination of 399 questions in
Prometric facilities around the nation Each question in the beta examination was subjected to intensive
post-beta statistical testing for difficulty, discrimination and other factors
Under the guidance of a testing statistician, another expert panel of UAB members participated in the 8-hour process required to determine the “cut” or passing score
Beta testers were surveyed to confirm that the beta volunteer sample was demographically appropriate. It was.
Two statistically equivalent, 147-question “forms” of the examination have been created, with about 20% overlap of questions between forms. The “cut” score is 99.
20
Examination For Accreditation Examination For Accreditation In Public RelationsIn Public Relations
The Candidate’s Process
21
1.1. Apply Apply For EligibilityFor Eligibility Initiate process at personal discretion Print eligibility form from UAB Web site Submit completed eligibility form with payment to PRSA
$385 examination fee at time of application; or $410; $205 at time of application and $205 after candidate
advances Readiness Review Receive notification of eligibility from UAB through
PRSA Candidates have one year from eligibility approval to advance
Readiness Review and take the computer-based Examination Access Q&A, reference materials, local preparation
courses, mentoring and coaching
22
Download Readiness Review questionnaire Complete at your own discretion Three sections
Your organization and your role Your experience Your assessment of your readiness for the computer-based
Examination Request a Readiness Review via PRSA and/or local
Accreditation chair Submit four copies of questionnaire to local Accreditation
Chair, at least 15 business days in advance of the scheduled review
2. Complete Readiness 2. Complete Readiness Review Questionnaire Review Questionnaire
23
3. Participate In 3. Participate In Readiness ReviewReadiness Review Present portfolio and respond to interview questions Panelists score knowledge, skills and abilities in 16 KSAs Panelists help assess and direct the candidate’s study preparation PRSA notifies candidate to advance/not advance to computer-based
Examination If advanced, candidate receives unique ID # to be used to schedule
examination If not advanced, candidate may repeat the Readiness Review after 90 days
May appeal the result to the UAB after two re-takes of the Readiness Review
24
4. Request Coaching, 4. Request Coaching, Mentoring, Support Services Mentoring, Support Services
Request coaching, mentoring or other support services through Accreditation chair as desired. All local chapters and participating organizations have different schedules and resources.
Repeat steps #2 and #3 if another Readiness Review is needed
25
5. Schedule The Computer-5. Schedule The Computer-based Examinationbased Examination
Schedule Examination at your convenience at a Prometric testing center using unique ID # To locate a testing center, use Prometric’s Web site,
www.prometric.com or telephone 800-274-1900 Use credit card for payment At least 30 days in advance. Prometric has peak
demand periods. Check UAB Web site for details. Remember, candidates need to complete the
computer-based Examination before your one-year eligibility timeframe expires. Use it or lose it.
26
6. Take The Computer-based 6. Take The Computer-based ExaminationExamination At one of 300+ Prometric Testing Centers
Strengths and weaknesses tested in 44 knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA) areas
Receive immediate feedback Receive official pass/fail notice from PRSA within 2 – 4 weeks If passed, the Universal Accreditation Board may grant
Accreditation and notify you and your local Accreditation chair. You may opt to keep notification private.
Receive notice from Accreditation Chair of local celebration If retake is necessary, repeat steps #5 and #6
27
Examination For Accreditation Examination For Accreditation In Public RelationsIn Public Relations
Support Materials For CandidatesAnd Accreditation Chairs
28
Information Available At Information Available At www.praccreditation.orgwww.praccreditation.org
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs): Accreditation Program Candidates' Frequently Asked Questions Accreditation Chairs' Frequently Asked Questions
PRSA’s publications such as Tactics News releases Examination Preparation Sources (Study Guide link,
recommended texts for study, online study course) Candidate Process Chart Accreditation chair Process Chart
29
The Examination For Accreditation In Public Relations Readiness Review Candidate’s Written Submission Readiness Review FAQs
APR Chair Section List of Contacts Examination Application
More Information Available At More Information Available At www.praccreditation.orgwww.praccreditation.org
30
Examination For Accreditation Examination For Accreditation In Public RelationsIn Public Relations
The Value Of Accreditation In Public Relations
31
How Many Practitioners are How Many Practitioners are Accredited?Accredited?
