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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)at the Bank:

Toward an Action Plan

GIS Working Group:Regional Reps, DEC, GSD, ISG, OPCS, SDN

Spatial and Local Development Unit, FEU-SDN

Presentation to SDN CouncilNovember 28, 2007

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GIS at the BankThe agenda for our discussion

What is GIS? How can GIS benefit Bank Operations and Management? What is the problem? Why do we have now better chances to resolve it? Proposed directions for an Action Plan What does this mean for SDN? Next steps

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What is GIS?

A way of presenting and using information which is related to a specific

location or geographic area

GISGIS

Geographic Data

End-User Tools and Technologies

Enabling Infrastructure:

Licenses, Hardware, Networks

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Applications for models, spatial analyses, and decision support

Governance:Accountabilities, collaboration,

partnerships

Business Processes:Standards, Policies, Protocols,

Agreements

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Benefits of GISTo Operational Teams, to Corporate Management

Soils

Canals

Wetlands

•••

•••

Rivers

Data Visualization…Bank analysts, partners, and

clients can see where opportunities and constraints are and whether policy interventions may hit the right spots

Data Integration…Economists and sector specialists

can observe if factors and interventions in which they are interested coincide (or not) in space, using location as indexing factor

Spatial Analysis…Policy analysts can better

understand linkages and correlations between variables for improved policy impact analysis and coordination

Benefits of Use

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Visualizing ExampleImproper Focus for Addressing Policy

Significant improvements in national

level poverty reduction

Subnationally, high concentration of poverty in in the

west

But… World Bank projects

concentrated in the East

Poverty reduction at the national level Poverty mapping Location of WB

projects

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Visualizing ExampleImproved project management and fiduciary functions

Location referencing and condition survey including video logging enable better project planning, implementation, and performance reviews help to discourage corruption by releasing project information to the

public in a user-friendly format and allowing desktop reviews

Cambodia Road Management

(Bennett, EASTE)

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Data IntegrationVisualize needs and prioritize interventions

Africa Food Balance

Demand is subtracted from supply to derive food balance, showing areas of surplus and shortage (FAOSTAT, 1998).

Africa Water Balance

The model draws annual water demand from annual renewable water supply to estimate water balance (ESRI ArcAtlas and NOAA).

Food supply Water supply

Water demand

(-)

(+)

(-)

(+)

Prioritization of Ag, water resources management

projectsFood demand

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Uttaramerur Tank

Madurantagan Tank

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Soils

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RiversSpatial & Non-Spatial Analyses Models/Decision Support Systems

Spatial analysis and modelingTamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project

GPS, Remote Sensing, and Spatial Analysis crucial to the success of the project

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Spatial analysis and modelingClimate change impact on crop production

Long-term (2010–2039) changes in cropland share arising from changes in seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns (Lotsch, 2007)

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Then… What is the problem?

GIS has been used at the Bank over the past 20 years World Bank arguably one of the largest producers of geographic data

Coordination: Bank GIS highly dependent on isolated efforts – not well-coordinated, non-sustainable Data format and standards not always consistent No protocols for use and disclosure – fiduciary risk, opportunity

costs No institutional data repository – data get lost, duplicated GIS investment within projects and programs not tracked as a

portfolio line item – magnitude unknown, learning often lost Work relies on small dedicated group doing work ad hoc

Authorizing environment/incentives: Uneven senior management support

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Why can we succeed now?Changing external environment

IT rapidly developing – GIS tools and data more widely available at lower costs GeoInformation data accessible freely in public domains. Web based GIS applications available on the internet –

GeoSpatial One Stop, Conservation GeoPortal, ArcExplorer, Google Earth

Many are now promoting GeoInformation use UNEP, UNGIWG, UNGEGN, FAO GeoNetwork, WHO, OCHA OGC, ISO, CGIAR-CSI, CI, TNC, WRI

Growing global consensus on Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) GSDI

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450 Bank staff on GIS distribution list (> 80% respondents to ST survey asked to be added) 95% of the 2007 survey respondents (217) wanted to learn GIS High participation rates in GIS learning program Demands increasing on DECRG Spatial Lab Many interested in the “revitalized” GIS BBL series

People

Processes

Technology andInfrastructure

Data Increased installation of GIS S/W ISG certified PC-based GIS software (ArcGIS from ESRI) Several Internet Map Servers (IMS), such as Pegasys and Hotspots Increased number of GIS initiatives

DECRG GIS lab (data processing and analytical support) GSD Map Design (map design and clearance) Spatial Team in FEU-SDN (analytical tool design and policy analysis support)

More projects generating GIS data on the ground (e.g. transport, water…) More Teams interested in GIS-based analysis (e.g. E-E analysis…) More data platforms emerging (e.g. AICD)

…to grow further as a result of WDR 2009 and parallel regional projects, increased interest in geography-related challenges (e.g. climate change), and Spatial Team work.

Increased interest and demand – an opportunity and a challenge

Why can we succeed now?Changing internal environment

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Toward an Action Plan A coordinated, multi-dimensional approach is required for a well-functioning GIS system

Business Process

Data

Applications

Tools and Technologies

Enabling Infrastructure

People

Governance

However, the use of GIS at the Bank has been highly dependent on individual and isolated efforts, and not been institutionalized.

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Business Process

Data

Applications

Tools and Technologies

Enabling Infrastructure

Peo

ple

Govern

ance

• Lack of protocols and policies• Lack of institutional mandate to geo-reference information

• Lack of business sponsor• Lack of clear definition and distribution of responsibilities • Weak external partnerships

• Limited staff skills and knowledge • Insufficient staff guidance • Need for enabling environment and incentives

• Lack of metadata standards• Dispersion of data sources

• Licenses reaching capacity• No policy governing license use

Poor staff knowledge about application options Multiplicity of applications under development

• Fragmented and insufficient storage capacity• Outdating server capacity

Increasing demand will only exacerbate existing problems and supply constraints.

Toward an Action Plan What are the key issues?

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Toward an Action PlanInvolving key actors, setting clear responsibilities

GSDDEC

Networks

RegionsSignaling demand

Testing approachesSharing experience

SDNSpatial Team

DECRG

OPCS,Legal

Cartography Unit

ISG

Need to define…• Governance (nimble!)• Responsibilities (clear!)• Private/Public Goods