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GROSS ANATOMY OF KIDNEY/URETER&BLADDER

BYPROF. ANSARI8.30-9.30 am. 04-03-08, Tuesday. Lecture ( for BDS students)

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The excretory system

1.A pair of kidneys are located on posterior abdominal wall retro peritoneum.

2.Ureter is a tubular structure extending from the pelvi-ureteric junction to the lateral angles of trigone of bladder.

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The ureter & bladder

The ureter is about 25 cms long. It has 12.5 cms in abdomen & 12.5 cms in the pelvic cavity. The urinary bladder is a tetrahedral reservoir

of fibro muscular bag collecting urine from the kidneys through the ureters.

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The functional unit of kidney is a nephron, there are 1-2 million such units in a kidney.

Each kidney is reniform in shape. 11 cms X 5 cms. X3 cms …L x B x T Kidneys are enclosed in two capsules, false

and true capsules. Each kidney weighs approximately 120 g.

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Blood supply

Renal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta.

Accessory renal arteries may enter via upper poles /lower poles.

Renal veins empties in the IVC.

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Structures in the hilum of the kidney

From anterior to posterior.. Renal vein Renal artery And pelvis of the ureter most posterior.

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Frontal section of kidney

Cortex is external layer. Medulla is internal layer. Minor calyces and major calyces unite to

form the pelvis of ureter. Renal pyramids and renal columns are

features seen in frontal section.

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The urinary bladder

It is partially covered by peritoneum. It has an apex, a base and a neck. The bladder is made up of adventitia/serosa, Muscularis is made up of smooth muscles, The mucosa is having transitional epithelium.

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16 Interior of bladder

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Trigone of the bladder

Trigone of bladder is a triangular smooth area in the posterior wall of bladder.

The lateral angles are having the internal openings of the ureters.

The inferior angle has the internal urethral meatus.

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Blood supply of the bladder

Superior vesicle artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery.

Inferior vesicle artery is also from internal iliac/ in female bladder it is replaced by the vaginal artery.

The veins of the bladder drains in to the internal iliac veins.

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The sphincters of the bladder

Involuntary sphincter is sphincter vesicae.

Voluntary sphincter is sphincter urethrae.

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Thank you