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Food Safety and Nutrition
in the Philippines
Assistant Secretary Maria-Bernardita T. Flores, CESO IIIExecutive Director, National Nutrition Council, DOH
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Outline
• Food safety concerns
• Nutrition situation
• Nutrition research agenda
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Food safety concerns
1. Microbiological contamination
• Staphylococcus aureus in hotdog, noodles, assorted cooked food
• Escerichia coli in assorted cooked food
• Salmonella in noodles and peanut butter
• Molds and yeast in cakes
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Food safety concerns
2. Presence of food contaminants
• Aflatoxin in peanuts, corn grits
• Presence of foreign matter and filth
• Allergens in hotcake mix
• Histamine in marine products
• Heavy metals in herbal food supplements
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Food safety concerns
3. Use of non-permissible food additives
• Borax, potassium bromate, sodium cyclamate, food color
• Melamine in milk
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Food safety concerns
4. Use of food additives beyond allowable limits
• Sodium nitrite, Sodium nitrate, Sulfur dioxide on jelly
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Actions taken by BFAD
• Continuous assessment of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) to check compliance
• Continuous review and development of food standards
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Actions taken by BFAD
• Requiring manufacturers to include label warning re: reaction to a certain ingredient
• Issuance of cease and desist orders (CDOs) to violators
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Food System
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Mean one–day per capita food consumption, in grams, Philippines, 1978 - 2003
886803869
897 915
0
250
500
750
1000
1978 1982 1987 1993 2003
Gra
ms
Source: National Nutrition Surveys: 1978-2003, FNRI
1275.0
68.0
86.3
91.4
57.1
60.1
99.2
98.3Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Iron (g)
Calcium (g)
Retinol Eq. (g)
Thiamin (mg)
Riboflavin
Niacin (mg)
Ascorbic Acid (mg)
1905
56.2
10.1
0.44
455.2
0.88
0.73
20.6
46.5
Mean one–day per capita energy and nutrient adequacy, Philippines, 2003 (FNRI, 6th NNS)
Nutrient Intake % Adequacy
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Mean one–day per capita food consumption, in grams, Philippines, 1978 - 2003
Food group and subgroup Consumption (gram), raw as purchased
1978 1982 1987 1993 2003
Cereals and cereal product 367 356 345 340 364
Starch roots and tubers 37 42 22 17 19
Sugars and syrups 19 22 24 19 24
Fats and oils 13 14 14 12 18
Fish, meat and poultry 133 154 157 147 185
Eggs 8 9 10 12 13
Milk and milk products 42 44 43 44 49
Dried beans, nuts and seeds 8 10 10 10 10
Vegetables 145 130 111 106 111
Green, leafy, yellow 34 37 29 30 31
Other vegetables 111 93 82 76 80
Fruits 104 102 107 77 54
Vitamin C-rich 30 18 24 21 12
Other fruits 74 84 83 56 42
Miscellaneous 21 32 26 19 39
Total 897 915 869 803 886
Source: National Nutrition Surveys: 1978-2003, FNRI
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Nutrition SituationUndernutrition Overnutrition
Preschool (0-5 yrs) 24.6 2.0
School-age (6-10 yrs) 22.8 1.6
Adolescents (11-19 yrs)
15.5 3.3
Adults (20 yrs & above) 12.4 23.9
Source: 2003 National Nutrition Survey and 2005 Updating of Nutritional Status of Children, DOST-FNRI
16Source: ACC/SCN (2000). Fourth Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Geneva: ACC/SCN in collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute.
Reduced mental capacity
Inadequate food, health, and care
BABYLow birthweight
WOMANMalnourished
PREGNANCYLow weight gain
CHILDStunted
ADOLESCENTStunted
ELDERLYMalnourished
Higher mortality
rateImpaired mental
developmentIncreased risk of
adult chronic disease
Untimely/inadequate complementary
feeding
Frequent infections
Inadequate food, health,
and care
Reduced mental capacity
Inadequate food, health,
and careHigher maternal
mortality
Inadequate food, health,
and care
Inadequate catch-up growth
Inadequate fetal
nutrition
Undernutrition throughout the life cycle
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Short- and long-term effects of early undernutrition
Early under-nutrition
in utero & childhood
Brain development
Growth & muscle mass
Body composition
Metabolic programming
of glucose, lipids, protein,
hormones/receptors/genes
Cognitive & educational performance
ImmunityWork capacity
DiabetesObesity
Heart diseaseHigh BP CancerStrokeAgeing
Source: Report of the ACC/SCN Commission on Ending Malnutrition by 2020
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Cause Per 100,000 Population
%
Rate Death
1. Diseases of the heart 79.1 16.5
2. Diseases of the vascular system 63.2 13.2
3. Malignant neoplasms 47.7 9.9
4. Pneumonia 42.7 8.9
5. Accidents 42.4 8.8
6. TB, all forms 36.1 7.5
7. COPD & allied conditions 20.8 4.3
8. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period
19.8 4.1
9. Diabetes mellitus 14.1 2.9
10. Kidney diseases 10.4 2.2
Ten leading causes of mortality, Philippines, 2000
Source: Philippine Health Statistics, 2000
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Double burden of malnutrition: unhealthy diets
• High fat, high sugar, refined carbohydrates, processed meat products, low in fruits and vegetables
• Urban dwellers
Higher income groups
• Low in protein, energy, micronutrients
Lower income groups
Underweight child and overweight mother
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Addressing the double burden of malnutrition
• Address undernutrition with interventions during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and first 2 years of life
• Prevent NCDs with interventions during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and infancy along with strategies for increased physical activity and other lifestyle changes
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Updated Medium-Term Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition, 2008-2010
• Focus on pregnant women and children 0-2 years old
• Population groups & areas highly affected or at-risk to malnutrition
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Updated Medium-Term Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition, 2008-2010
• Promotion of healthy lifestyle
– Promote healthy diet
– Smoking cessation
– Increased physical activity
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MTPPAN Research Agenda
1. Basis for formulating and implementing nutrition policies and programs
2. Development of new products and processing technologies including more nutritious foods and higher-yield crops
3. Ensure safe foods derived from biotechnology
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1. Determination of the cost-effectiveness of nutrition interventions
2. Testing & modeling of innovative interventions & delivery systems
3. Development of simple tools for nutrition program management at the local level
4. Child-caring practices of poor households with well-nourished children
Nutrition research agenda
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5. Formative & exploratory research related to complementary feeding, program for school-age children and adolescents
6. Exploratory studies on making nutrition labeling mandatory in the Philippines
7. Development of more nutrient-dense rice varieties; high yielding, high-protein fish varieties commonly consumed by the poor, and low-fat hog varieties
Nutrition research agenda
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8. Development of complementary food mixes
9. Determination of modes and levels of financing of nutrition programs and projects
10. Assessment of the effectiveness of• Accelerated Hunger-Mitigation Program• School feeding • Other nutrition programs
Nutrition research agenda
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Key points
• Vigilance is required to ensure safety of our food
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Key points
• Vigilance is required to ensure safety of our food
• The Philippines is facing a double burden of malnutrition
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Key points
• Vigilance is required to ensure safety of our food
• The Philippines is facing a double burden of malnutrition.
• Addressing undernutrition and diet-related non-communicable diseases requires interventions to prevent and address maternal and child undernutrition.
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Key points
• Vigilance is required to ensure the safety of our food.
• The Philippines is facing a double burden of malnutrition.
• Addressing undernutrition and diet-related non-communicable diseases requires interventions to prevent and address maternal and child undernutrition.
• The continuing challenge for scientists is to find ways of overcoming the double burden of malnutrition in an integrated manner.
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