1 GIS for the Health Information Systems Project in AP, India - MIS 472 ISD/ IN364 Team 1,...

1GIS for the Health Information Systems Project in AP, India - MIS 472 ISD/ IN364 Team 1, 2003-05-02

MappingHealth information

- DHIS capability enhancement through GIS visualization -

- ”To support the development of an excellent and sustainable "health information system" that enables all healthcare workers to use their own information and

to improve the coverage and quality of healthcare within our communities” – through geographical visualisation

GIS for the Health Information Systems Project in AP, India - MIS 472 ISD/ IN364 Team 1, 2003-05-02

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Why Using Maps?

Human natural abilities to distingush and interpret colors, patterns, spatial relationships

Maps ability to provide distributions, relationships, and trends of data


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AGENDA:

Purpose, background and description of the suggested ‘3G-concept’ : GIS on three levelsto achieve necessary flexibility: GIS for health workers, analysis and data mngt, WWW.

- preliminary prototypes: (1) Maps in DHIS (Integrated Vis.) (2) Advanced analysis and map information

management (3) Internet ( Web based Vis.) Recommendations – next step


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Vision Statement

Enable Health workers to map their challenge, effort and improvements

Enable decision makers to get the bird's-eye view – and ability to zoom into actual details - the ‘individual‘ case.

To increase community awareness and participation in health care issues.


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The Challange

Client: “The project wants to use the GIS mapping AS A TOOL TO identify, analyze and monitor health systems performance. The project aims to develop a distributable version of GIS software with screens for data entry, generation of maps, and analysis of data. Any distributable version is free from licensing and helps to disseminate the software without paying heavy licensing fees and eliminates the complexities of the GIS software to the end user who are district management and state health management (at least 30 copies will be used) “


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Our approach

Evaluate existing GIS solutions Develop a concept that takes care of

critical aspects, (management of digital maps, avoid uneccesary complexities etc)

Deliver a concept for GIS in HISP – before putting to much effort in one single part of the overall solution

Contribute to an open-ended process Visit the client


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Goal and Objective

A combined solution: An integrated easy to use, flexible

solution that gives the health worker overview and ability to zoom in into details (according to clients demand)

A tool for management of map information (e.g. PHC coordinates) and advanced analysis.

Publication of Health information using maps

KISS – keep it small and simple


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Today’s Situation

Free, open source MS-Access based

Software,

Interface to GIS: ArcExplorer from ESRI (Free)


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Today’s Situation

ArcExplorer + enables visualization from

DHIS - complicated integration - poor data management (base

map etc) … should be considered as an

element in a the future solution

Axio Map (link) … has not been thoroughly

evaluated by us and should be considered as an interesting option

http://www.india-health.info/gis/ap/chittoor/main.htm


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How Did We Get Here?

ArcExplorer Free Well tested Stand alone GIS visualization Uses shape-files – industry standard

Axio Map Internet – makes information available Overview


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Suggested concept: “3G”

Internet

AdvancedGIS

”Maps in DHIS”Integrated map functionality in DHIS no runtime-licenses

Use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)

product. Two purposes:(a) Map data

management – as a common function in the HISP community

(b) Advanced analysis

ArcView 8 is tested and approved as a powerful solution

Next step: Appoint GIS ‘manager’ !

Fulfill Clients requirements !

Evaluated products: MapX, Geomedia

Objects, Map Objects.

Recommendation:Map Objects Light

Consider Arc Objects (not released yet)

Next step:Develop a common

DHIS GIS

- Make static and dynamic maps visualisation!

- Focus on information quality

- KISS Keep it small and simple

- Be prepared to introduce advanced solution (e.g. Arc Internet Map Server)on a common HISP-server.


