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1. Introduction to Computers1. Introduction to Computers
M. Shakeel Anjum[[email protected]]
Department of Business Management SciencesUniversity of Agriculture, Faisalabad
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Introduction to the CourseIntroduction to the Course• Acquiring the basic knowledge of Computer
system, Hardware Components and Software Packages
• Using Windows Operating system• Using Microsoft Office• Using Internet in Daily Life• Perform basic Windows administration• Basic knowledge of Computer Networks
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Evolution of Computing DevicesEvolution of Computing Devices• 1833, Design of Analytical Engine• 1939, ABC (First Electronic Computer)• 1943, Harward-Mark-1 (Based upon the design of
Analytical Engine)• 1946, ENIAC (For US Military, consisting of 19000
Vacuum Tubes, Dimensions 9’x200’)• 1951, UNIVAC (First Commercial Computer)• 1971, Intel-4004 (First Microprocessor as powerful as
ENIAC, Computes 2000 instructions/second)• 1981, IBM-PC shipped with MS-DOS• 1984, Apple-MAC shipped with GUI
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What is a Computer?What is a Computer?
[Norton] An Electronic Device that processes Data and converts it into Information that is useful
for People
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Parts of Computer SystemParts of Computer System• Hardware – Physical parts of the computer
• Software – Instructions to the computer
• Data – Raw facts the computer can manipulate
• People – also known as users
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Parts of Computer SystemParts of Computer System
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Computer HardwareComputer Hardware• Physical components of the computer• Any part of the computer you can touch
– Processor– Memory– Input and Output Devices– Storage Devices
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Output
Storage
Input
Processor
Input andOutput
Memory
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
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Computer SoftwareComputer Software• Electronic Instructions to the computer. Also
known as a ‘program’.• These Instructions are written in some language
which computer can understand. E.g. – Assembly Language– Java– C++– Visual Basic– VB.Net, etc.
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Types of Computer SoftwareTypes of Computer Software• System Software• Application Software
Both works together to produce useful output.
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System SoftwareSystem Software• Operating Systems
– MS DOS, Windows 9x, NT, Vista, 7– IBM OS/2, OS 390/400– Apple MAC– Linux / Unix– Google Chrome OS– MAC OS-X, Android, Symbian
• Disk Utilities– Fdisk, PartitionMagic
MicrosoftWindows
Linux
Apple Mac
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Application SoftwareApplication Software
• ERP• MIS• CRM• Word Processing• Spreadsheets• Presentation• Databases
• Graphics• Multimedia• Games• Anti Virus• Firewalls• Communications• Project Management
• Mission Critical System• Decision Support System
• Productivity Software• Entertainment Software
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Productivity Software PackagesProductivity Software Packages• Word Processing• Spreadsheets• Presentation• Databases• Desktop Publishers• Website Builder• Project Management• Emailing• Instant Messengers
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Word ProcessingWord Processing
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SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets
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PresentationsPresentations
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DatabasesDatabases
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Desktop PublisherDesktop Publisher
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Website BuilderWebsite Builder
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Project ManagementProject Management
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EmailingEmailing
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Instant MessengersInstant Messengers
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Types of ComputersTypes of Computers
• Supercomputer
• Mainframe Computer
• Minicomputer
• Microcomputer
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SupercomputersSupercomputers
Columbia
Sequioa
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Mainframe ComputersMainframe Computers
IBM VAX II
IBM 704
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MinicomputersMinicomputers
IBM MicroVax
Shuttle XPC
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MicrocomputersMicrocomputers
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MicrocomputersMicrocomputers
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Two Computer GiantsTwo Computer Giants
Steve Jobs Bill Gates
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Who Uses Computers?Who Uses Computers?
• Military• Scientists• Doctors• Educators• Engineers• Architects• Businesses
• Developers• Designers• Musicians• Filmmakers• Bankers• Stock Ex.• Stores/Malls
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Computer Setup in Today’s BusinessComputer Setup in Today’s Business
Manager CEO
Salesman Salesman Salesman Salesman Salesman
Mainframe
Internet
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Computer Usage at Stock ExchangeComputer Usage at Stock Exchange
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A Militant’s ComputerA Militant’s Computer
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A Robodoc at Cardiographic SurgeryA Robodoc at Cardiographic Surgery
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CAD Applications for ArchitectsCAD Applications for Architects
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Computers in Software DevelopmentComputers in Software Development
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• List the four parts of a computer system.• Identify four kinds of computer hardware.• List the two major categories of software and
exemplify each• List some of the productivity software packages• List the four most common types of computers
available today• List some of the professions in which computers are
routinely used and their effect on day-to-day work
Lecture ReviewLecture Review