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LPG STORAGE AND BOTTLING FACILITY IOCL TIRUNELVELI PLANT

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd is an Indian state-owned oil and gas corporation

with its headquarters in New Delhi. IOCL has set up LPG bottling plant i.e. Tirunelveli

Bottling Plant with a LPG bottling capacity of 1,20,000 MTPA at SIPCOT Industrial

Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu State.

The bulk LPG storage & bottling facility (Indane LPG bottling plant) comprises LPG

storage of 1800 MT and LPG throughput of 1,20,000 MTPA through 2 LPG Filling

carousels and is located at B37/pt to B43/pt, B50/pt, B51/pt, C30 to C41 in SIPCOT

Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan Village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District Tamil Nadu.

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited at above location has been established after

obtained Consent to establish under water and Air Acts from TNPCB vide consent

order No. 6045 & 5985 dated 18.09.2012 (Annexure II). Consent to Operate was

obtained vide consent order No. 23108 & 19145 dated 07.04.2015 (Annexure III) and

not yet commissioned/operated as Environmental Clearance was not yet obtained. So,

the project has been notified under violation as per the Ministry of Environmental Forest

and Climate Change Notification, 14-15 march 2017. IOCL has applied for post facto

Environmental Clearance for the bulk LPG storage & bottling facility from Ministry of

Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MOEF&CC) on 23rd January 2018. The proposal

was discussed in 6th Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2) (Violation) meeting held

during 19-20th April, 2018 and the ToR was granted on 21st May 2018.

The EIA Report was prepared with a detailed study on assessment of Ecological

damage, remediation plan, natural and community resource management plan on the

basis of the TOR issued by MoEF&CC vide letter number F. No. 23-86/2018-IA.III (V)

(Annexure I)

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

LPG will be transported through bullet trucks from M/s Indian Oil Petronas Pvt.

Ltd. to the B ulk LPG storage & bottling facility. The bottling plant has a storage

capacity of 1800 MT (3 x 600MT) installed as mounded facilities. The bottling plant

will be operated as storage of LPG & packing facility for LPG into 5kg, 14.2kg, 19kg &

47.5kg cylinders. No by-products / additional products will be generated /

manufactured during the operations. The bottling capacity of IOCL Tirunelveli Plant



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will be 1,20,000 MTPA with two LPG cylinder filling carousels each having 24 filling

points within the plant.

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT

IOCL is the world's 137th largest corporation, according to the Fortune Global 500 list,

and the largest public corporation in India when ranked by revenue. IOCL is the

highest ranked. Indian company in the latest Fortune ‘Global 500’ listings, ranked at

the 137th position in 2018. IOCL is one of the seven Maharatna status companies of

India. No.1 Trading Company among the national Oil Companies in the Asia Pacific

region.

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.4.1 Nature, Location & Size of the Project

IOCL’s Indane Bottling Plant located at S.F Nos. B37/pt to B43/pt, B50/pt, B51/pt,

C30 to C41, C24/pt to C27/pt at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan

village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District, Tamil Nadu. LPG will store bulk LPG in mounded

bullets (3 x 600 MT storage capacity). The bottling capacity of LPG plant is 1, 20,000

MTPA.

1.4.2 Need for the Project and Its Importance

There is an urgent requirement of setting up a new LPG bottling plant in the state of

Tamil Nadu to meet the increasing LPG demand. Presently, there is no IOCL bottling

plant in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, and

Kanyakumari. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much

necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above

districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not

suffer for LPG refills on any account.

The bulk LPG storage & bottling facility will be feeding LPG cylinders not only to

Tirunelveli District, but also other to neighbouring districts namely, Tuticorin,

Kanyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State. The LPG

bottling plant will reduce the gap in demand and supply of LPG.

1.5 SITE CHARACTERISTICS

1.5.1 Location

The Google Earth image showing the project site is given in Figure 1.1. The location



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of project site is represented in the Figure 1.2.

Figure 1-1 Google Image of the Project Site

Figure 1-2 Map Showing the Location of the Project site

1.5.2 Connectivity

The project site is well connected by road and rail network. The project site is

located adjacent to NH 7 which connects Varanasi & Kanyakumari. Gangaikondan



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Railway Station is located at the distance of 4 km (E). Tuticorin Airport is located at

the distance of 33.55km (SW). The map showing the road network around the site is

given in Figure 1.3.

1.5.3 Environmental Settings

The area of the Bottling Plant is around 42 Acres. The topography and land use of the

project site and its surroundings area covering 10 km radius are given in Figures 1.4 &

1.5 respectively. Environmental settings are presented in Table 1.1.

Figure 1-3 Map Showing the Connectivity around the Project Site



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Figure 1-4 SOI Top sheet (5 km & 10 km Surrounding Project Site)



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Table 1-1 Environmental Settings of the Project Site

S. No. Particulars Details

1 Latitude 8°49'50.10"N

2 Longitude 77°44'41.27"E

3 Site Elevation above MSL 60 m

4 Topography Plain

5 Present land use at the site Industrial

6 Nearest highway National Highway 7 – 850m (SE)

7 Nearest railway station Gangaikondan Railway Station –

4km (E)

8 Nearest airport Tuticorin Airport – 33.55 km (SW)

9 Nearest town / city Tirunelveli city – 13km (S)

10 Water body Tamirabarani river – 5.9km (SSE)

Gangaikondan kulam – 3.8km (ENE)

Indira kulam – 7km (NE)

Mannur pond – 11.3km (W)

Nainarkulam lake – 11.2km (SSW)

11 Nearest Port Tuticorin Port – 46km (ESE)

12 Hills / valleys Nil in 15km radius

13 Archaeologically important

Places

Nil in 15km radius

14 National parks / Wildlife Sanctuaries / Eco sensitive zones as per Wild Life Protection Act, 1972

Gangaikondan spotted deer Sanctuary - 0.92km (E)

15 Reserved / Protected Forests Thalaiyuthu RF – 919m (W)

Melpattam RF – 6.6km (S) 16 Seismicity Zone II according to the Indian

Standard Seismic Zoning Map

17 Defence Installations Nil in 15km radius

1.6 APPROACH METHODOLOGY

The primary objective of the EIA study is to internalize and integrate the

environmental concerns / aspects and mitigation measures due to the LPG bottling

plant.

The EIA study for the LPG bottling plant has been carried out with the following

objectives:

Collection of baseline attributes in study area. The EIA will cover one season



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baseline environmental data, as per the guidelines of MoEF&CC. The scope

includes collection of baseline data to identify the various environmental

parameters such as air, water, soil, noise levels, socio - economic factors, land

use factors, the status of the flora - fauna and wildlife in the adjoining areas of

the project site.

Identification, prediction, evaluation & mitigation of biophysical, social & other

relevant effects of development on the environment during the operational phase

of the LPG plant using mathematical / simulation models as per applicable Indian

law.

Preparation of risk assessment & emergency preparedness / disaster

management plan for the project.

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be adopted for

mitigation of the anticipated adverse impacts of the LPG Plant during operational

phase.

Delineation of the post project environmental quality monitoring program as

per the requirements of the regulatory authorities.

1.6.1 Study Period

For preparation of EIA report of the LPG bottling plant, the data was collected

during the season (February 2018 to April 2018) from the study area. The micro

climatic parameters were recorded using automatic weather station for the study

period. Wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity were recorded on hourly

basis. Minimum & maximum temperatures were also recorded during the study

period.

1.7 NEED FOR EIA

As per EIA Notification S.O. No 1533 issued on 14th September, 2006 and its

subsequent amendments the project is falling under Schedule 6(b) – Isolated storage &

handling of hazardous chemicals and ‘Category A’. Gangaikondan Spotted Deer

Sanctuary is located within 5 Km, of project site and attracts General Conditions,

Hence this project requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC. Accordingly,

the EIA Report has been prepared based on the Terms of Reference (As per the

Violation Notification S.O.804 (E) dated 14.03.2017) issued by MOEF&CC on 21st May

2018.



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1.8 SCOPE & METHODOLOGY

1.8.1 Scope of EIA study

An area of 10 km radius from the LPG bottling plant has been considered as the general

study area for conducting detailed studies / baseline data generation. 10 Km radius

map of the study area on Google earth and survey of India toposheet are shown in

Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.4, respectively.

The scope of the EIA study is as follows:

• To undertake environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline

environmental status of the environmental components

• To identify pollution loads due to various activities

• To evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the

study area by using widely accepted environmental impact assessment

methodologies.

• To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining the

measures for improving the environmental quality and for environmentally

sustainable development.

• To prepare post project monitoring plan to monitor the changes in the

environmental quality after the implementation of the project.

1.8.2 Methodology for EIA Study

To assess the baseline status of environment, monitoring locations were selected,

keeping in mind the micro-meteorology, season and existing sources of pollution in

the area. Different environmental attributes for their various parameters were

monitored and analyzed during the study period (February 2018 to April 2018).

Secondary data collected from different Govt., Semi-Govt. Agencies and other agencies

were compiled, interpreted and presented. The scope of the study also includes a

detailed characterization of various environmental components like air, noise, water,

meteorology soil, ecology (flora & fauna) and socio- economic conditions within an

area of 10 km radius around the LPG bottling plant.

1.9 SITE SELECTION

The IOCL constructed LPG bottling plant in SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre,

Gangaikondan Village, Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu state, which is located in



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the industrial area. Gangaikondan spotted deer sanctuary is within 5km radius of

the Project site and there is no other national parks and bird sanctuaries within 10

km radius of the LPG plant.

1.9.1 Air Environment

Ambient air quality data within 10 km radius were collected during the study period.

Taking into account micro- meteorological conditions, sampling sites were identified.

Fugitive emissions in the work zone environment and storage area were

monitored. The project is not expected to increase atmospheric concentration of

gases & will not result in heat islands. In this bottling plant, no chemical process is

involved. It will involve, receipt, Storage and bottling of LPG. This LPG from bullets

will be subsequently filled to LPG cylinders.

Seven ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected within the study area, one

monitoring station at LPG plant site and six monitoring stations located around the

LPG plant. The parameters selected for ambient air quality monitoring are respirable

particulate matter (PM10 & PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2),

hydro carbon (HC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), all the parameters were

monitored on 24 hour cycle

1.9.2 Water Environment

Information on water resources was collected during the study period. The critical

parameters of prime importance were selected and analyzed under physical and

chemical (inorganic and organic), aspects. Ground and surface water samples were

collected from different locations.

Approximately 4 KLD of water is required for domestic and sanitation purposes. There

will not be any diversion of water from other users due to LPG plant. Rain water

harvesting facilities has been provided to collect the annual rainfall. Storm water

is connected to the rainwater harvesting system. Plumbing has been done in such a way

that waste water is used for gardening at the plant.

1.9.3 Noise Environment

Noise pollution may cause an adverse effect on human beings and associated

environment including land, domestic animals, wild life and natural ecological systems.

Hence, noise level surveys were carried out at LPG plant site and at different

locations within the study area around the project. The measurements were taken



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at LPG plant boundaries, residential places like villages and noise sensitive areas

like schools, hospitals etc.

The physical description of sound concerns to its loudness as a function of frequency.

Sound pressure levels (SPL’s) are measured in decibels on the A-weighted scale, dB

(A), where the A-weighting scheme accounts for the sensitivities of the human ear over

the audio spectrum.

1.9.4 Land and Soil Environment

The studies were undertaken to characterize and describe the land environment and

various components in terms of land use and cropping patterns, physico-chemical

properties of soils etc. Soil samples were collected and analyzed.

The silent features around the LPG bottling plant site are given below (site key plan

enclosed):

• Total plot area is 42 Acres of which greenbelt has been developed in 13.86

Acres

• There is no likely impact of the activity on the existing facilities adjacent to the site,

such as open spaces, community facilities, details of the existing land use,

disturbance to the local ecology.

• There will not be any land disturbance resulting in erosion, subsidence &

instability.

• This project will not involve alteration of natural drainage systems.

• Based on the contour of the site, it will involve removal of top soil and cutting and

filling based on the facilities requirement and drainage scheme, which has done at

the detailed engineering stage. Excavated soil were not transported outside and

are utilized within the site.

• There are no wet lands around the site and only industries are mainly located

in the vicinity.

1.9.5 Biological Environment

The study of biological environmental was based on physical observations of the

species in the study area. The Functional Area Expert and supporting team visited the

area and collected the data on flora and fauna, forestry and wildlife, as well as the

avian scenario of the project study area.



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1.9.6 Socio-economic Environment

Compilation and collection of requisite type of socio-economic environment data were

undertaken, such as, demographic pattern, population density per sq.km and economic

status, educational facilities, medical facilities, health status transport and

communication, entertainment etc. Socio-economic data were collected from villages

falling within a radius of 10 km of the study area also.

1.9.7 Likely Impacts on the Environment

The LPG plant of IOCL involving the storage and filling of LPG cylinders, can directly

or indirectly affect the environment, so the following environmental dimensions have

been studied in detail to analyze the resulting impact on environment as a whole:

• Air Environment

• Noise Environment

• Water Environment

• Land Environment

• Biological Environment

• Socio Economic Environment

The assessment of above environmental impacts have been carried out and discussed

in the subsequent chapters of EIA Report. Accordingly, various safeguards have been

suggested to ensure that the potential impacts are mitigated and conform to the

prescribed limits.

1.9.8 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

The project will involve storage of Bulk LPG, filling and supplying of LPG Cylinders.

The EIA study will suggest measures to mitigate adverse environmental impacts

from project operations. Mitigation or enhancement measures will be recommended

for various environmental components, wherever considered necessary. EMP will

describe pollution control measures for air, water and noise, ecology as well as

management of solid wastes, if any.

Environmental Management Plan will also reviews the adequacy of various pollution

control measures envisaged in mitigating various environmental impacts identified.