Today, about 5,000 practitioners are Accredited 4,300 are members of PRSA.
32
What Is The PurposeWhat Is The PurposeOf Accreditation?Of Accreditation?
The purpose is to unify and advance the profession by identifying those who have demonstrated broad knowledge, experience and professional judgment in the field. The program seeks to improve public relations practice. The designation “Accredited in Public Relations (APR)” signifies mastery of the public relations body of knowledge and the holder’s commitment to ethical behavior.
33
People Become Accredited Primarily People Become Accredited Primarily To Enhance Their Careers And To To Enhance Their Careers And To Improve ThemselvesImprove Themselves
82% 81% 66% 53% 19%19%15% 3%
Enhance Career Growth Self Improvement
Increase Knowledge of the Field Improve Status With Peers
To Serve Leadership Role To Increase Salary
To Increase Chance of Promotion Employer Requires
34
What Drives the Increasing Demand for What Drives the Increasing Demand for Accredited Public Relations Professionals?Accredited Public Relations Professionals?
Members of UAB organizations want an increased focus on Accreditation
Employers are demanding more strategic, sophisticated communication counsel from their public relations staffs
Traditional public relations roles increasingly are being usurped by other consultants; practitioners want a meaningful distinction
There is a substantial demand for certification from public relations groups outside the U.S.
There is a growing reliance on professional certification as a hiring and promotion criteria in a range of industries and occupations in the U.S.
35
Does Accreditation Provide An Does Accreditation Provide An Economic Benefit to APRs?Economic Benefit to APRs?
Accredited public relations practitioners earn about 14% more than their non-accredited counterparts.*
Accredited respondents showed an average salary of more than $10,000 higher--$77,393 compared to $66,498. *
Source: 2003 Salary Survey as reported in the March 24 issue of PRWeek. *Other factors such
as years of experience, seniority can contribute to increased salary.
36
Why Earn the APR?Why Earn the APR?
APR is the strongest brand: UAB and APR represent more than 90% of all practitioners Accredited by any certification process in our field
Increasingly, there is a market distinction for APR holders
Most people do it for personal reasons Larger numbers of people holding the APR will
create a critical mass, stronger market awareness and increasing demand
37
What APRs Say . . .What APRs Say . . .
“[Accreditation has] tremendous value in making me look at the entire process of planning. It focuses you on public relations at a level way above tactics.” Greg Young, APR, Principal, GYPR, Rancho Santa Margarita, Calif.
“The process increased my understanding of the planning and strategy that goes into creating successful public relations campaigns versus the ‘it just happens’ syndrome.” Carol Crawford, APR, Principal, Crawford Communications, San Francisco, Cailf.Source: The Western District of PRSA 2000 survey of members.
38
What APRs Say . . .What APRs Say . . . “My APR experience has served me well. The greatest
impact of my APR experience has been in my day-to-day work life. The preparation for the test and the drill of actually taking the test provided a thorough review of the proper thought-processes involving public relations issues. The strategic planning process is probably one area that college programs do not emphasize enough. Additionally, my APR experience has strengthened my confidence in my ability to counsel senior management on all public relations issues.” Robert Stillwell, APR, Corporate Communications Executive, NV Energy, Las Vegas, Nev.
39
What APRs Say . . .What APRs Say . . . “It has enabled me to differentiate myself from other
public relations practitioners that do not have the APR credential . . . . Also, I find myself compelled to continue staying current in best professional practices, because I view the APR as a professional responsibility – to continue to strive for higher professional standards.” Elizabeth Pecsi, APR, Fellow PRSA, Director, Executive Communications, Unisys Corporation, San Diego, Calif.
40
Examination For Accreditation Examination For Accreditation In Public RelationsIn Public Relations
Discussion
