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Heraldry-Coats of Arms in Coinage

By Xavier Pique

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• What is Heraldry- Background

• Where and when did Heraldry arise?

• Blazoning- Design The Coat of Arms

• Coats of arms in coinage 1200-Present

Introduction

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• Heraldry- A system for controlling the markings applied to armory and shields

• Provide easy, unique identification

• Useful in battle

• Assigned to Noble (King, Duke, Count)

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From the ninth to the early eleventh centuries(AD 800-1000), Western Europe suffered invasions

•Magyars from the east, •Muslims from the south, and •Vikings from the north

•Unrest ultimately spurred greater unity in England, Germany and Europe

•Lots of Warfare- Crusades (Starting 1095)

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• Heraldry arose, almost spontaneously throughout Europe

• In a short space of time between 1130-1160

• Coinciding with the development of more sophisticated armor

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• Landowners hired Knights to defend territory or make war in exchange for estates

• Heraldic markings adopted when the face became invisible behind closed helmets

• Many “Titled” landowner types existed:

Kingdom, County, Barony, Principality, Duchy, Bishopric, Imperial Free City, Papal State, Territory,

Commonwealth, Crown Colony, Palatinate, Landgrave, Margrave

• Each entity had a coat of Arms- Many issued Coinage

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Hedingham Castle- England Built 1140 AD

12 CENTURY SETTING

• No Electricity

•No Running Water

• Black Plague (1340)

• No Firearms (1420)

• No Printed Books (1436)

•Battles Waged on

foot or on horse

• Swords

• Bow and Arrow

• Spears

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ORIGINS OF HERALDRY- THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY 1066

Chronicles the Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. No Formal Coat of Arms

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Origins of Heraldry

The Enamel Plaque of Geoffroy Plantagenêt

Compte d'Anjou and du Maine (1113-51) and father of Henry II, king of England

•Markings on Shield

•Not Formal Coat of Arms

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Tomar, Portugal –Convento de Cristo

Tomb of Knight Templar circa 1160

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Codex ManesseLate 13th Century-Knights in Joust

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The Full Coat of Arms- Elements

Charge

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Blazoning- Designing and Describing a Shield

Per Fess Or and Sable, a Lion Rampant Gules

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History in Coat of Arms- SpainCastile

Leon

Aragon

Navarre

Granada

Bourbon

SupportersPillars&

Motto

Royal Crown

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Partitions and Colors of Shield

                                   

17Heralds- Officials in charge of controlling Coats of Arms-

Royal College of Arms- England- Est. 1484 by King Richard III

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The Earliest Coin displaying Coat of Arms

France- Louis IX The Saint 1226-1270 Gold (Ecu D’Or) 1260’s- RareSource: Barrie Cook, Numis. Curator, British Museum

http://gallica.bnf.fr/anthologie/page.asp?T2-2-8-MMA.htm

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Sicily- Federico II 1296-1337- Son of Peter III

Coat of Arms of House of Aragon (Peter III “The Great”)- Ruled Sicily (1276-1285)

Earliest Coins displaying Coats of Arms: 1250-1300

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T-17 Austria, Frederick the Handsome, 1308-1330, AR Pfennig Arms of Austria

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Schönvorst-Sichem 1391 Turnose groschen

Argent, Nine Roundels Gules

Arms of Reinier van Schoonvorst II - Belgium

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King Juan II of Castile, 1406-1454 AD, Dobla de la Banda, Seville Mint

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Aachen (Germany)

Turnose-groschen 1411

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Jean sans Peur (John the Fearless- Duke of Burgundy) (1404-1419)

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Bingen 1437 Goldgulden

Bingen am Rhein- Tower and City Arms

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Bacharach 1443 Groschen

The arms of the Palatinate (Province of HRE)

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GERMANY, Palatinate, Philipp, 1449-1508, dated Goldgulden 1493. The arms of the Palatinate, Mayence (Mainz), Trier and Cologne in a border

Mainz

Cologne

Trier

28Saxony 1469- Homgroschen

Shield and Full Arms of Saxony

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Prince electors of the Holy Roman Empire- 13th Century Archbishop of Cologne, Archbishop of Mainz, Archbishop of Trier, Count Palatine, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Brandenburg and King of Bohemia)

30Duchy of Brabant 1476 (Belgium) Double Briquet

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Prince Bishopric of Liege ( Belgium) 1478

Double Patard-

Fleur de Lis with Bend

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Brabant 1488 Double Patard Belgium.

33Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1467-77)

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Guldiner-

Sigismund Archduke of Austria/Tyrol (Shields of his domains) 1486

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Holy Roman Empire (minted at Dordrecht, Holland Gold Real (Grand Real d'Or) 1487

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Pomerania, Garz (Poland on the Baltic Sea) Schilling 1489

Argent, a griffin rampant or

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Wesel , Germany (Julich-Cleve-Berg) 1490  Groschen Coats of Arms- Duchy of Cleves;1600 Map detail- Julichwww.medievalcoinage.com

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SPAIN Castille & Leon Ferdinand & IsabellaSponsors of Christopher Columbus

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Henry Vlll Groat (1509-47) EnglandOrder of the Garter

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ALTDEUTSCHLAND Augsburg Germany. Batzen 1522.

Town arms- Swiss Pine Cone and column Pillar

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Edward VI of England (1547-53)House of TudorFine Silver- Shilling

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Phillip II Cob 4 Reales

1556-1598 Granada Mint

431599    France   1/4 Ecu    Henry IV       28 mm   silver   

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James 1 (House of Stuart England 1603-25)

Shilling, third coinage 1603

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1677 Salsburg, Austria Silver 1/6 Thaler – Archbishop Max Gandolph von Kuenburg, 1668-1687Ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire. St Rupert/Arms

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William and Mary England (1689-94)

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Spain -1714 PhilipV

8 Escudos Gold

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Spain- 1760 Charles III Pillar 8 Reales

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Switzerland-Bern, 1796, AR 1/2 Thaler

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1816  Danish West Indies  (now US Virgin Islands )   X Skilling    Denmark Coat of Arms

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Aargau, Switzerland- 1831

2-1/2 rappen

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United States- 1865

Double Eagle – Resembles coat of arms

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Chile 1872

One peso

54Australia- 1912 Threepence (1908 Coat of Arms)

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German Notgeld (Emergency Money) -Lugde 2 Marks 1921

http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/notgeld/Germany/Notgeldgng761_f.jpg

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Coat of Arms- Croatia/ 2 Kune 1941

Checquy argent and gules

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Denmark- 1967 1 Krone error coin

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1970- 4 Dollars St. Lucia

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Recap- Coats of Arms• Developed for Identification of Knights in

12th Century

• Evolved into Identification and Symbol of Nobility

• Adopted by Nations, States and Cities

• Still in use- powerful symbols full of meaning

• Over 8,000 Coins with Coats or Arms issued 1700-1998 - Most Common Symbol

Aldermaston, Berkshire England

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THE END

Bisham Abbey, Berkshire, England

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http://www.carantha.net/our_castles_part_i.htm

REFERENCES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kLNmOu6BtI

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armorial_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire

http://www.ngw.nl/http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/roygenea.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain

http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/germany.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor

http://home.eckerd.edu/~oberhot/ej1shbg.jpg

Heraldic Coats of Arms on Coins of the World, 1700–1998:Charler R. Hosch

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wordman/sets/1538048/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain#Catholic_Monarchs