EMP has been prepared describing administrative aspects of ensuring that

mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness is monitored.



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1.9.9 Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan

Risk is defined as the unwanted consequences of a particular activity in relation

to the likelihood that this may occur. Risk Analysis thus comprises of two variables,

magnitude of consequences and the probability of occurrence of accident. The DMP

followed by Risk Analysis from LPG bottling plant has been prepared, which will help

in identifying the vulnerable points and possible hazards. For meeting the

emergencies caused by major accidents, planning response strategies are termed as

Disaster Management Plans (DMPs). Risk analysis and disaster management plant

have been prepared and incorporated in EIA Report.

1.10 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT

The generic structure of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for

LPG bottling plant is as follows,

Executive Summary in the beginning

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Project Description

Chapter 3: Description of the environment – present scenario of the land,

soil, air, meteorology, water, noise, biology and socio - economic environment

Chapter 4: Anticipated environmental impacts and its mitigation measures

Chapter 5: Alternative Analysis

Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Chapter 7: Risk Assessment

Chapter 8: Disaster Management Plan

Chapter 9: Project Benefits

Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan

Chapter 11: Ecological damage, remediation plan and natural & community

resource augmentation plan

Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultant

CAPACITY EXPANSION OF IOCL TIRUNELVELI TOP PLANT

CHAPTER 2 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION

IOCL has set up the Bulk LPG Storage & Bottling Facility plant at SIPCOT Industrial

Growth Centre near Gangaikondan village in Tirunelveli district. The plant will

function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling unit for filling into domestic

and industrial cylinders. The plant will store LPG in 3 mounded bullets of 600 MT

capacity each and total LPG bottling throughput will be 1,20,000 MTPA. The bottling

throughput will be achieved by installing two LPG cylinder filling carousels each

having 24 filling machines within the plant.

2.2 LAND REQUIREMENT

The total area occupied by bulk LPG storage & bottling facility is approximately 42

Acres and has been leased to M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. The LPG plant

layout is represented in Figure 2.1.

The land use break-up is given in Table 2.1.

Table 2-1 Land Use Breakup

S. No. Land use parameter Area

1. Plant building area 1.73 Acres

2. Non-plant building area 2.26 Acres

3. LPG Storage area 0.8 Acres

4. Truck Parking Area 6.7 Acres

5. Driveway & pathway area 1.48 Acres

6. Future expansion area 8 Acres

7. Green belt development area 13.86 Acres

8. Open area 7.17 Acres

9. Total Area 42 Acres



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Figure 2-1 Site Layout Plan



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2.3 MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

The bulk LPG storage & bottling facility has a consented LPG bottling throughput of

1,20,000 MTPA and bulk LPG storage capacity is total 1800 MT (3 mounded

bullets x 600MT capacity). LPG throughput details are given in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: LPG Throughput

Bulk LPG storage facility

LPG bottling throughput

3 x 600 MT (mounded bullets) 1,20,000 MTPA

Prior to commencing construction activities IOCL have obtained Consent to

Establish from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) vide Consent Order

No. 6045 & 5985 dated. 18.09.2012 (enclosed as Annexure II). Subsequently IOCL

obtained Consent to Operate from TNPCB vide Consent Order No. 23108 &

19145 dated 07.04.2015 and valid upto 31.03.2016 (enclosed as Annexure III).

M/s IOCL have also obtained Petroleum & Explosives Safety Organization (PESO)

License for the mentioned quantity of LPG storage (enclosed as Annexure IV) and

NOC from Tamil Nadu Fire & Rescue Services, Tirunelveli Circle (enclosed as

Annexure V). Now applied for EC to commence the operation of the plant.

2.4 DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS

The bulk LPG storage & bottling facility at SIPCOT Gangaikondan village is operated

by IOCL. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling unit

for filling into various size cylinders. The plant operations are categorized as,

1. Receipt of LPG

a. Transfer of LPG from M/s Indian Oil Petronas Pvt. Ltd. (M/s IPPL)

through bullet trucks

b. Truck unloading

c. LPG transfer to storage bullets

d. Storage of LPG in bullets

2. Receipt of Empty LPG Cylinders & Segregation

3. a. Bottling

i. Pumping of LPG to filling shed

ii. Bottling of LPG cylinders

iii. Quality check on filled cylinders

b. Loading into Trucks

4. Dispatch

a. Loading of filled cylinders in trucks



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b. Supply & distribution to consumers through Authorized Vendors

I. Receipt of Product

LPG dosed with mercaptan will be received from M/s IPPL through bullet trucks.

There are 8 nos of Tank Lorry Decantation (TLD) Bays for the purpose of unloading

of bullet trucks and LPG will be stored in mounded vessels (3 x 600MT storage

capacity).

II. Receipt of Empty LPG Cylinders & Segregation

Empty LPG cylinders will be received from vendor trucks & faulty cylinders will be

segregated at the point of receipt and diverted towards valve refitting section.

III a. Bottling

LPG from storage bullets will be pumped to LPG filling shed (2 carousels having 24

filling machines each). Cylinder bottling will be the primary process to be carried

out. After filling, each cylinder is subjected to quality check for LPG leaks.

IV. Dispatch

Filled cylinders will be loaded into respective Authorized Vendor trucks and

dispatched. Cylinders that are damaged are stored separately and subsequently

sold as scrap metal (after cutting) to authorized scrap dealers.

The process flow chart for LPG filling is shown in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2-2 Process Flow Chart



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2.5 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

LPG for the bottling plant will be received from M/s IPPL through bullet trucks.

The mass balance for the bottling capacity has been detailed in Table 2.3:

Table 2-2 Mass Balance for LPG Bottling Throughput

Flow Rate (cum/hr)

Hours of operation

(day-1)

LPG bottling (Tons/day)

Number of Days working (per month)

Total throughput

(MTPA)

85 8 374 26 1,20,000

2.6 INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE FACILITY

The lists of equipments present at the bottling Plant are as given in Table 2.4:

Table 2-3 List of Equipments / Facilities & Number

S. No Equipment Total Number Capacity

1 LPG Pumps 2 85 cum/hr

2 LPG Compressors 2 3.85 cum/min

3 Screw Air Compressors 2 500 cum/hr

4 Mounded Bullets 3x600 MT 1800 MT

5 DG Set-1 1 750 kVA

6 DG Set-2 1 250 kVA

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Automatic Filling Type Carousal

2 24 Point 1600-

1800 Cycle/hr

8 Fire Engines 3 615 cum/hr

9 Jockey Pumps 2 10 cum/hr

10 Loading Arms 8 -

11 Air Dryer 1 540 Nm3/hr

12 Evacuation Compressor 1 165 Nm3/hr

13 Evacuation Vessel 2 1 cum

14 Valve Changing Without Evacuation 2 -

15 Air Receiver-1 1 1.5 cum

16 Air Receiver-2 1 0.5 cum

17 Security Air Compressor 2 -

2.6.1 Description of Mounded Bullets

The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground

storage vessels since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and

eliminates the possibility of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The

Cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in



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close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. The area of land required to locate

a mounded system is minimal compared to conventional storage. Excavation up to a

depth of 0.75 m is done for construction of mounded bullet foundation (below FGL).

Cathodic protection through sacrificial anode method has been provided for all the

three bullets to prevent them from corrosion. The Photographs of mounded bullets are

as shown in Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4.

Figure 2-3 Photograph of Mounded Bullet

Figure 2-4 Photograph of Mounded Bullet from Side



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2.7 POWER REQUIREMENT

The power requirement for LPG bottling plant operations is 450 kVA, which will

be sourced from TNEB. The D.G sets will be used to meet the power requirement

during grid power failure. Details of DG sets are given in Table 2.5:

Table 2-4 Details of D.G sets

S. No. Capacity Number Fuel used Stack height (m) Stack dia (in)

1 750 1 HSD BS IV

13.5 12

2 250 1 HSD BS IV 6

2.8 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

The total manpower requirement is 75 persons as given in Table 2.6 which

includes the following:

Table 2-5 Manpower Requirements

S. No. Grade Number

1. Officers 6

2. Workmen (Blue Collar) 9

3. Contract Labourers 40

4. Security 15

5. Electrical personnel 5

Total 75

2.9 WATER REQUIREMENT

Total water requirement for the LPG plant is 4 KLD, which will be sourced through

SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village. The permission letter is

enclosed as Annexure VI. Water balance table & diagram for the LPG bottling

plant are given in Table 2.7 and Figure 2.5, respectively:

Table 2-6 Water Balance Table

S.

No.

Domestic water requirement

(KLD)

Industrial water

requirement (KLD) Domestic sewage

generation (KLD)

Wastewater from

process /

cylinder washing

(KLD)*

Cylinder washing

1 3 1 2.4 0.8

Total 4 3.2

* Note – Wastewater generated from cylinder washing will be primarily dirty water with suspended

solids. After sedimentation, this water will be reused for cylinder washing. There will be no process

/ trade effluent generated during operations.



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Figure 2-5 Water Balance Chart

2.10 POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

No emissions will be generated during the operations as the entire bottling process

will be carried out through close circuit piping from storage area to filling shed.

The only point sources of emissions will D.G sets & Fire Engines, which will be

operated intermittently.

D.G sets & Fire Engines have been fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse

the pollutants. Details on air pollution control equipment details are as given in bellow.

Table 2-7 Details on Air Pollution Control Equipment

S.

No. Source of emission

Control

measure

Material of

construction

Top

diameter

Height

above

GL (m)

1 750 kVA D.G set &

250 kVA D.G set

Stack height as

per CPCB

guidelines

MS Pipe 12” & 6” 13.5

2 Fire engines (3 nos.)

Stack height as

per CPCB

guidelines

MS Pipe 6” 11

2.11 WASTEWATER GENERATION

From the bottling plant, 2.4 KLD sewage will be generated, which will be disposed

through septic tanks & soak pits having dimensions 2 m x 1.5 m x 1.5 m. Washing

water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps and

clarified waste water will be reused for cylinder washing. The dimension of the sump is

2m x 1.5m x 1.5m.



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2.12 SOLID WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL

No industrial solid waste will be generated during the bottling process. Damaged

cylinders will be segregated & stored on site prior to disposal as metal scrap. Used

oil generated as hazardous waste from D.G set operation will be disposed to TNPCB

Authorized Used Oil Recyclers.

2.13 DETAILS ON FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM AND SAFETY MEASURES

The leakage of LPG is monitored through gas monitoring sensors (GMS) that has

been installed at strategic points inside the plant premises. At present there are

35 Nos GMS sensors that have been installed, which is connected to a PC in the control

room for monitoring the leak levels. The sensors will give initial alarm at 20% lower

explosive limit (LEL) and continuous alarm at 60% LEL so that the leakage can be

controlled before the concentration of LPG reaches its LEL. Fire water storage tanks

(3 x 2500 KLD) are shown in Figure 2.6.

Figure 2-6 Fire Water Storage Tanks (3 x 2500 KLD)

The records will be analyzed on daily basis by the concerned officer and faults will

be rectified on immediate basis. All the persons working inside the LPG plant

premises will be mandated to wear protection devices such as safety shoes and safety

helmets in order to protect them from fatal injuries. Safety week is p l a n n e d t o

b e celebrated every year to create awareness among persons in order to develop a



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good culture. To monitor the health of people working in plant a doctor will also be

appointed who visits the plant three times a week and free checkups will be carried

out for all the persons in the plant. The list of fire protection equipments is shown in

Table 2.9 and fire hydrant layout is shown in Figure 2.7.

Table 2-8 List of Fire Protection Equipments

S.

No Description

Requirement

as per OISD

Availability

at site

1.

Portable 10 kg DCP Fire Extinguishers LPG storage vessel (2 per vessel)+water

drain

7 7

LPG cylinder shed (2 per 200 Sqm) 64 64

LPG pump house (2 per 50 Sqm) 10 10

T.L.D (1 per bay) 8 8

Other pump houses (FPH & ACH) 2 2

Office 2 2

Canteen 3 3

Total 10

1

101

2.

4.5 kg CO2 Fire Extinguishers

PMCC(2 per 100 m2) 4 4

DG room 2 2

HT room 2 2

Transformer room 2 2

Battery Room 2 2

S&D and Control Room 2 2

Fire trolley 1 1

Total

3.

Sand bucket with stand in PMCC 1 1

Sand bucket with stand in DG room 1 1

Sand bucket with stand in HT yard 1 1

Total 3 3

4

100% spare CO2 cartridge-200g 10

1

101

100% spare CO2 cartridge-2kg 5 5

50% Min. spare DCP bags-10kg DCP 50

5

510

50% Min. spare DCP bags-75kg DCP 18

8

190

5

75 KG DCP Fire Extinguishers

Filling Shed 1 1

LPG Pump House 1 1

Mounded storage Bullet 1 1

TLD 1 1



23

Evacuation area 1 1

Total 5 5

6. Trolley with suitable first-aid Fire Preventive

Accessories

1

1

7

Reinforced Rubber-lined hoses 63 mm 52 52

50% spare hoses 13 17

Total 65 69

8

Jet Nozzles 26 26

Jet Nozzles in stores 2 2

Spare jet nozzles with branch pipes 2 2

Spare fog nozzles 2 2

Spare universal nozzles 2 2

Spare water curtain nozzles 2 2

Spare spray nozzles 2 2

Multipurpose nozzles 2 2

9 Safety Helmets 15 15

10 Hose Boxes (Alternative hydrant points) 26 26

11 Stretcher with blankets 2 2

12 First Aid Boxes 5 3

13 Rubber Hand Gloves (Electrical) 2 pairs 2 pairs

14 Low temp. rubber hand gloves (LPG) 4 pairs 4 Pairs

15 Low temp. protective clothing (LPG) 2

sets

Nil

16 Explosimeter 2 2

17 Fire Proximity Suit 1 1

18 Resuscitator 2 2

19 Red & Green Flags 2

sets

2 sets

20 Self-Containing Breathing Apparatus 1 1

21 Water Jet Blanket 2 2

22 Hand operated siren 8 8

23 FLP torches 4 4

24 ETB 6 6

25 MCP 10 10

26 GMS 35 35



24

Figure 2-7 Fire Hydrant Layout



25

2.14 RAINWATER & STORM WATER DRAINAGE NETWORK

Rain water harvesting system for Tirunelveli LPG project has been designed to utilize

the under-ground water system sustainably. Keeping in mind the depleting water

table in the region, storm water drains has been engineered in such a way that rain

water can be collected into two rain water harvesting tanks placed at strategic

locations so that underground water can be recharged.

