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HVACR316 - PipingHVACR316 - Piping

Copper Tubing and FittingsCopper Tubing and Fittings

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SafetySafety

• Refrigerant cylinders should be stored and transported in the upright position to keep the pressure relief valve in contact with the vapor space inside the vessel, not the liquid inside the cylinder.

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• Refrigerant cylinders should be stored and transported in the upright position to keep the pressure relief valve in contact with the vapor space inside the vessel, not the liquid inside the cylinder.

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• Take all precautions to prevent tanks from falling over…

- the valve stem may break off, causing the tank to become a projectile

Pressure Vessels and Piping (2 of 2)

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SafetySafety

• Some technicians may apply heat to the refrigerant cylinders while charging a system to keep the pressure from dropping in the cylinder. This is an extremely dangerous practice. It is recommended for the above purpose that the cylinder of refrigerant be set in a container of warm water with the temperature no higher that 90 degrees F.

• Some technicians may apply heat to the refrigerant cylinders while charging a system to keep the pressure from dropping in the cylinder. This is an extremely dangerous practice. It is recommended for the above purpose that the cylinder of refrigerant be set in a container of warm water with the temperature no higher that 90 degrees F.

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SafetySafety

• If a leak develops and refrigerant is escaping, the best thing to do is stand back and look for a valve with which to shut it off. Do not try to stop it with your hands.

• If a leak develops and refrigerant is escaping, the best thing to do is stand back and look for a valve with which to shut it off. Do not try to stop it with your hands.

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SafetySafety

• Oxygen is under a great deal of pressure but should never be used as a pressure source to pressurize lines or systems. If there is oil or oil residue in the system, adding oxygen to pressurize will lead to an explosion.

• Oxygen is under a great deal of pressure but should never be used as a pressure source to pressurize lines or systems. If there is oil or oil residue in the system, adding oxygen to pressurize will lead to an explosion.

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• No matter what piping material is used in the installation of an air conditioning or refrigeration system, there will be places where the piping arrangement will need to make bends or turns around obstructions or be connected to other system components.

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• No matter what piping material is used in the installation of an air conditioning or refrigeration system, there will be places where the piping arrangement will need to make bends or turns around obstructions or be connected to other system components.

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Line Set Line Set

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• A variety of fittings are available to make these turns and connections possible. It may be necessary to connect a threaded section of piping material to another threaded section of piping or to a section of pipe that is not threaded

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• A variety of fittings are available to make these turns and connections possible. It may be necessary to connect a threaded section of piping material to another threaded section of piping or to a section of pipe that is not threaded

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• There are a number of fittings that are available in a variety of materials, including copper, black steel, galvanized steel, PVC, and ABS.

• The most commonly used pipe fittings include the following

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• There are a number of fittings that are available in a variety of materials, including copper, black steel, galvanized steel, PVC, and ABS.

• The most commonly used pipe fittings include the following

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• 90 degree elbows – Used to join two sections of the same size pipe at a 90 degree angle. The diameter of the female ends of the fitting is larger than the pipes to accommodate the pipe sections.

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• 90 degree elbows – Used to join two sections of the same size pipe at a 90 degree angle. The diameter of the female ends of the fitting is larger than the pipes to accommodate the pipe sections.

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• 90 degree reducing elbows – Used to join two sections of different size pipe at a 90 degree angle.

• 45 degree elbows – Used to join two sections of the same size pipe at 45 degree angle.

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• 90 degree reducing elbows – Used to join two sections of different size pipe at a 90 degree angle.

• 45 degree elbows – Used to join two sections of the same size pipe at 45 degree angle.

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Elbows: 90 degree and 45 degreeElbows: 90 degree and 45 degree

90 degree45 degree

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• 90 degree street elbows – Used to make a 90 degree bend in a piping circuit. One end of the fitting is female to accept a section of piping material, while the other end is the same size as the piping material itself. Commonly referred to as a street fitting

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• 90 degree street elbows – Used to make a 90 degree bend in a piping circuit. One end of the fitting is female to accept a section of piping material, while the other end is the same size as the piping material itself. Commonly referred to as a street fitting

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• 45 degree street elbows – Used to make a 45 degree bend in a piping circuit. One end of the fitting is female to accept a section of the piping material, while the other end is the same size as the piping material itself.

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• 45 degree street elbows – Used to make a 45 degree bend in a piping circuit. One end of the fitting is female to accept a section of the piping material, while the other end is the same size as the piping material itself.

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Street elbows: (90 and 45 degrees)Street elbows: (90 and 45 degrees)

Street 90 Street 45

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• Female adapters – In the HVAC industry, the most common female adapter joins a male threaded pipe section to a section of copper pipe or tubing. The female adapter screws onto the male pipe, providing a means by which a copper pipe can be connected to the circuit.

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• Female adapters – In the HVAC industry, the most common female adapter joins a male threaded pipe section to a section of copper pipe or tubing. The female adapter screws onto the male pipe, providing a means by which a copper pipe can be connected to the circuit.

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• Male adapters – In the HVAC industry, the most common male adapter connects a female threaded fitting to a section of copper pipe or tubing. The male adapter screws into the female thread, providing a means by which a copper pipe can be connected to the circuit.

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• Male adapters – In the HVAC industry, the most common male adapter connects a female threaded fitting to a section of copper pipe or tubing. The male adapter screws into the female thread, providing a means by which a copper pipe can be connected to the circuit.

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Threaded adapters: (Male and female)Threaded adapters: (Male and female)

Male adapter Female adapter

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• Unions – Three piece components used to connect two sections of similar pipe that may need to be disconnected in the future. Unions are also commonly used to repair existing piping circuits.

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• Unions – Three piece components used to connect two sections of similar pipe that may need to be disconnected in the future. Unions are also commonly used to repair existing piping circuits.

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UnionsUnions

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• Couplings – Similar to unions, couplings are used to connect two sections of the same size pipe. The main difference between the two is that couplings permanently join the two sections.

• Reducing couplings – Used to connect two sections of pipe that are not the same size.

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• Couplings – Similar to unions, couplings are used to connect two sections of the same size pipe. The main difference between the two is that couplings permanently join the two sections.

• Reducing couplings – Used to connect two sections of pipe that are not the same size.

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Couplings: (standard and reducing)Couplings: (standard and reducing)

Standard Reducer coupling

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• Tees – Used to connect three sections of piping material. The three sections may or may not be the same size

• Tees – Used to connect three sections of piping material. The three sections may or may not be the same size

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Tees: (Standard and reducing)Tees: (Standard and reducing)

Standard Reducing Tee

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Copper Tubing & FittingsCopper Tubing & Fittings

• Caps – Used to terminate a pipe in the circuit. The cap fits over the outside of the fitting.

• Plugs – Used to terminate a pipe in the circuit. The plug is typically made with a male thread and fits inside a fitting with a female thread.

• Caps – Used to terminate a pipe in the circuit. The cap fits over the outside of the fitting.

• Plugs – Used to terminate a pipe in the circuit. The plug is typically made with a male thread and fits inside a fitting with a female thread.

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Ball valvesBall valves

Sweat ball valve NPT ball valve