1

GENE TRANSFER AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

CHAPTER 8

2

Gene Transfer

Vertical to offspring

Lateral (horizontal) to others in same generation

3

Bacterial Gene Transfer and Recombinant DNA Technology

Transformation– Griffith’s

experiment

4

Transformation

Mechanism

Significance

Recombination?

5

Transduction Mechanism

Significance

Transducing phages:p1, p22

Can be used in genetic mapping

http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/174/23/7876

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Conjugation Mechanism

Significance

Also used for mapping

Conjugation pilus

7

Plasmids

F plasmid (conjugation)

Resistance plasmids

Virulence plasmids

8

Plasmids (cont.) Tumor-inducing plasmids Agrobacterium tumefaciens and plants

Plasmids conferring novel catabolism

Degradation pathways on a plasmid

9

Genetic Engineering Genetic fusions reporter fusions promoter fusions

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Genetic Engineering

Protoplast fusion electroporation

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Genetic Engineering (cont.) Gene

Amplification

Recombinant DNA cloning

12

Applications

Medical

Industrial

Agricultural

Hybridomas

13

Risks and Benefits

Frankenstein?

Frankenfoods?

14

Recombinant DNA technology Plasmids- autonomous replicating extrachromasomal

DNA

restriction enzymes

15

Viral technology- phage cloning

16

Homologous recombination

Used to make geneknockouts in bacteria and yeast

17

Transposons - jumping genes

18

Evidence for extensive transfer of antibiotic resistance genes inBacteroides sp.

http://mcb.illinois.edu/faculty/profile/abigails