Sizes of rain water harvesting tanks are 2 X 4 m with depth of 5 m and have been filled

with brick bats to collect the water in case of heavy rain. Since much of the plant area

including Truck parking area has been covered with RCC roads and bitumen roads,

drains have been maintained to collect the storm water & rain water and using the

natural slope of plant, waters will be collected to rain water harvesting tank. The total

cost of rain water harvesting system is Rs.25.0 Lacs, excluding the cost of drains. The

storm water layout is shown in the following Figure 2.8.

Figure 2-8 Rainwater Harvesting Tanks



26

Figure 2-9 Storm Water Layout



27

2.15 PROJECT COST

The cost for setting up the LPG Bottling Plant at SIPCOT, Gangaikondan village is estimated

as Rs. 78.58 Crores.


CHAPTER 3 – DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

28

3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The baseline environmental studies have been conducted to determine the existing

status of various environmental attributes viz., climate and atmospheric conditions,

air, water, noise, soil, hydro geological, land use pattern, ecological and socio-

economic environment, prior to commence the bulk LPG storage & bottling facility.

This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of

the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of

the LPG plant site.

3.2 SCOPE OF BASELINE STUDY

An area, covering a 10 km radius distance from the project site is considered as the

study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on water, air, land,

flora, fauna & socio- economic data were collected by a team of functional area

experts. Secondary data was collected from various departments of state/central

government organizations, semi- government. Table 3.1 gives various

environmental attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and

Table 3.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for various

environmental attributes.

Table 3-1 Environmental Attributes

S. No.

Attribute

Parameter

Source of Data

1 Climatology & Meteorology

Wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, rainfall and temperature

Indian Meteorological Department and Site specific information

2 Water Quality Physical and chemical parameters

Monitored Data (Surface water – 2 locations and ground water- 5 locations)

3 Ambient Air Quality

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, NH3, VOC, O3, CO, Pb, Benzene, Benzo(a) Pyrene, Arsenic and Nickel

Monitored Data (7 locations)

4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB (A) Monitored Data (6 locations)

5 Ecology Existing terrestrial flora and fauna within the study area

Field survey and Secondary Sources

6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources



29

7 Soil Soil types and samples analysed for physical and chemical parameters.

Analysis of soil samples at five locations

8 Socio- economic aspects

Socio-economic characteristics of the affected area

Based on field survey and data collected from secondary sources

9 Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories

Secondary data

Table 3-2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology

Attributes Sampling Measurement

Method Remarks

Network Frequency

A. Meteorology

Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature

Project site

Continuous for 3 months

Weather monitor with data base

A. Air Environment

Particulate Matter

(PM10)

Requisite locations in the project influence area

24 hourly- twice a week for 3 months in non- monsoon season

Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

As per CPCB standards under 18th November 2009 notification for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Particulate Matter

(PM2.5) Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) EPA Modified West & Gaeke method

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Arsenite Modified Jacob & Hochheiser

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC)

--

EPA Method TO - 17

Hydrocarbon -- IS 5182: Part 12: 1991

Benzene (C6H6) 24 hourly- twice a week for 3 months in non monsoon

IS 5182: Part 11: 2006

Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP)

IS 5182: Part 12: 1991

Lead (Pb) IS 5182 Part 22: 2004

Arsenic (As) IS 5182 Part 22: 2004

Nickel (Ni) IS 5182 Part 22: 2004



30

Ammonia (NH3) season Indophenols blue

method

Ozone (O3) KI Absorption Method

Carbon Monoxide Gas Analyser (NDIR)

B. Noise

Hourly Equivalent

Noise Levels

Requisite

locations

in the

projec

t influence

area

Once Instrument : Noise

level meter

IS 4954 : 1968

C. Water

Parameters for water

quality: pH,

temperature,

turbidity, total

hHardness, total

alkalinity, chloride,

sulphate, nitrate,

fluoride, sodium,

potassium,

electrica

l conductivity,

ammonical

nitrogen

, nitrate-nitrogen

Total

phosphorus, BOD,

COD, calcium,

magnesium, total

dissolved solids,

total suspended

solids

Set of

samples

at

requisite

locations

for ground

an

d surface

water

Once

Samples for water

quality collected and

analyzed as per IS :

2488 (Part 1-5)

methods for sampling

and testing of

Industrial

E f f l u e n t s and

Standard Methods for

examination of water

and wastewater

analysis published by

American Public

Health Association.

D. Land Environment

Parameter for soil

quality: pH, texture,

electrical

conductivity, organic

matter, nitrogen,

phosphate, sodium,

calcium, potassium

and magnesium.

Requisite

soil

samples be

collected as

per BIS

specificatio

n within

project

influence

area

Once

season in

Collected and analyzed

as per soil analysis

reference book,

M.L.Jackson

E. Biological Environment



31

Terrestrial & Aquatic

Flora and Fauna

Requisite

locations

in the

projec

t influence

area

Once

season in

Collected and analyzed

as per IUCN Red

Data book.

3.3 RAINFALL & CLIMATE

The district receives the rain under the influence of both southwest and northeast

monsoons. The northeast monsoon chiefly contributes to the rainfall in the district.

Rainfall data from IMD stations over the period 1901-2000 were utilized and a perusal

of the data shows that the normal annual rainfall over the district is 879 mm. It is

the maximum around Senkottai, Sankarankoil and all along the coast and it

decreases towards inland. The areas around Ambasamudram, Tirunelveli and

Kadayanallur receive minimum rainfall.

The district enjoys a sub-tropical climate. The period from May to June is generally

hot and dry. The weather is pleasant during the period from December to January.

The relative humidity is on an average between 51 and 74%. The mean minimum

temperature is 21°C and means maximum daily temperature is 36°C respectively.

Average rainfall data for last 5 years is shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3-1 Average Rainfall of Last Five Years

Wind rose for the month of February, March & April 2018 are given in Figures 3.2,

3.3 and 3.4 respectively.



32

Figure 3-2 Wind Rose for Month of February 2018



33

Figure 3-3 Wind Rose for Month of March 2018



34

Figure 3-4 Wind Rose for the Month of April 2018



35

3.4 DRAINAGE

Thamirabarani, Nambiar, Chittar and Karamaniar are the important rivers draining the

district. Thamirabarani originating from Papanasam, flows through the district. The

Nambiyar River originates in the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats near

Nellikalmottai about 9.6 km west of Tirukkurugundi village at an altitude of about

1060 m amsl. The drainage pattern of area in general is dendritic.

The drainage map (10 km) of the project site is given as Figure 3.5.

Figure 3-5 Drainage Map (10 km) of the Study Area

3.5 GEOMORPHOLOGY

Tirunelveli district is bordered by Western Ghats (Ridge and valley complex) in the

west. A major part of the district constitutes a plain terrain with a gentle slope

toward east and southeast, except for the hilly terrain in the west. The general

elevation of the area varies from less than 10 to 1408 m amsl (Tulukkaparai hill range).

The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of

satellite imagery are Structural Hill, Bazada zone, valley fill, flood plain, pediment,

shallow buried pediment, deep buried pediment and coastal Plain.



36

3.6 SOIL

Soils of the area have been classified into:

1) Deep red soil

2) Red sandy soil

3) Black cotton soil

4) Saline coastal Alluvium

5) River Alluvium

Major parts of the area are covered by deep red soil and are found in Sivakasi,

Tenkasi, Senkottai and Sankarankoil blocks and it is suitable for cultivating coconut and

palmyra trees. Red sandy soil also in reddish yellow in colour and are found in

Nanguneri, Ambasamudram, and Radhapuram blocks and it is suitable for cultivating

groundnut, millets and pulses etc., The black cotton soil is found in Tirunelveli,

Palayankottai and Sankarankoil blocks, and it is suitable for cultivating paddy, ragi, and

cholam etc., The saline coastal alluvium are dark grey to deep brown in colour and

spread over the Nanguneri and Radhapuram blocks. The River alluvial soils occur along

the river courses of Thamirabarani and Chittar River covering in the blocks Tirunelveli

and Palayankottai and it is suitable for cultivating Groundnut, Chillies and Cumbu.

3.7 GROUND WATER SCENARIO

3.7.1 Hydrogeology

The district is underlain by both porous and fissured formations. The important

aquifer systems in the district are constituted by i) Weathered and fractured hard rock

formations of Archaean age. ii) Porous sedimentary formations ranging in age from

Tertiary and Recent.

The porous formations are found as small patch in the southeastern part of the

district and include sandstones, limestones, laterite and clays from Tertiary to

Quaternary. Isolated occurrence of calcareous sandstone and fossiliferous limestone are

seen in coastal area on the southeastern side. The fossiliferous limestone is found

south west of Kudankulam covering an area of 3 sq. km. Laterites are exposed as

patches along Radhapuram-Edakkadu, Vijayanarayanam-Kumarapuram, Ittamoli,

Nanguneri and Uramozi area. Beach sand occurs as a patch along the coast with a

width varying from 50 to 250 m in Idindakarai-Ovari belt. The river alluvium is found



37

along the river courses and the thickness of alluvium is restricted to 5 to 6m.

The exploration in sedimentary tract has revealed that the depth to basement occurs at

a depth of 120 m bgl and granular zones are encountered between the depths of 20 to

92 m bgl. The yield of bore wells varies from 1 to 4.5 lps. The aquifer at the

shallow depth is under unconfined condition and aquifer at depth is under semi-

confined to confined condition. The shallow aquifer is developed through dug wells

and deeper aquifer through tube wells. The dug well can sustain a pumping of 4 to 6

hours while the tube wells can sustain a pumping of 6 to 8 hours.

The water-bearing properties of crystalline formations, which lack primary porosity,

depend on the extent of development of secondary intergranular porosity. These

aquifers are highly heterogeneous in nature due to variation in lithology, texture and

structural features even within short distances. Ground water generally occurs under

phreatic conditions in the weathered mantle and under semi-confined conditions in

the fissured and fractured zones at deeper levels. The thickness of weathered zone in

the district is in the ranges up to 30m bgl.

The yield of large diameter wells in the district, tapping the weathered mantle of

crystalline rocks ranges from 0.8 to 4.2 lps and are able to sustain pumping for 3 to 5

hours per day. The specific capacity of large diameter wells tested in crystalline rocks

ranges from 0.4 to 5 lps. of drawdown. The yield characteristics of wells vary

considerably depending on the topographic set-up, lithology and nature of weathering.

The groundwater exploration in the district down to a depth of 200m bgl has revealed

that in the western part of the district potential fractures are encountered beyond

100m bgl while in the rest of the area, potential fractures are restricted to 100m bgl.

The yield of the wells varies from 1 to 3.6 lps. In general, the wells drilled by various

state agencies mainly for domestic purposes have yield in the range of 1.1 to 4.5 lps.

Hydrogeology map of Tirunelveli District is shown in Figure 3.6.

The depth to water level in the district varied between 1.19 to 13.35 m bgl during

pre- monsoon (May 2006) and varied between 0.18 to 7.97 m bgl during post

monsoon (Jan 2007). The seasonal fluctuation shows a fall in water level, which ranges

from 0.12 to 2.14 m bgl, and rise in water level, which ranges from 0.33 to 11.24 m

bgl. The piezometric head varied between 1.72 to 13.65 m bgl (May 2006) during pre-

monsoon and 0.47 to 13.25 m bgl during post monsoon.



38

Map showing depth to water level in pre-monsoon is shown in Figure 3.7 and map

showing depth to water level in post-monsoon is shown in Figure 3.8

Long Term Fluctuation (1998-2007)

The long-term water level fluctuation for the period 1998-2007 indicates both rise and

fall in different parts of the district. The rise in water level is in the range of 0.0021 to

1.1284 m/year, while the fall in the water level varies between 0.0169 to 0.6893

m/year.

Aquifer Parameters

Aquifer parameters are given in Table 3.3

Table 3-3 Aquifer Parameters

Formation Yield of Wells

(lps)

Transmissivity

(m2/day)

Hydraulic

Conductivity

(m/day)

Specific

Yield (%)

Porous Formation 1.0 – 4.5 50 – 250 20 -65 3 – 6

Weathered Rock <1 – 4.0 25 – 150 <1 – 15 1.5

Fractured Rock 1.0 – 3.6 25 - 250 <1 - 25 -

Figure 3-6 Hydrogeology Map of Tirunelveli District



39

Legend for Figure 3.6

Source: District Ground Water Brochure, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, Ministry of

Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board.

Figure 3-7 Map Showing Depth to Water Level in Pre-monsoon



40

Figure 3-8 Map Showing Depth to Water Level in Post-monsoon



41

3.8 LAND USE

The Land use classification is given in Table 3.4

Table 3-4 Land Use Classification

S.No. Land Classification 2012-2013 2013-2014

1 Forest 127758 127758

2 Barren and uncultivable waste 29682 29682

3 Land put to Non-Agricultural uses 103136 103148

4 Cultivable waste 35631 35319

5 Permanent Pastures and other

Grazing land

5156

5156

6

Land under miscellaneous Tree

Crops and Groves not included in net

area sown

8376

8446

7 Current Fallow 58138 42064

8 Other Fallow Land 179921 190778

9 Net Area Sown 128052 133501

10 Geographical area according to

village papers

675850

675850

11 Total cropped Area 136984 162144

12 Area sown than once 8932 28643

Land use/land cover map within 10 km radius study area is given in Figure 3.9.