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3 in 1-Model

Demographic, logistic, epidemiologic and other

analysis using area overlay techniques,

network analysis (e.g ArcView)

Demographic, logistic, epidemiologic and other

analysis using area overlay techniques,

network analysis (e.g ArcView)

Web publication retrieval: HTML, XML,

Web map server

(E.g. Axiomap, ArcIMS+ Arc Explorer)

Web publication retrieval: HTML, XML,

Web map server

(E.g. Axiomap, ArcIMS+ Arc Explorer)

DHIS with map component (e.g. MO):

Integrated visualisation

DHIS with map component (e.g. MO):

Integrated visualisation

3. Distribute & visualize

data/maps

2. Advanced analysis1. Data entry and reports


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The Development Process

Existing solution is regarded as first iteration in a spiral model (link)

Our contribution is part of the second iteration – should be completed with

Pilot project Running prototypesRealistic data, use of information and CBA

http://sunset.usc.edu/publications/TECHRPTS/1998/usccse98-512/usccse98-512.pdf


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(1a) Maps in DHIS

Preliminary Prototype developed in Access/VBA

Utilizes Map Object LT as a OCX-component

To be integrated in DHIS user interface


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StandardForm in

Access – with MO control objectStandard

MAP tools – should be customized to specific

use

(1b) Maps in DHIS


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IdentifyPHC

click

(1c) Maps in DHIS


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(1d) Maps in DHIS

Map Objects light, evaluation Fits well into existing DHIS application Well known development environment Well proved Cheap development environment Run-time free licences

Not suitable for: advanced analysis establishment and management of base maps


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(1e) Maps in DHIS

Next step Establish a small development team

with good VBA-skills Prepare work shops

With DHIS-developers With end users

Conduct a pilot project (to fulfill what we where supposed to achieve, see client’s challange)


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(2a) Advanced GIS

Advanced GIS serve two purposes: MAP information management

Initial establishment of suitable base-maps and presentations

Analysis prototypes that can serve as specifications for

GIS in DHIS Cooperation with Epidemiologists should be

established to utilise advanced modeling and disease control


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(2b) Advanced GIS

Example: Generate centroid in ArcView

'***************************************************************************** 'This script output the centroids of the first feature class feature (in position 0 in TOC) 'into the second feature class (in position 1 in TOC). 'The output feature class must be a ShapeFile. The first layer must be of type 'polygon and the second of type point 'Note : The Centroid is not always inside of the polygon. ' Uses the label point if you need a point always inside the polygon. '***************************************************************************** Private Sub GetPolygonCentroid() Dim pMxDoc As IMxDocument Set pMxDoc = ThisDocument 'Get the polygon feature Dim pFLayerPoly As IFeatureLayer Set pFLayerPoly = pMxDoc.FocusMap.Layer(0) Dim pFClassPoly As IFeatureClass Set pFClassPoly = pFLayerPoly.FeatureClass Dim pDatasetPoly As IDataset Set pDatasetPoly = pFClassPoly Dim pWorkSpacePoly As IWorkspace Set pWorkSpacePoly = pDatasetPoly.Workspace Dim pFCursorPoly As IFeatureCursor Set pFCursorPoly = pFClassPoly.Search(Nothing, True) Dim pFeaturePoly As IFeature Set pFeaturePoly = pFCursorPoly.NextFeature 'Verify if the first layer is of type polygon If Not pFClassPoly.ShapeType = esriGeometryPolygon Then MsgBox "Your first (in Position 0 in TOC)layer must be of type Polygon !" Exit Sub End If Dim pCentroidTemp As IPoint Dim pArea As IArea Dim pFLayerOut As IFeatureLayer Set pFLayerOut = pMxDoc.FocusMap.Layer(1) Dim pFClassOut As IFeatureClass Set pFClassOut = pFLayerOut.FeatureClass Dim pFeatureOut As IFeature Dim strVname As String 'Knut Dim strHabcode As String Dim idx As Long 'Knut 'Verify if the second layer is of type point If Not pFClassOut.ShapeType = esriGeometryPoint Then MsgBox "Your second (in Position 1 in TOC)layer must be of type Point !" Exit Sub End If 'Create an instance of point that will be reused for each polygon Set pCentroidTemp = New Point 'Loop over the polygon While Not pFeaturePoly Is Nothing 'Get the content of the two key fields idx = pFeaturePoly.Fields.FindField("VNAME") 'Knut strVname = pFeaturePoly.Value(idx) idx = pFeaturePoly.Fields.FindField("HABCODE") strHabcode = pFeaturePoly.Value(idx) Set pArea = pFeaturePoly.Shape 'Get a copy of the centroid point pArea.QueryCentroid pCentroidTemp Set pFeatureOut = pFClassOut.CreateFeature 'Store the centroid along with the two field values Set pFeatureOut.Shape = pCentroidTemp idx = pFeatureOut.Fields.FindField("HABCODE") pFeatureOut.Value(idx) = strHabcode idx = pFeatureOut.Fields.FindField("VNAME") pFeatureOut.Value(idx) = strVname pFeatureOut.Store Set pFeaturePoly = pFCursorPoly.NextFeature Wend End Sub

