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InterpersonalInterpersonal
Non-VerbalNon-Verbal
Most nonverbal behavior is not codified. . .a particular behavior can have many
meanings. . .depending on the user’s
• personality,• family influences,• culture,• the context of the communication,• or, the relationship of the nonverbal behavior
to the verbal message. Pg. 115
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The words we use
Actions, vocal qualities, and activities that typically accompany a verbal message
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Verbal Verbal CommunicationCommunication
Nonverbal Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication
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93%93%of emotional meaning of messages is nonverbal.
Mehrabian (1972)
Show Off Time
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Affective
Ambiguous
Continuous
Multi-channeled
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Group Activity
Substitute
Complement
Contradict
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VerbalCommunication
When nonverbal and verbal
contradict, we tend to accept the nonverbal
inference.
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1. Facial expression and eye contact2. Kinesics (body motion) 3. Proxemics and personal space 4. Artifacts5. Touch (haptics)6. Paralanguage7. Chronemics (time) 8. Physical characteristics
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Everything
except the
words!
Everything
except the
words!
Men & women have different nonverbal rules.
What can men do that women can not? (nonverbally)
What can women do that men can not? (nonverbally)
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Mrs. Doubtfire
1. Emblems2. Illustrators3. Affect display4. Regulators5. Adaptors6. Courtship readiness cues:
1. Preening behavior2. Positional cues3. Actions of appeal or invitation
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Nonverbal gestures that take the place of a word or phrase
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IllustratorIllustratorssNonverbal gestures that
complementwhat a speaker is saying
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Facial expressions and gestures that augment the verbal expression of feelings
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RegulatorRegulatorssFacial expressions or gestures that
are used to control or regulate the flow of a conversation
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Body motions that are used to relieve tension
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Is everyone awake?
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5 Students have used up their 3 absences!
Smiling is one of a very limited number of “pancultural” nonverbal behaviors.
• Intensify• Deintensify• Neutralize• Masking.
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Intensify – exaggerate our facial expressions to fit the situation, i.e. smiling at a wedding.
Deintensify – when we want to control or subdue an expression, when you found out you got into law school and your friend did not.
Neutralize – avoid showing any facial expressions to appear neutral, i.e. judges at a gymnastic event.
Masking – when you want to conceal our real emotion, i.e. when your significant other buys something and you want to conceal your anger by looking excited.
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Activity
Example # 1
Example # 2
Example # 3
Mask
Deintensify
Neutralize
Masking32
Example # 1 Example # 2
Masking
Intensify
Neutralize
Deintensify33
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Of the face the eye communicates more than
any other feature.
“Our faces are the windowsto the world.”
The majority of people in the United States and other Western cultures expect people to look them in the eye when communicating.
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• Japanese direct their gaze to a position around the Adam’s apple.
•Chinese, Indonesians, and Mexicans lower their eyes as a sign of deference.
•Arabs look intently into others’ eyes showing keen interest.
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Pitch Volume Rate Quality
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Vocal communication minus the words
Touching and being touched are essential to a healthy life
Touch can communicate power, empathy, understanding
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What message do you wish to send with your choice of clothing and personal grooming?
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How do you dress?1. Comfort &
protection2. Modesty3. Cultural Display
What artifacts do you display?
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How do we manage and react to others’ management of time• duration• activity• punctuality
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Polychronic and monochronic variations of time exist within cultures. Should we ask polychronics to conform in the workplace?
Our sense of smell is very personal.
Our sense of smell often dictates how we perceive others from different cultures.
Variations:• Deodorants• Soaps• Perfumes• Body lotions
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Intimate distance, up to 18”, is appropriate for private conversations between close friends.
Personal distance, from 18”- 4’, is the space in which casual conversation occurs.
Social distance, from 4’ – 12’, is where impersonal business such as job interviews is conducted.
Public distance is anything more than 12’
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Your office Your desk A table in the
cafeteria that you sit at regularly
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Yellow cheers and
elevates moods
Red excitesand
stimulates
Blue comfortsand
soothes
In some cultures
black suggests mourning
In some cultures
white suggestspurity
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Nonverbal Nonverbal SignalsSignalsVary from culture to
culture
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In the United States it is a symbol for good job
In Germany the number one
In Japan the number five In Ghana an insult In Malaysia the thumb is
used to point rather than a finger
48-Atlantic Committee for the Olympic Games
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We need to monitor our own nonverbalcommunication and exercise care in interpreting that of others.
Independently read pages 125-6, “Nonverbal Expectancy Violation Theory.” Consider its implications.
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