42

Figure 3-9 Land Use/ Land Cover Map within 10 km Study Area

3.9 SEISMICITY

There are 4 major seismic zones (zones II, III, IV and V) in India, based on the

seismo- tectonic parameters, history of seismicity and certain geophysical parameters.

The project site SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli

Taluk & District comes under Seismic zone II. Seismic zone map for the Tamil Nadu

state is shown in the Figure 3.10.

Figure 3-10 Map Showing Seismic Tectonic Zone



43

3.10 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The prime objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality

of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the

ambient air quality during the operation phase of the LPG bottling plant. This section

describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling,

analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The monitoring of ambient air

monitoring was carried out during the study in the month of February, March and

April 2018. The methodology adopted for ambient air quality monitoring is given below.

3.10.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The locations for ambient air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based

on the following considerations using climatological data.

• Topography / Terrain of the study area

• Human Settlements

• Health status

• Accessibility of monitoring site

• Resource Availability

• Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status

• Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas.

The ambient air quality monitoring locations are given in the Table 3.5 and shown in

Figure 3.11.



44

Table 3-5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Air sampling

location code

Location

Geographical

location

Direction with

the Project Site

Distance with

respect to

project site ( km)

Environmental Setting

AAQ1

Project Site N-08º49’49.93”

E-77º44’41.10”

-

-

Industrial Area

AAQ2

Gangaikondan N-13º15’03.48”

E-80º18’14.65”

NE

5.29

Residential Area

AAQ3

Venkatasalapuram N-13º16’12.74”

E-80º16’47.04”

N

5.16

Residential & Rural Area

AAQ4

Alavanthankulam N-13º11’49.36”

E-80º16’45.32”

NW

6.21


AAQ5

Kattalai N-13º12’54.92”

E-80º19’10.75”

SE

4.32


AAQ6

Nanjankulam N-13º14’30.43”

E-80º16’20.26”

WSW

7.24


AAQ7

Thalaiyuthu N-13º12’51.89”

E-80º16’12.05”

SSW

5.76 Residential & Industrial

Area



45

3.10.2 Parameters for Sampling

The parameters chosen for assessment of ambient air quality were Particulate Matter

(PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Sulphur di-oxide (SO2), Nitrogen Di-oxide (NO2),

Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Benzene (C6H6), BenzonePyrene

(BaP), Lead, Nickel and Arsenic.

3.10.3 Instruments used for Sampling

Respirable Dust Samplers APM- 460 BL of Envirotech were used for monitoring

particulate matter (PM10), gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2. Fine particulate

samplers APM 550 of Envirotech was used for monitoring PM2.5.

The map showing air quality monitoring locations is given in Figure 3.11.

3.10.4 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

PM10 and PM2.5 have been estimated by gravimetric method. In RDS, ambient air is

sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust is separated from the air

stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles, these particles fall through

the cyclone’s conical hopper and gets collected in the sampling cap placed at the

bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable particulate matter (PM10)

passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the

suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of

impingers which contains absorbing solutions for SO2 and NO2.

PM2.5 was determined by Fine Particulate Sampler. The air inlet has a circular

symmetry so that air entry is unaffected by wind direction and is designed to keep

out rain, insects and very large particles. The inlet section immediately leads to an

impactor stage designed to trap particles with an aerodynamic diameter larger than

10 microns. Thus the air stream in the down tube consists of only medium and fine

particulates. The streamlined air flow of the down tube is accelerated through the

nozzle of the well- shaped impactor designed to trap medium size particulates with

an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 microns. To avoid sampling errors

due to the tendency of small particles to bounce off the impaction surface a 37mm

diameter GF/A paper immersed in silicone oil is used as an impaction surface. The

air stream leaving the WINS impactor consists of microns. These fine particles are

collected on a special Teflon membrane filter of 47 mm diameter.



46

Figure 3-11 Map Showing Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation

of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the

estimation of NO2. The techniques for sampling and analysis of parameters are presented

in the Table 3.6

Table 3-6 Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

S. No Parameters Technique

1. Particulate Matter (PM10), µg/m3 Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

2. Particulate Matter (PM2.5), µg/m3 Gravimetric (Fine particulate Sampler)

3. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), µg/m3 EPA Modified West &Gaeke method

4. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), µg/m3 Arsenite Modified Jacob &Hochheiser

5. Total Volatile Organic Compounds

(TVOC), µg/m3

EPA Method



47

6. Hydrocarbon, µg/m3 IS 5182: Part 12: 1991

7. Benzene (C6H6), µg/m3 IS 5182: Part 11: 2006

8. Benzo Pyrene (BaP), ng/m3 IS 5182: Part 12: 1991

9. Lead (Pb), µg/m3 IS 5182 Part 22: 2004

10. Arsenic (As), ng/m3 IS 5182 Part 22: 2004

11. Nickel (Ni), ng/m3 IS 5182 Part 22: 2004

12. Ammonia (NH3), µg/m3 Indophenols blue method

13. Ozone (O3), µg/m3 KI Absorption Method

14. Carbon Monoxide, mg/m3 Gas Analyser (NDIR)

3.10.5 Results

Various parameters like maximum, minimum and average have been computed

from the monitored data for all the locations and summary of ambient air quality

test results are presented in Tables 3.7.



48

Table 3-7 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Result

Code

Location

PM10,µg/m3 PM 2.5,µg/m3 SO2,µg/m3 NO2,µg/m3

Min Max Avg 98 Per

Min Max Avg 98 Per

Min Max Avg 98 Per

Min Max Avg 98 Per

AAQ1 Project Site 38.7 52.4 44.90 51.94 18.2 25.1 21.17 24.62 5.02 6.74 5.86 6.66 8.59 14.1 8.59 14.1

AAQ2 Gangaikondan 39.8 54.8 46.43 53.9 18.8 26.8 22.56 26.75 5.02 6.85 5.97 6.70 9.88 13.6 12.01 13.6

AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram 37.1 50.1 45.43 49.87 18.8 24.7 21.90 24.42 5.03 6.25 5.61 6.23 8.56 12.7 10.20 12.56

AAQ4 Alavanthankulam 34.1 51.4 42.30 49.60 16.6 24.1 20.65 23.87 <5 6.63 - - 8.26 13.3 10.46 12.97

AAQ5 Kattalai 34.1 52.8 47.00 52.8 16.6 26.6 23.20 26.46 5.02 6.41 5.68 6.33 8.47 12.5 10.07 12.13

AAQ6 Nanjankulam 35.1 49.3 43.1 49.3 16.9 24.5 20.9 24.3 5.02 7.14 5.78 6.82 8.11 11.3 9.5 11.20

AAQ7 Thalaiyuthu 52.5 70.1 61.2 69.6 24.7 35.8 29.1 35.01 5.96 9.11 7.55 8.85 12.8 18.2 14.85 17.69

CPCB / MoEF&CC Standards

Industrial

/Residential / Rural

and Other Area

100

60

80

80



49

Code Location Ammonia

µg/m3

Ozone µg/m3

CO, mg/m3 Lead µg/m3 Total VOC

Min Max Avg 98 Per Min Max Avg 98 Per

AAQ1 Project Site BDL(<5) 7.14 10.3 9.07 10.25

BDL(<0.1)

BDL(<0.1) BDL (<1)

AAQ2 Gangaikondan BDL(<5) 8.56 14.1 11.05 13.87 BDL(<0.1) BDL (<1)

AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram BDL(<5) 7.69 10.5 8.89 10.31 BDL(<0.1) BDL (<1)

AAQ4 Alavanthankulam BDL(<5) 7.41 9.63 8.32 9.52 BDL(<0.1) BDL (<1)

AAQ5 Kattalai BDL(<5) <5 7.58 - - BDL(<0.1) BDL (<1)

AAQ6 Nanjankulam BDL(<5) 9.74 13.6 11.69 13.41 BDL(<0.1) BDL (<1)

AAQ7 Thalaiyuthu BDL(<5) 5.52 9.63 8.24 9.63 BDL(<0.1) BDL (<1)

CPCB / MoEF&CC Standards

Industrial /Residential / Rural and

Other Area 400 100 2 1 20



50

3.10.6 Observations

PM10: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 70.1 µg/m3

and 34.1 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and

the minimum concentration was recorded at kattalai. The average concentrations were

ranged between 42.30 and 61.2 µg/m3.

PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 35.8µg/m3 and

16.6 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the

minimum concentration was recorded at kattalai. The average values were observed to be

in the range of 20.6 and 29.1 µg/m3.

SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 9.11 µg/m3 and BDL

(<5) respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the

minimum concentration was recorded at Project Site. The average values were observed to be

in the range of Nil and 7.55µg/m3.

NO2: The maximum and minimum NO2 concentrations were recorded as 18.2µg/m3 and

8.11µg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the minimum

concentration was recorded at Nanjankulam. The average values were observed to be in the

range of 14.85 and 14.85 µg/m3.

Code Location Benzene, µg/m3 Benzo[a]pyrene

ng/m3

Arsenic

ng/m3

Nickel

ng/m3

AAQ1 Project Site BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ2

Gangaikondan

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<1)

BDL (<1)

AAQ3

Venkatasalapuram

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<1)

BDL (<1)

AAQ4

Alavanthankulam

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<1)

BDL (<1)

AAQ5

Kattalai

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<1)

BDL (<1)

AAQ6 Nanjankulam BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ7 Thalaiyuthu BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

CPCB Standards

Industrial/Residential/

Rural and Other Area

5

1

6

20



51

O3: The maximum and minimum O3 concentrations were recorded as 14.1µg/m3 and

BDL(<5). The maximum concentration was recorded at Gangaikondan and the minimum

concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average values were observed to be in the range

of Nil and 11.05 µg/m3.

The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2, are observed to be well within the standards

prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Industrial, Rural, Residential and

Other area. All the values of NH3, heavy metals (Pb, Ar, Ni & Hg), CO, Benzene and BaP were

found to be below detection limit.

CO: NIL

Lead: NIL

VOC: NIL

3.10.7 Traffic Survey

Table 3-8 Details of traffic on the NH 7

3.11 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

S. No. Parameter Details

1. Width & number of lanes of road

connecting NH 7 & Tirunelveli BP. 30 Feet & 2 Lane road – NH7

2. Number of entrances / exits to BP

Two – One main and another emergency.

3. Number of bullet trucks entering & exiting per day.

BTs – Entry - 16 Nos.

Exit – 16 Nos.

4. Number of vendor trucks entering & exiting per day

STs - Entry - 60 Nos.

Exit – 60 Nos.

5. Direction of exit for bullet trucks i.e. do the bullet trucks depart towards Chennai (back to IPPL) or do they refill elsewhere.

Bullet trucks will depart to either IPPL (Chennai) or MRPL (Mangalore) as per requirement and product availability.

6. Location of Distributors 58 Distributors are attached to plant who are present in the following directions :

1) South – 26

2) North – 15

3) West – 11

4) East – 6.



52

The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise

levels in the surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of

the study area.

3.11.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in

the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering the location of industry,

residential area, highways and institutional areas. The noise monitoring locations are

presented in Table 3.8 and shown in Figure 3.12

Table 3-9 Noise Quality monitoring stations

3.11.2 Instrument used for Sampling

Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. The sound level meter

measures the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the

corresponding function mode.

3.11.3 Method of Monitoring

Noise, in general, is sound which is composed of many frequency components of

various types of loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various

noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of

an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different

loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the ‘A’ weighted

Location

Code

Sample

location

Geographical

location

Direction

with

respect to

project

site

Distance with

respect to

project

site ( km)

Environmental

Setting

N1


E-77º44’41.10”

-

-

Industrial Area

N2


E-77º46’22.65”

NE

4.46

Residential Area

N3

Pallikottai N-08º51’36.26”

E-77º42’48.39”

NW

4.76 Residential & Rural

Area

N4

Thenkalam N-08º49’15.34”

E-77º41’59.05”

WSW


Area

N5

Palamadai N-08º47’29.00”

E-77º45’32.36”

SSE


Area

N6


E-77º43’23.64”

SSW

4.83 Residential Area &

Industrial Area



53

Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to

20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise

according to the response of a human ear.



54

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings

were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored

during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered

in 10-km radius of the study area. The noise levels were measured once during the

study period. These readings were later tabulated and the frequency distribution table

was prepared. Finally, hourly and 24 hourly values for various noise parameters viz.

Lday and Lnight were calculated.

For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe

important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the

percent of the time certain noise levels exceed the time interval. The notations for

the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:

L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 per cent of the time

L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 per cent of the time and

L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 per cent of the time

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq)

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same

sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is

necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given

period of time.

This is calculated from the following equation:

Leq = L50 + (L10 - L90)2/60

Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to

describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using

the percent of the time, certain noise levels are exceeded during the time interval.

The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels is described below:

Hourly Leq day: Equivalent noise levels between 6.00 hours to 22.00

hours.

Leq night: Equivalent noise levels between 22.00 hours to 6.00 hours.



55

Figure 3-12 Map Showing the Location of Noise level Monitoring Stations

3.11.4 Results

The summary of computed ambient noise level parameters like Lday and Lnight are

presented in Table 3.11 and compared to the standards specified by CPCB

mentioned below in Table 3.12.