'***************************************************************************** 'This script output the centroids of the first feature class feature (in position 0 in TOC) 'into the second feature class (in position 1 in TOC). 'The output feature class must be a ShapeFile. The first layer must be of type 'polygon and the second of type point 'Note : The Centroid is not always inside of the polygon. ' Uses the label point if you need a point always inside the polygon. '*****************************************************************************

'Verify if the second layer is of type point If Not pFClassOut.ShapeType = esriGeometryPoint Then MsgBox "Your second (in Position 1 in TOC)layer must be of type Point !" Exit Sub End If

While Not pFeaturePoly Is Nothing 'Get the content of the two key fields idx = pFeaturePoly.Fields.FindField("VNAME") 'Knut strVname = pFeaturePoly.Value(idx) idx = pFeaturePoly.Fields.FindField("HABCODE") strHabcode = pFeaturePoly.Value(idx) Set pArea = pFeaturePoly.Shape 'Get a copy of the centroid point pArea.QueryCentroid pCentroidTemp Set pFeatureOut = pFClassOut.CreateFeature 'Store the centroid along with the two field values Set pFeatureOut.Shape = pCentroidTemp idx = pFeatureOut.Fields.FindField("HABCODE") pFeatureOut.Value(idx) = strHabcode idx = pFeatureOut.Fields.FindField("VNAME") pFeatureOut.Value(idx) = strVname pFeatureOut.Store Set pFeaturePoly = pFCursorPoly.NextFeature Wend


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2c ArcView

Flexible, Powefull, state-of-art GIS based on Arc Object

Dedicated applications can be developed –full licence (at the moment)


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(2d) Advanced GIS

Example: Edwin – Tanzania – is it published ?


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(2e) Advanced GIS

Recommendation & next step ArcView In the HISP community:

Recruit or train one AV-expert in each country Establish an international GIS-’team’ responsible

for standardization and application of GIS in HISP

Consider Arc Objects as an alternative to Map Objects


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(3a) Internet

Based on maps produced with ArcView and by utilizing ArcExplorer how can maps be published and made availlable for the community ?

Utilizing Arc Internet Map Server is an advanced solution, Axio Map is an alternative – but according to KISS – we have looked into an even simpler solution: link

http://folk.uio.no/arnemho/DHIS2/HomeDeliver2.htm


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Example-1


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Example-2


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Recommendation

Detail design and constructuion of the 3G concept –(could be done as student projects next semester/year) Each of the 3 levels can be done by

seperate teams-> 3 teams for full development

VBA group, Internet solutions group, GIS advanced analysis group)


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Group Challenges

Multiple solutions led to confusion Lack of sofware tools that were

needed. New concepts & Tool (eg. GIS,

ArcView,…) Lost contacts with Indian counterpart Timing of communication with the

client (too late and too little)

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