Table 3-10 Ambient Noise Level

Location

Code

Sample

location

Leq day

[dB(A)]

Leq Night

[dB(A)]

Leq

[dB(A)]

N1 Project Site 48.5 42.8 47.2

N2 Gangaikondan 51.6 43.5 50.1

N3 Pallikottai 50.2 43.2 48.8

N4 Thenkalam 49.1 42.8 47.8

N5 Palamadai 50.6 43.9 49.2

N6 Thalaiyuthu 52.3 44.6 50.8



56

Table 3-11 Ambient Noise Quality Standards

Category of Area / Zone

Limits in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night Time

Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55

Residential Area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

Source: CPCB

Note: Daytime shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.

Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.

3.11.5 Observations

Leq levels are observed to fall in the range of 47.2 dB to 50.8 dB

Daytime Noise Levels

Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 48.5 to 52.3 dB (A). The

maximum noise level was observed to be 52.3dB (A) at Thalaiyuthu and a

minimum of 48.5 dB (A) was observed at Project Site.

Night time Noise Levels

Noise levels observed to fall in the range 42.8 to 44.6 dB (A) during the night

time. A maximum of 44.6 dB (A) was observed at Thalaiyuthu and a minimum of

42.8 dB (A) was observed at Project site & Thenkalam. Measured noise levels are

observed to be in compliance with prescribed standards for ambient noise for the

respective applicable categories.

3.12 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water sampling has been conducted to establish baseline water quality in the area.

Water analysis was carried out for physical and chemical parameters as per the methods

prescribed in IS 10500 and “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater (American Public Health Association)”.

3.12.1 Sampling Locations

The details of the water sampling stations are presented in the Table 3.11 and shown

in Figure 3.13.



57

Table 3-12 Water Sampling Locations

Location

Code

Location

Geographical

location

Direction

with

respect to

project site

Distance

with respect

to project site

(km)

Type of

water

GW1


E-77º44’43.39”

-

-

Ground Water

GW2


E-77º46’52.14”

NE

4.18

Ground Water

GW3


E-77º45’17.27”

SSW

4.67

Ground Water

GW4

Palamadai N-08º47’23.73”

E-77º45’24.82”

SSW

4.68

Ground Water

GW5 Alavanthan

kulam N-08º52’18.71”

E-77º42’16.01”

NW

6.38

Ground Water

SW1 Gangaikondan

kulam N-08º50’20.69”

E-77º47’05.95”

ENE

4.54

Surface Water

SW2 Thamirabarani

River N-08º45’29.09”

E-77º41’29.21”

S

7.98

Surface Water

Figure 3-13 Map Showing Water quality Monitoring Locations



58

3.12.2 Results

The physicochemical characteristics of water in the study area are presented in the

Tables 3.14 and is compared with the standards (IS 10500: Indian

Standards/Specifications for Drinking Water) reference value.



59

Groundwater

Table 3-13 Results for Water Analysis

S. No Parameters Unit Test method

Limit as per

IS 10500 : 2012

GW1 GW2 GW3

1 Temperature C --- Not Specified 25.8 26.3 25.6 2 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd EDITION 5 Nil Nil Nil

3

Odour - APHA 22nd EDITION

Unobjectionable

No Odour

Observed

No Odour

Observed

No Odour

Observed 4 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002) 6.5-8.5 7.47 7.51 7.63

5 Electrical

Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2002) Not Specified 960 1180 2010

6 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 1 BDL (<0.5) 0.6 BDL (<0.5)

7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003) 500 523 674 1130

8

Total Hardness as

CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 152 310 510

9 Total Alkalinity as

CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2003) 200 166 280 370



60

10 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 250 152 183 407

11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-4500- SO42- E 200 60 72 86

12 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.0 0.41 0.57 0.93

13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NO3- B 45 6 13 11

14 Ammonia as N mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NH3 B&C 0.5 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 0.13

15 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2002) Not Specified 0.08 0.11 0.13

16 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 118 127 218

17 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 17 3.6 2.6

18 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003) 75 36 83 151

19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-3500,Mg - B 30 15 25 32

20 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.3 BDL (<0.05) 0.13 BDL (<0.05)

21 Phenolic compounds as

C6H5OH mg/l APHA 22nd EDN 5530 B,C,D 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

22 Copper as Cu mg/l IS:3025 Part 42 (Reaff:2003) 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

23 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3112B 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.003 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

25 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

26 Total Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

27 Cyanide as CN mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

28 Lead as Pd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

29 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 5 0.12 0.18 0.16



61

30 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

31 Nickel mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.02 BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

32 Aluminium as Al mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3500-Al-B 2012 0.03 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

33 Total Colifirm MPN/ 100ml

IS – 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2014) Absent <2 2 14

34 Faecal Coliform MPN/ 100ml

IS – 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2014) Absent <2 <2 <2

**BDL –Below Detectable Limit

S. No Parameters Unit Test method

Limit as per

IS 10500 : 2012

GW4 GW5

1 Temperature C --- Not Specified 25.1 25.8

2

Colour Hazen APHA 22nd EDITION 5 Nil Nil

3

Odour

-

APHA 22nd EDITION

Unobjectionable

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

4 pH at 25°C -

IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002)

6.5-8.5

7.47

7.54



62

5 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff:2002) Not Specified 1950 1290

6 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 5 BDL(<0.5) 0.6

7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 15-1984 (Reaff: 2003) 500 1066 712

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-1983 (Reaff: 1998) 200 460 390

9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 200 330 260

10 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 250 463 198

11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22nd EDI-4500- SO42- E 200 32 76

12 Fluoride as F

μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff:

2002) 1 0.71 0.47

13 Nitrate as NO3

NTU

IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002)

45 3 17

14 Ammonia as N-NH3

mg/l

IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003)

0.5 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

15

Phosphate as PO4

mg/l

IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 Not Specified 0.10 0.22

16

Sodium as Na

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23-

1986(Reaff:2003) Not Specified 235 0.47

17

Potassium as K

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff:

2003) Not Specified 1.7 17

18 Calcium as Ca mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-4500- SO42- E 75 96 BDL(<0.05)

19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-F B&D 30 53 0.22



63

20

Iron as Fe mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NO3- B 0.30 BDL(<0.05) 0.47

21 Manganese as Mn

mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NH3

B&C 0.1 BDL(<0.05) 17


C6H5OH

mg/l

IS : 3025 Part 31-1988

(Reaff:2002) 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.05)

23 Copper as Cu

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993

(Reaff:2003) 0.05 BDL(<0.03) 0.22

24 Mercury as Hg

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993

(Reaff:2003) 0.001 BDL(<0.001) 0.47

25 Cadmium as Cd

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991

(Reaff:2003) 0.003 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

26 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-3500,Mg - B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

27 Total Arsenic as As mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

28 Cyanide as CN mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 0.05 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

29 Lead as Pd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

30 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 5 0.09 0.26

31 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

32 Nickel mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.02 BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

33 Aluminium as Al mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3500-Al-B 2012 0.03 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

34 Total Colifirm MPN/ 100ml

IS – 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2014) Absent <2 7

35 Faecal Coliform MPN/ 100ml

IS – 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2014) Absent <2 <2



64

SurfaceWater

S.NO

PARAMETERS

UNIT

TEST METHOD

SW1

SW2

1 Temperature C --- 27.1 27.3

2 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd EDITION 17 21

3 Odour -

APHA 22nd EDITION No Odour Observed NoOdour Observed

4 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002) 7.85 7.54

5 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2002) 590 315

6 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 5.6 1.9

7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003) 341 180

8 Total Hardness as

CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-1983 (Reaff: 1998) 180 106

9 Total Alkalinity as

CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2003) 210 108

10 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 76 41

11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-4500- SO42- E 14 8

12 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.14 0.36

13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NO3- B 2 BDL(<1)

14 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NH3 B&C 0.56 0.14



65

15 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2002) 0.68 0.26

16 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) 62 30

17 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) 3.6 1.5

18 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003) 35 26

19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22nd EDITION 22 9.96

20 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.56 0.18

21 Manganese as Mn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3500-Mn D BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

22 Anionic Surfactants as

MBAS mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -5540 C BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025)

23 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 17-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 8 5

24 Dissolved Oxygen as O2 mg/l IS:3025:Part-38:1989 (Reaff:2003) 6.3 7.3

25 Chemical Oxygen

Demand mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 22 13

26

Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand

at 27°C for 3 days mg/l IS:3025:Part-44:1993 (Reaff:2003) 3.9 2.1


C6H5OH mg/l APHA 22nd EDN 5530 B,C,D BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)



66

28 Copper as Cu mg/l IS:3025Part-42 (Reaff:2003) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

29 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3112B BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

30 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

31 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113B BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

32 Total Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

33 Cyanide as CN mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-CN E BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

34 Lead as Pd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

35 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.26 0.31

36 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

37 Nickel as Ni mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

38 Total Coliform MPN/ 100ml IS – 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2014) >1600 220

39 E.Coli MPN/ 100ml IS – 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2014) 170 24



67

3.12.3 Observations

GroundWater

The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between

7 .47- 7.63, TDS ranges from 523 mg/l – 1130 mg/l, total hardness ranges from 152

mg/l – 510 mg/l, iron content ranges from BDL – 0.47 mg/l, nitrate content ranges

from 3 – 17 mg/l was observed.

SurfaceWater

The analysis of surface water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between

7.54 - 7.85 , TDS ranges from 180 mg/l – 341 mg/l, total hardness ranges from 106mg/l

– 180 mg/l, DO ranges from 6.3 mg/l – 7.3 mg/l was observed.

3.13 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

3.13.1 Soil analysis

The present study of the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and this

will help in future identification of the incremental concentrations if any, due to the

operation of the LPG plant site. The sampling locations have been identified with the

following objectives;

• To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area and

• To determine the impact of LPG plant site on soil characteristics

Five locations within the study area were selected for soil sampling. At each location,

soil samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm

below the surface. The samples were analysed for physical and chemical

characteristics. The details of the soil sampling location are presented in Table 3.14

and shown in Figure 3.14. The results are presented in Table 3.15 and compared

with Standard Soil Classification presented in Table 3.16.



68

Table 3-14 Soil Sampling Locations

Location Code

Location

Geographical Location

Direction with the respect to

project site

Distance with respect to

project site in km

S1 Project Site N-08º49’49.93” E-77º44’41.10”

-

-

S2 Gangaikondan N-08º51’36.12” E-77º46’22.65”

NE

4.46

S3 Thalaiyuthu N-08º47’33.77” E-77º43’23.64”

SSW

4.83

S4 Alangaraperi N-08º43’23.26” E-77º46’32.93”

SE

4.31

S5 Thenkalam N-08º49’15.34” E-77º41’59.05”

WSW

5.11

Figure 3-14 Map Showing Soil Sampling Stations



69

Presentation of Results

The results of the soil analysis are tabulated in Table 3.15. Standard soil classification is given in Table 3.16.

Table 3-15 Soil Quality Results

S.No Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

1 pH 7.86 8.23 7.58 7.81 8.33

2 Bulk Density, g/cc 1.33 1.25 1.38 1.23 1.26

3 Electrical Conductivity, mS/cm 0.086 0.212 0.102 0.162 0.237

4 Available Nitrogen, kg/ha 478 536 325 623 410

5 Available Phosphorous, kg/ha 56.4 81.4 35.4 60.6 53.1

6 Available Potassium, kg/ha 302 247 284 352 291

7 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca, m.eq/100g 14.5 16.8 12.1 14.6 15.4

8 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg, m.eq/100g 5.14 3.96 4.74 6.03 3.88

9 Exchangeable Sodium as Na, m.eq/100g 1.36 2.35 1.98 2.11 3.26

10 Organic matter (%) 0.63 0.91 0.46 0.82 1.03

11 Texture Classification Sandy Clay Clay Sandy Clay

Loam Clay Clay

12 Sand (%) 46.8 28.6 49.7 33.7 35.2

13 Clay (%) 36.5 51.4 26.4 46.4 54.8



70

Table 3-16 Standard Soil Classification

Chemical

Parameters

Ranking

Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

pH <4, very Strongly

Acidic

4-5, Strongly

Acidic

5-8, Ideal for Plant

Growth 8-9 Strongly Basic >9 Very Strongly Basic

Electrical conductivity

(μS/cm)

<2000,

Non saline

2000-4000

Saline

4000-8000

Moderately Saline

8000-16000

Highly Saline >16000 Extremely Saline

Total Nitrogen (%) <0.05

Very Low 0.05-0.15 Low

0.15-0.25

Moderate 0.25-0.5 High

>0.5

Very High

Total Phosphorous

(mg/kg)

<5

Very Low

5-10

Low 10-30 Moderate 30-60 High >60 Very High

Sodium

(mg/kg) - <200 Non Sodic 200-500 Moderate >500 Sodic

Potassium

(mg/kg) - <150 Low 150-250 Moderate 250-800 High >800 Very High

Calcium

(mg/kg) -

<1000

Low 1000-2000 Moderate >2000 High -

Magnesium

(mg/kg) <40 Very Low

40-100

Low 100-300 Moderate >300 High -

% Organic Matter 0.5-1.0

Very Low

1.0-2.0

Low 2.0-3.0 Moderate 3.0-5.0 High

>5

Very High



71

Observation

The soil results were compared with soil standards. It has been observed that the

pH of the soil was ranging from 7.58 to 8.33 indicating the soils are basic in

nature. Conductivity of the soil ranges from 0.086 to 0.237 mS/cm. Since the EC

value is less than 2000 µS/cm, the soil is said to be Non saline in nature.

Texture of the soil sample is predominantly loam. Soil organic content varied from

0.46 to 1.03% which indicates the very low level of organic matter.

The available nitrogen content ranges between 325 to 623 kg/ha in the locality and

the value of phosphorus content varies between 35.4 to 81.4 mg/kg. This indicates

that the soil have very high quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphorus.

The potassium content varies from 247 to 352 mg/kg which indicates that the soils

have high quantities of potassium.

From the above observations it was found that the soil in the Study area shows

moderate fertility.

3.14 Ecological Environment

Flora and fauna studies were conducted to assess the existing floral and faunal

composition of the area.

3.14.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies

The present study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the ecosystem

on the following lines:

• To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around LPG plant

site.

• To assess the distribution of animal life spectra.

3.14.2 Methodology Adopted for the Study

Assessment of the existing vegetation types in the core and buffer zones has been done

using standard procedures. The terrain of the impact zone is chiefly plain.

The Biodiversity studies were already carried out in the entire study area of 10 km

radius. The study of flora is conducted as per the guidelines of the Ministry of

Environment and Forests, Government of India, with respect to the scope and

objectives. The study involved in collection of primary data by conducting survey in



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the field, examination of floral and faunal records in previously published reports and

records, and analysis of the information in view of the possible alteration in

environment of the LPG Plant site. For the survey of fauna both direct and indirect

observation methods were used.

3.14.2.1 Flora in the Study Area The list of flora observed in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.17:

Table 3-17 List of Flora Observed In the Study Area

S.No. Botanical Name Local Name

1. Azadiracta indica A. Juss Vembu

2. Boerhhavia diffusa L. Mukkurttaikkoti

3. Calotropis gigantean (L.) R.Br. Eruku

4. Borassus flabellifer L. Panai

5. Cassia siamea Lam. Manja Kondrai

6. Cissus quadrangularis L. Nanmuga pirandai

7. Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn Pampu-k-kanni

8. Cleome gynandra L. Naikkaduku

9. Cleome viscosa L. Naikaduku

10. Cocos nucifera L. Thenai

11. Commelina benghalensis L. Thankaipoo

12. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Arukanpull

13. Cyperus rotundus L. korai

14. Cassia fistula L. Sarakonai

15. Nerium odorum nerium

16. Ficus benghalensis L. Alamaram

17. Ficus religiosa L. Arasamaram

18. Indigofera uniflora Buch. Avari

19. Moringa pterygosperma Goertn. Murunai

20. Jasminum angustifolium (L.) Willd. Malligai

21. Mangifera indica L. Mango

22. Ficus racemose Aththi

23. Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. Myilkonrai

24. Carica papaya L. Pappali

25. Ocimum sanctum Tulsi



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3.14.2.2 Fauna in the study area The field studies are conducted to assess fauna in the study area. The list of animals

present in the study area are given in Table 3.18:

Table 3-18 List of Fauna Observed in the Study Area

S.No. Common Name Zoological

Family/Order

1. Cat Felis catus

2. Dog Cannis familiaris

3. Frog Cannis vulpes

4. Goat Capra hircus

5. Ant Anochetus

6. Mosquito Anopheles rufipes

7. Crow Corvous corone

8. Common myna Acridotheres tristis

9. Lime butterfly Papilio demoleus

10. Lizard Gecko

11. Spotted deer Axis axis

12. Columba rupestris Pigeon

13. Tyto alba Owl

14. Gecko Lizard

15. Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo

16. Ardea purpurea Peria vellai kokku

17. Papilio demoleus The Lime Butterfly

18. Troides Minos The Southern Birdwing

19. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna

20. Corvus splendens Crow

21. Anopheles coustani Mosquito



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3.14.3 Environmental Sensitivity

As per MoEF&CC guideline, 15 km radius from the project site is considered as study

area for evaluating environmental sensitivity. The description of the environmental

sensitivity of the LPG Plant site is given below:

National Parks and WildLife Sanctuaries

Gangaikondan Spotted deer sanctuary is 0.92km (E) away from the project site.

There is no National park or Bird sanctuary within the 15 km radius of the project

site.

Reserve Forests

List of the reserve forests along with distance and direction with respect to the project

site is given in Table 3.19.

Table 3-19 Reserve Forests within 10 Km Radius of the Project Site

S.No. Name of Reserve Forest Distance Direction w.r.t. Project Site

1. Thalaiyuthu RF 919 Metres West

2. Melpattam RF 6.6 Km South

Airport

The Tuticorin airport in Chennai is situated at a distance of 33.55 Km (SW) from the

project site. The LPG plant site is not falling in aviation path.

Archaeological Protected Sites

There are no archaeological protected sites falling within the 10km radius of the LPG

plant site.

3.15 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The assessment of socio-economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA

study. Socio-Economic status of the population is an indicator for the development of

the region. Any developmental project of any magnitude will have a bearing on the living

conditions and on the economic base of population in particular and the region as a

whole. Similarly, the LPG plant activities will have its share of socio-economic

influence in the study area. The section delineates the overall appraisal of society

relevant attributes. The data collection for evaluation of impact of LPG plant site on

socio-economic aspects in



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the study area has been done through primary household survey and through the

analysis of secondary data available for study area.

3.15.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted in assessment of socio-economic condition is as given

below;

• To assess socio-economic conditions of the Population

• Analysis of the identified social attributes like population distribution,

availability of public utilities etc., through Census of India 2011

• Primary household survey to assess the present status of population of the study

area

3.15.2 Sources of Information

As per the scope of this study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been

gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluk Office,

Collectorate, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water

Board, Directorate of Census Operation, Tamil Nadu etc. The demographic data has

mainly been compiled from the Census of India 2011. The socio-economic details

are briefly described in following sections.

This section includes the present status of the socio-economic environment in the

study area. To determine the baseline socio-economic pattern, at and around the

project site, the required data have been obtained from the published data. Socio-

economic base line data were collected for the following indicators:

• Demographic Structure

• Economic Structure

• Availability of Basic Amenities

The major demographic and economic structure of the study area are classified into

population, literacy rate and workers details.

3.15.3 Settlement Pattern

The LPG plant site is at Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu. The

area within 10 km radius from the LPG Plant site has been considered as study area.



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3.15.3.1 Population According to the 2011 census, Tirunelveli district has a population of 30,77,233. The

district has a population density 460 people per square kilometer. Its population

growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.97%. Tirunelveli has a sex ratio of

1023 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 82.50 %.

3.15.3.2 Demography Almost all villages in the study area are experiencing a rapid growth of population,

which may be due to the process of urbanization and industrialization. According to

2011 census, Tirunelveli district had a population of 30,77,233. With a sex-ratio of

1023 females for every 1,000 males. A total of 3,21,687 were under the age of six,

constituting 1,64,157 males and 1,57,530 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled

Tribes accounted for 5,69,714 and 10,270 of the population respectively. Average

literacy rate of Tirunelveli in 2011 were 82.50% compared to 76.09% of 2001. The

district had a total of 8,15,528 households. There were a total of 12,71,407 main

workers, comprising 1,07,943 main cultivators, 3,21,083 main agricultural laborer’s,

6,26,714 other workers, 1,65,047 marginal workers, 7,772 marginal cultivators,

58,680 marginal agricultural laborers. The district has a population density of 460

inhabitants per square kilometer.

3.15.3.3 Distribution of Population

The distribution of population in the study area is given in Table 3.20.

Table 3-20 Distribution of Population in the Study Area

Particulars Study

Area

No. of Households 19,111

Male Population 35,476

Female Population 35,672

Total Population 71,148

Average Household Size 3.72

Sex ratio 1005

The males and females constitute about 49.86% and 50.13% respectively of

the total population in the study area.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_census_of_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_census_of_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes



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3.15.3.4 Average Household Size

The study area had a family size of 3.72 as per census records. This lower family size

could be attributed to a high degree of urbanization with migration of people with

higher literacy levels who generally opt for smaller family size with family welfare

measures and also due to the prevalence of single member families, a common

phenomenon in mining and industrial areas.

3.15.3.5 Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constituted about

51.15% population while the females worked out to be 48.84% of the population.

The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males, which indirectly reveals

certain sociological aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among

female children and single person family structure, a resultant of migration of

industrial workers, was found at 1005.

3.15.3.6 Social Structure

Census records show that about 25.29% of the population belonged to Scheduled

Castes (SC) and 0.15% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). This indicates that the weaker section

people work out to about 25.45% of the total population and the remaining 74.54%

people belong to Other Backward Castes and forward castes. The distribution of

population by social structure in the study area is presented in Table 3.21.

Table 3-21 Distribution of Population by Social Structure

S.

No. Particulars Study Area

1 Scheduled Castes 18,000

2 % to total population 25.29

3 Scheduled Tribes 109


5 Total SC and ST 18,109


7 Other Castes 53,039




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3.15.3.7 Literacy Levels

The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table 3.22.

Table 3-22 Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates

S. No. Particulars Study

Area

1 Total literate 52,012

2 Average literacy (%) 73.10

3 Total illiterates 19,136

4 Average illiteracy (%) 26.89

The literacy rate works out to 73.10%. The rate of illiteracy was observed to be 26.89%

in the study area. This indicates a major sociological development in the region. This can

be attributed to the Tamil Nadu Government's literacy improvement schemes.

3.15.3.8 Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference

to main workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers

defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers,

those engaged in live- stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing,

processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry,

construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services.

As per census records altogether the workers works out to be 43.86% of the total

population. The occupational structure of the study area is given in Table 3.23.

Table 3-23 Occupational Structure

S. No. Occupation

Study Area

No. % to

Population

1 Total workers 31,210 43.86

2 Total non-workers 39,938 56.13


CHAPTER 4 – ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

79

3.15.4 Availability of Infrastructure

Availability of infrastructure and facilities denote the level of overall development

in the study area. The list of industries, schools, colleges and hospitals located near

the study area are given below:

Industries

• Elcot IT Park

• Alliance Tire Group

• M/s.BOSCH Limited.

• M/s.Ramco Industries Ltd.

• M/s.South India Bottling Company Pvt Ltd.

• India Cements Limited

Institutions

• Sankar Polytehnic College

• Thamirabharani Engineering College

• Sri Jayendra Golden Jubilee School

Tourist & Pilgrim

• Fire Flame Church

• St. Luke Church

• St. Theresa’s Church

• Chepparai Natarajar Temple



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4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The anticipated impacts of the LPG storage and bottling facilities at SIPCOT Industrial

Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli District on environment have been

evaluated and predicted based on the information collected at the site and the

information provided by the IOCL.

The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary.

Primary impacts are those which are attributed directly by the construction and

operation of the project, secondary impacts are those which are indirectly induced

and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and

economic activities by the construction and operation of facilities.

There is no sensitive location of historical or strategic importance around the IOCL’s

LPG storage and bottling facilities. Therefore, no such impact is anticipated during

construction and operation phases of LPG storage and bottling facilities.

The LPG storage and bottling facilities would create impact on the environment in two

distinct phases:

• During construction phase as temporary or short-term; and which is now over.

• During operational phase which would have long-term effects during the

life cycle of project.

The construction and operational phases of the LPG storage and bottling facilities

and distribution facility comprise various activities, which have been considered to

assess the impact on one or another environmental parameters.

• Topography,

• Soil,

• Water Resources and Quality,

• Climatology and Meteorology,

• Air Quality,

• Noise Levels,

• Land Use Pattern,

• Terrestrial Ecology,



81

• Aquatic Ecology,

• Demographic and Socio-economic.

The details of the activities of the LPG storage and bottling facilities during

construction and operation phases are described in the following sections

4.2 Impact on Topography

4.2.1 Construction Phase

The mounded bullets, filling machines and unloading bays have been constructed

within the plant site. Existing topography of the area was not altered during the

construction activities within the site. Hence, impact on topography was not

envisaged during construction of the LPG storage and bottling facilities.

Mitigation Measures

• Land clearing at the site was kept at the absolute minimum practicable;

• Construction site was designed to minimize the removal of soil and vegetation;

• Excavated earth from foundation was used at the LPG plant for leveling and filling.

4.2.2 Operation Phase

During operation phase of LPG storage and bottling facilities, no impact is

anticipated on the topography, therefore, no mitigation measure is required.

4.2.3 Impact on Regional Climate

During construction and operation of IOCL’s LPG bottling plant, no stack gas

emissions are anticipated, therefore, no impact is anticipated on the climatology and

meteorology of the area during the construction and operation phase of LPG plant.

Hence, no mitigation measure is required.

4.2.4 Impact on Air Environment

4.2.4.1 Construction Phase

The sources of air emissions during construction included dust and gaseous

emissions from:

• From construction activity for installation of LPG storage and bottling facilities.

• Emissions from vehicles bringing materials to the site.

• From operation of construction equipment.

These emissions were resulted in temporary degradation of air quality, primarily,

close to the working environment affecting construction employees. Dust and other



82

emissions were not spread in vicinity of site and surroundings.

The excavated earth from LPG storage and bottling facilities during construction

resulted emission of suspended particulate matter (SPM). However, the suspended

particulate matter (SPM) rise in the ambient air were coarse in size and settled within

a short distance closed to the construction site. Therefore, dust and gaseous

emissions due to construction activities at LPG storage and bottling facilities did not

affected the surrounding.

Hence, the impacts on the ambient air quality during construction phase was

temporary and reversible in nature for short duration and it was restricted to short

distance only.

Mitigation Measures

Construction materials were fully covered during transportation by

road to the project site.

Dust suppression systems (water spray) were used as per requirement

at the construction site.

Construction area was cordoned off by tin sheets up

to about 3 m height.

Earth moving equipment, typically with a grader blade and ripper

were used for excavation work.

Construction vehicles and machineries were maintained properly and

“Pollution under Control” certificate were kept up-to-date and checked.

Mixing of cement with other building materials was

done at isolated place.

4.2.4.2 Operation Phase

During the normal operation of the LPG storage and bottling facilities, there will be no

continuous source of air emissions. Hence, the impact on ambient air quality will be

insignificant during operation phase.

During operation phase, intermittent gaseous emissions are anticipated from DG sets

which will be operated during grid power failure at LPG storage and bottling facilities.

DG sets will be fitted with stack of sufficient height as per CPCB guidelines to

achieve natural dispersion of pollutants.

During receipt of LPG through bullet tankers and distribution of LPG cylinders, increase



83

in vehicular emissions is anticipated due to bullet truck and Cylinder truck movement.

As an estimate 30 – 35 trucks will be reaching LPG plant for unloading of LPG and

distribution cylinders to authorized dealers in the area. To control vehicular emissions,

truck/tankers engaged in bulk LPG transportation and distribution of LPG cylinders

will essentially have Pollution under Control Certificate (PUCC) to minimize vehicular

emissions. It will be ensured at the gate of IOCL LPG plant. Therefore, during operation

phase the impacts on the ambient air quality shall be insignificant.

Mitigation Measures

• DG sets are fitted with the stacks of sufficient height as per CPCB guidelines to

achieve natural dispersion of exhaust gases.

• Compulsory Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUCC) for bullet trucks and

cylinder trucks to minimize vehicular emissions

Overall impact of LPG storage and bottling facilities in the study area will be positive

and beneficial in long term, as distribution of LPG cylinders will replace or minimize

use of traditional fuels, such as, wood, coal, petroleum oils and subsequently

improvement in ambient air quality of the area will be observed.

4.2.5 Impact on Noise Environment

4.2.5.1 Construction Phase

Some noise was generated due to operation of construction machines. However, these

noise sources were temporary nature and were operated mostly during day-time and for

short duration.

At the time of construction/erection of mounded bullets, bottling machine, unloading

bays, no major noise was generated.

At LPG storage and bottling facilities, construction activities produced maximum noise

levels of about 80 dB(A) during various erection activities like, excavation,

hammering, construction equipment operation etc at the construction site. The

construction workers in general were exposed to an equivalent noise level of 75-80

dB (A) intermittently for which all statutory precautions as per law were taken into

consideration. The mandatory use of proper personal protective equipment

mitigated adverse impact of the noise generated by equipment to the workers during

construction phase. Noise levels from construction activities were reduced

significantly at the boundary of LPG storage and bottling facilities. Hence, impact of



84

noise generation from the construction of the facilities IOCL plant in surrounding area

was insignificant in nature.

Mitigation Measures

• Acoustic treatment of enclosure to DG Sets to control noise level as per CPCB

guidelines.

• Provision of rubber anti vibration padding to DG sets.

• Provision of silencers to modulate the noise generated by machines

• Provide protective devices like ear muff/plugs to the workers.

4.2.5.2 Operation Phase

The average ambient noise level at the boundary walls of the LPG storage and bottling

facilities, as monitored during baseline data generation are in the range of 48.5 to 52.3

dB(A). At the LPG storage and bottling facilities, pumps, DG sets, fire pumps, unloading

bays and cylinders truck and bullet tankers will be major source of noise generation.

The noise levels from these sources shall be in the range of 70 to 80 dB (A). DG sets

will be intermittent source of noise generation and will be operated only during grid

power failure. To control noise levels, DG sets have been provided with acoustic

enclosures and anti-vibration pads.

Hence, anticipated impact of noise generation from LPG storage and bottling facilities

during operation phase will be limited within the boundary.

Mitigation Measures

• Noise levels from LPG storage and bottling facilities will not reach its boundary.

• DG sets room will be acoustically treated to control noise levels as per CPCB

guidelines.

• Ear muff and ear plugs will be provided to operators while working DG sets

rooms/high noise areas.

4.2.6 Impact on Water Environment

The existing water quality around LPG storage and bottling facilities has been assessed

by conducting water quality monitoring from February, March and April 2018.

4.2.6.1 Water Requirement

The raw and potable water requirement of the LPG storage and bottling facilities will



85

be supplied by SIPCOT. Water is required mainly for fire fighting, service water,

washing and potable purposes. The average water consumption of bottling plant will

be about 4 KLD.

The LPG storage and bottling facilities will be limited to unloading of LPG, storage in

mounded bullets (3 x 600 MT) and LPG bottling facilities and dispatch of LPG

cylinders to consumers by trucks. Hence, the water consumption will be 4 KLD.

Domestic water requirement will be 3 KLD. The quantity of sewage generated

during operation phase of the plant will be 2.4 KLD, which will be disposed through

septic tank followed by soak pit.

For washing of cylinders approx. 1 KLD water will be required. Waste water

generated from cylinders washing will be collected in settling tank and dosed for

flocculation of suspended particles. Treated water from clarifier will be reused for

cylinders washing purpose.

Water Resources Construction Phase

The requirement of water during the construction phase was as 3-5 KL/day. The

construction activities at LPG storage and bottling facilities have not affect the ground

water aquifers and surface water bodies in any way as the water requirement was

very small and obtained from SIPCOT water supply. Therefore, no significant impact

is anticipated on surface and ground water resources of the area during construction

phase.

Mitigation Measures

• Use of water was minimized during construction phase.

• Drainage channels and storm water drains was constructed at the site.

Operation Phase

For normal operation of LPG storage and bottling facilities, no process water is

required. However, about 1 KLD of water will be required for cylinder washing,

obtained from local water supply. For domestic purpose only 3 KLD water will be

required at the LPG storage and bottling facilities.

Mitigation Measures

• Treated waste water from washing will be reused for washing purpose to

minimize the use of fresh water.



86

Water Quality Construction Phase

During construction phase of LPG bottling plant, small quantity of metal cuttings, soil

debris, etc were generated as waste which were cleared after construction activity

was over and same were disposed in environmental sound manner. Therefore, no

significant impact could be observed on ground and surface water quality of the area

during construction phase.

Mitigation Measures

• The excavation work was carried out during non-monsoon season.

• All the debris generated from construction site were collected and disposed

suitably.

• A sediment trap was provided to prevent the discharge of excessive suspended

solids.

• An oil trap was provided in the drainage line to prevent contamination by

accidental spillage.

• To prevent contamination from accidental spillage of fuel oil, the storage areas

were bunded and cleaned at regular intervals.

• Sewage generated from the site was treated in septic tank followed by soak pit

Operational Phase

During operation of LPG plant, no process effluent will be generated. For washing of

cylinders approx 1 KLD water will be required. Waste water generated from cylinders

washing will be collected in settling tank. Treated water from clarifier will be

reused for cylinders washing purpose.

During operation the LPG storage and bottling facilities, 2.4 KLD sewage will be

generated, which will be disposed through septic tank followed by soak pit. Hence,

during the operation of the LPG storage and bottling facilities, no impact is anticipated

on water quality.

Mitigation Measures

• Waste water generated from cylinders washing will be collected in settling tank and

dosed for flocculation of suspended particles. Treated water from clarifier will be

reused for cylinders washing purpose.

• Proper collection and disposal of solid and hazardous waste to be generated



87

from LPG storage and bottling facilities

4.2.7 Soil

4.2.7.1 Impact on Soil Construction Phase During the construction of LPG bottling plant, construction wastes such as excavated

soil, debris, some pipes/ metal waste and very small amount of oil & grease were

generated. These wastes were disposed-off properly in environmentally sound manner.

Mitigation Measures

Construction debris, fuel, oil drums, used grease cartridges were collected

and disposed of properly

Lubricating waste oil were collected separately in drums and same was

handed over to waste oil recyclers as authorized by TNPCB as per CPCB

guidelines.

All solid wastes were cleared after construction activities.

Operational Phase

During operation of LPG storage and bottling facilities, no process waste will be

generated in any form. It is estimated that about 20 kg municipal solid waste may be

generated by workers, canteen and truck drivers. Municipal solid waste generated

from LPG storage and bottling facilities will be segregated in the form of recyclable

waste, biodegradable waste and non bio-degradable wastes. Recyclable waste

including paper, plastic, etc. will be sent for recycling. Biodegradable waste will be

used for composting at the LPG plant to produce manure for green belt.

Occasionally, used oil will be generated from DG sets and engines maintenance,

which is categorized as Hazardous Waste as per Hazardous Waste (Management,

Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rule 2008. The used oil at the LPG

bottling plant will be stored in containers and handed over to MoEF&CC/Tamil

Nadu State Pollution Control Board approved Used Oil recyclers for recycling

purpose.

Hence, no significant impact is anticipated on soil of the area and at LPG storage and

bottling facilities.

Mitigation Measures

• Municipal solid waste generated from the LPG bottling plant will be segregated in

the form of recyclable waste, biodegradable waste and non bio-degradable wastes.

Recyclable waste including paper, plastic, etc. will be sent for recycling.



88

• Biodegradable waste will be used for composting to produce manure for green belt.

• Sludge which is generated from septic tank, which will be used as manure for

green belt.

• Used oil will be collected separately in drums and sold to MOEF&CC/TNPCB

authorized used oil recyclers for recycling.

4.2.8 Land Use Pattern

The LPG storage and bottling facilities is located within land leased in SIPCOT

industrial growth centre. Therefore, no impact is anticipated on the land use of the

area during construction and operation phases. Therefore, no management plan is

required.

4.2.9 Biological Environment Construction Phase

The construction of LPG mounded bullets and LPG bottling plant will not require cutting

of trees and vegetation. Therefore, adverse impact on the terrestrial ecology would be

insignificant in nature.

Operational Phase

The LPG storage and bottling facilities will not have any impact of terrestrial ecology

of the area as no trees cutting is required during operation phase.

Mitigation Measures

• At LPG bottling plant peripheral green belt has been developed around the plant

boundary.

• In the open area landscaping has been carried out.

4.2.9.1 Impact on Forest & Wild Life

There would not be any impact on Gangaikondan spotted deer sanctuary and

forest from the LPG storage and bottling facilities.

4.2.9.2 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

No impact is envisaged on aquatic ecology from the operation of LPG storage and

bottling facilities during construction or operational phases as there is no water

body in the vicinity of the plant.

4.2.10 Socio-economic Environment Construction phase

The construction of LPG storage and bottling facilities has been done at industrial plot.

Therefore, socio-economic impacts linked to the acquisition of land were not



89

appeared in the project.

The LPG storage and bottling facilities generated direct and indirect employment

opportunities during the construction phase. About 50 local skilled, semi-skilled and

unskilled labourers got employment in the construction activities. This was a

moderate positive impact of the LPG storage and bottling facilities.

The construction of the LPG storage and bottling facilities had beneficial impacts as

some local unskilled, semiskilled and skilled persons gained direct or indirect

employment.

Since the immigration of work force during construction of LPG storage and bottling

facilities was insignificant, the social impacts on literacy, health care, transport

and housing facilities and cultural aspects were also insignificant.

Operational Phase

The major positive socio-economic impact will be observed in the form of the following:

• Reduction of Emissions: The LPG storage and bottling facilities will ensure

availability of LPG for domestic and industrial establishments in the region which

will help in minimization of use fossil fuel (petrol, HSD, furnace oil, etc.), coal,

w o o d , e t c . Consequently, it will help in maintaining cleaner environment due to

reduction in emissions.

• Improved Health Conditions: Use of LPG as a cleaner fuel will also create healthy

environmental conditions and help in uplift of socio-economic conditions of

people of the region.

4.3 Conclution

In view of the above facts and figures, it may be concluded that the LPG storage and

bottling facilities at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre near Gangaikondan village in

Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, shall not result in any adverse environmental impacts

on physical features, water, noise and air environment, biological and socio-economic

environment. The LPG storage and bottling facilities shall generate additional

direct/indirect employment and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and

would help in the socio-economic up- liftment of the state as well as the local area.

The LPG storage and bottling facilities will make available LPG as a cleaner fuel and

will subsequently create healthy environmental conditions, which will result in uplift

of socio-economic conditions of people of the region.


CHAPTER 5 – ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

90

5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

5.1 INTRODUCTION

The consideration of technological alternatives for bulk LPG storage and bottling

facilities at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre near Gangaikondan village in Tirunelveli

district, is one of the more proactive side of environmental assessment - enhancing

the project through examining options instead of only focusing on the more

defensive task of reducing adverse impacts of a single option of the project. This

requires the systematic comparison of feasible alternatives for technology and

operational alternatives. Alternatives are compared in terms of their potential

environmental impacts, capital and recurrent costs, suitability under local conditions,

etc.

The examining alternative means of carrying out a project involves answering the

following three questions:

(i) What are the alternatives?

(ii) What are the environmental impacts associated with each alternative?

(iii) What is the rationale for selecting the preferred alternative?

5.2 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY

The bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities relates to installation of 3 nos. of mounded

bullets of 600 MT capacity each, 8 TLD bays, 2x24 Carousals and other online

facilities for unloading, storage and filling of LPG at the plant. IOCL has proven

technology of installation and operation of mounded bullets. The expertise of IOCL in

mounded vessel storage is well proven and working efficiently at different locations of

the country. IOCL is having excellent track record and progressive outlook in

regularly updating its technology. The technology adopted by IOCL for installation of

mounded bullets for storage of LPG is a fail-safe especially for BLEVE.

5.3 ALTERNATIVE SITE

The bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities has been installed on the land leased in

SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre near Gangaikondan village in Tirunelveli district. The

reasons favorable to setting up the bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities at SIPCOT,

Gangaikondan village are



91

1. The bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities is located in the SIPCOT Industrial

Growth Centre, where basic infrastructure of roads, power, water etc. is readily

available.

2. Presently, there is no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the

districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, and Kanyakumari. Hence, this plant will cater

to the demands of the above districts and Trivandram, Kerala.

3. There is an estimated saving of Rs. 14.48 Crores/annum towards logistic cost.

4. The site is located near high demand area.

5. There is no likelihood of any residential development in the vicinity of the bulk

LPG storage and bottling facilities.

6. Possible mutual aid in emergency will be available in the industrial area.

7. Adequate availability of land within the bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities

for future expansion.

Owing to the various advantages listed above, SIPCOT Industrial Growth

Centre, Gangaikondan was chosen.

5.4 ALTERNATIVES FOR LPG STORAGE AND FILLING FACILITIES

The bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities is located in SIPCOT industrial area,

where infrastructure facilities such as land, road, power, etc are already available.

No land acquisition is required and adverse impacts related to land acquisition will not

be appeared.

5.5 ALTERNATIVE FOR RISK REDUCTION FOR LPG

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) handling has many challenges due to its inherent

dangerous properties. Some of the major fires/explosions have underlined the need for

total in depth review of design, procedures maintenance fire fighting and safety aspects

in LPG handling.

For bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities, mounded storage bullets technology has

been selected as per OISD 150. The major benefit of mounded storage bullets is that it

eliminates possibility of BLEVE. The BLEVE in mounded storage cannot occur, therefore,

mounded storage of LPG is considered relatively safe in comparison to above ground

bullets and Horton Spheres. Further, mounded bullets will be automated and

cathodically protected, hence, possibility of release of LPG will be negligible and system



92

will be relatively safe.

The cover of the mound protects the bullets from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire

in close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. The area of land required to locate

mounded system is minimal compared to conventional storage. Mounded tanks are

semi-conventional pressure vessels, covered by a layer of sand and stone aggregates.

The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a

fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. Details of mounded bullet

construction are as given below:

1. MOC for Bullets: MS - IS 2041/2062 Fr Steel Plates.

2. The dimensions of the mound are 9.11m (H) & 50m (L) x 64m (B).

3. Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 M is done for construction of mounded bullet

foundation (Below FGL).

4. Bullets are fabricated at site and positioned on sand bed

5. Total quantity of sand required is approximately 16,500 cu.m


CHAPTER 6 – ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

93

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Regular monitoring program for the environmental parameters is essential to take

account the changes in the environment due to bulk LPG storage and bottling

facilities. To ensure the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and

environmental management plan during operation phase of the LPG bottling plant, it

is essential that an effective environmental monitoring plan be designed and followed

during operation phases.

The objectives of environmental monitoring plan for bulk LPG storage and bottling

facilities are:

• To verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regards to

pipeline

• To follow the trend of concentration values of the parameters which have been

identified as critical

• To check or assess the efficiency of the mitigation measures

• To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact

assessment study, do not become critical through the bulk LPG storage and bottling

facilities.

The environmental monitoring is the primary tool for assessing the prevailing quality

of air, water, noise, land etc. The environmental monitoring helps in suggesting and

taking corrective course corrections, monitored parameters are exceeding. The

monitoring of various environmental parameters for ambient air quality, water

quality, noise levels, and soil quality will be carried out on a regular basis at and

around the bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities to ascertain the following:

• Pollution caused due to operations within the bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities.

• Change in environmental quality within and outside the bulk LPG storage and

bottling facilities

• To assess environmental impacts after operation of bulk LPG storage and


• Evaluate the efficiency of pollution control systems installed.

The environmental monitoring shall be periodic and comply with the promulgated



94

standards. The frequency of monitoring of various environmental components and

frequency to be monitored is given in Table 6.1.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULES

6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring

Ambient air quality parameters suggested during operation phase of the bulk LPG

storage and bottling facilities, are Particulate Matters (PM2.5), Particulate Matter

(PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO).

These are to be monitored at designated locations starting from the commencement of

construction activities. Data should be generated 24 hourly during operation phase at

identified locations in accordance to the National Ambient Air Quantity Standards.

During operation phase, there will not be any major source of air emissions except DG

sets and vehicular emissions through LPG road bullet tankers and cylinder trucks

approaching for loading of LPG. Six monthly ambient air quality monitoring should be

carried out at boundaries of LPG plant for Particulate Matters (PM2.5), Particulate

Matter (PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Carbon Monoxide

(CO). Six monthly monitoring should be done for Total VOC in LPG Bullet tanker

unloading areas and LPG cylinder truck parking areas.

6.2.2 Water Quality Monitoring

At the bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities, there will not be any source for ground

and surface water contamination during construction and operation phases. However,

ground water sampling and analysis can be carried out at the bulk LPG storage and

bottling facilities during operation phases. The locations, duration and pollution

parameters to be monitored and necessary institutional arrangements are detailed

in the environmental monitoring plan. The monitoring of the ground water quality

will be carried out at one location in accordance to Indian Standard Drinking Water

Specification-IS 10500 for relevant parameters as directed by Tamil Nadu Pollution

Control Board (TNPCB).

6.2.3 Noise Levels Monitoring

During operation phase of LPG bottling plant, noise will be generated due to

cylinder handling, DG sets operation, vehicles/truck movement. The measurement of

noise levels would be carried out at suggested locations in accordance to the

Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate

Change (MoEF&CC).



95

Noise levels would be monitored on twenty-four hourly basis. Noise measurements

should be recorded at “A” weighted frequency using a slow time response mode of

the measuring instrument. The noise measurement location and duration are detailed

in the environmental monitoring plan.

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Environmental monitoring plan for operation phases of the bulk LPG storage and

bottling facilities is given in Table 6.1.



96

Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Plan for LPG Bottling Plant

Environmental Component

Project stage

Parameter Standards Location Duration /

Frequency Implementation Supervision

Ambient Air Operation

Phase

VOC/HC in

IOCL LPG

Plant Area

--

- LPG Unloading

Facilities

- LPG Truck

Bullet

Parking Area

Six Monthly

Environmental

Cell of IOCL or

MoEF&CC/

NABL approved

monitoring

agency

IOCL

PM2.5, PM10,

SO2, NO2,

CO & HC on

Boundary of

IOCL LPG

plant

National

Ambient

Quality

Standard

s

At boundary wall

in upwind and

down wind

direction at

boundary of

bulk LPG

storage and

bottling

facilities

Continuous 24

hourly once in a

month.

IOCL through

MoEF&CC/

NABL approved

monitoring

agency

IOCL



97

Environmental Component

Project stage

Parameter Standards Location Duration /

Frequency Implementation Supervision

Water Quality Operation

Phase

As per IS:

10500 for

relevant

parameters

in

consultation

with TNPCB

As Water

quality

standards

(IS 10500)

bulk LPG storage

and bottling

abilities

Once in a year

IOCL through

MoEF/TNPCB/

NABL

approved

monitoring

agency

IOCL

Noise

Measurements

Operation

Phase

Noise Level in

dB (A)

As per

National

Noise

standards

At LPG

bottling plant

• LPG

Unloading

Facilities

LPG Truck

Tanker

Parking Area

24-hourly

measurement,

once quarterly.

IOCL through

MoEF/TNPCB/

NABL approved

monitoring

agency

IOCL



98

6.4 LPG leak detection mechanism

The leakage of LPG will be monitored through gas monitoring sensors (GMS) that have

installed at strategic points inside the bulk LPG storage and bottling facilities premises.

At present there are 35 Nos. of GMS sensors have been installed which are connected

to a PC in the control room for monitoring the leak levels. The sensors will give initial

alarm at 20% LEL and continuous alarm at 60% LEL so that the leakage can be

controlled before the concentration of LPG reaches its lower explosive limit. The

records will be analyzed on daily basis by the concerned officer and faults are

rectified on immediate basis.

All the persons working inside the plant premises will be mandated to wear

protection devices such as safety shoes and safety helmets in order to protect them

from fatal injuries. Safety week will be celebrated every year to create awareness

among persons in order to develop a good culture. To monitor the health of people

working in plant a doctor will be appointed who visits the plant three times a week

and free check-ups will be carried out for all the persons in the plant.

6.5 Health, safety & environment management cell

In order to implement the environmental management program efficiently within

the organization, periodical monitoring as per statutory guidelines and midcourse

corrections/actions, if required based on the environmental monitoring results,

management intends to establish environmental cell for successful implementation.

The roles & responsibilities are clearly defined among the personnel within the

environmental cell. The responsibilities of personnel are given in Table 6.2.

Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL is shown in Figure 6.1.



99

Figure 6-1 Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL

Table 6-2 Responsibilities of Personnel of the HS&E Cell

Designation Responsibility

Plant Manager

Over all planning, execution and management of environmental

Protective measures and monitoring of parameters and

various Socio- economic measures, disaster management

measures and training programs regularly.

Safety In charge

To ensure the activities are carried out as per the OSHAS standard and All the employed given safety a primary importance while

working at the Lease Area.

Manager- In charge

Overall in-charge of Monitoring of Environmental parameters and

Effectiveness of environmental protective measures taken and decide about the additional protective measures in safeguarding the overall ecology and environment.

Medical Officer

(Part Time)

Healthy check-up of working persons, for identifying occupational

Health hazards, if any. The doctor will be available 3

days/week for periodic health monitoring.


CHAPTER 7 – RISK ASSESSMENT

100

7 RISK ASSESSMENT

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Industrial plants deal with materials, which are generally hazardous in nature by

virtue of their intrinsic chemical properties or their temperature or pressure of

operation or a combination of these. Fire, explosion, hazardous release or a

combination of these are the hazards associated with industrial plants. These have

resulted in the development of more comprehensive, systematic and sophisticated

methods of Safety Engineering such as Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment to

improve upon the integrity, reliability and safety of industrial plants.

The primary emphasis in safety engineering is to reduce risk to human life and

environment. The broad tools attempt to minimize the chances of accidents occurring.

There always exists, no matter how remote, that small probability of a major accident

occurring. If the accident involves highly hazardous materials in sufficient large

quantities, the consequences may be serious to the plant, to surrounding areas and the

populations therein.

7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Risk is defined as the unwanted consequences of a particular activity in relation

to the likelihood that this may occur. Risk assessment thus comprises of two variables,

magnitude of consequences and the probability of occurrence of accident.

The first step in risk assessment is identification of hazards. Hazard is defined as a

physical or chemical condition with the potential of accident which can cause

damage to people, property or the environment. Hazards are identified by careful

review of plant operation and nature of materials used. The various scenarios by

which an accident can occur are then determined, concurrently study of both

probability and the consequences of an accident is carried out and finally risk

assessment is made. If this risk is acceptable then the study is complete. If the risk

is unacceptable then the system must be modified and the procedure is restarted.

7.3 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a colourless and odourless gas. It is highly flammable

at normal temperature and pressure (flammability limits 2.2% to 9.6 % in air),

therefore there should be no ignition sources in close proximity to areas where LPG



101

is stored and handled.

On release it may give rise to both fire and explosion hazards. LPG is a blend of Propane

and Butane, readily liquefied under moderate pressure. LPG has a density of 1.5 to

2.1 and is heavier than air, therefore, difficult to disperse. It should never be used or

stored below ground, as this could result in asphyxiation when released in a confined

space. Since LPG has only a faint scent, a mercaptan odorant is added to help in

detection of its leakage especially when used as a domestic fuel. In the event of a

LPG leak, the vapourisation of liquid cools the surrounding atmospheric air and

condenses the water vapour contained in it to form a whitish fog, which is easy to

observe. LPG in fairly large concentrations displaces oxygen leading to a nauseous or

suffocating feeling.

Physical and chemical properties of

LPG are as given below : Boiling Point

: - 42 ºC - 0ºC

Vapour Pressure : 300 – 1400 kPa @ 40ºC

Solubility in Water @ 20ºC : < 200ppm

Physical State : Liquid (gas at ambient pressure)

Colour : Colourless

Specific Gravity : Liquid 0.51 – 0.58 (water = 1)

Vapour : 1.52 – 2.01 (air = 1)

Autoignition Temperature : 466.1 ºC Flammable Limits LEL

- Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) : 2.2% (in air v/v) Flammable Limits UEL

- Upper Flammability Limit (UFL) : 9.6% (in air v/v)

As part of LPG storage and filling facilities, IOCL has opted for mounded bullets

for storage of LPG. Hence in this case, there is no possibility of Boiling Liquid

Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) as in the event of early fire, flame impingement

or heating of bullet will not be possible on mounded bullet. Therefore, from mounded

bullets, release of LPG is possible only from leakage in piping, valves or flanges, etc.

7.4 HAZARDS FROM LPG STORAGE AND HANDLING

7.4.1 Jet Fire

If released LPG is ignited immediately, jet fire may take place. The extent of injury to

people depends on the heat flux and duration of exposure to heat.



102

7.4.1 Vapour Cloud Explosion

If released LPG is not ignited immediately, the cloud of vapour LPG will spread in the

surrounding area. LPG vapours are heavier than air and tend to settle down at lower

level.

As long as the LPG concentration is between the lower and higher flammability

limits, the LPG vapour cloud may be set on fire by an ignition source. For generation

of over pressure effect, some degree of confinement of the flammable cloud is required.

7.4.2 Flash Fire

When released quantities of LPG are not ignited immediately, vapour cloud of LPG

spreads in the surrounding area, some portion of LPG vapour cloud will have LPG

concentration between the lower and upper flammable limits, the LPG vapour cloud

may be set on fire by an ignition source in entire length of flammable LPG vapour cloud

resulting flash fire. In the event of flash fire, essentially, no over pressure effect is

possible.

7.5 HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS DUE TO RELEASE OF LPG

As a result of release of LPG followed by immediate or delayed ignition, following

hazardous conditions may be encountered

7.5.1 Thermal Effects

In case of jet fire, thermal effect is likely to cause injury or damage to people and

damage to objects. A substantial body of experimental data exists and forms the basis

for thermal effect estimation. The consequence caused by exposure to heat radiation is

a function of:

• Radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2]

• Exposure duration [sec]

• Protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body)

The following damage distances for thermal radiation are used in the risk analysis

37.5 kW/m2 : Damage to process equipment. 100% fatality in 60 s exposure.

1% fatality in 10 s exposure.

12.5 kW/m2 : First degree burn in 10 s exposure

4.0 kW/m2 : First degree burn in 30 s exposure



103

7.5.2 Delayed Ignition and Explosion

In case of delayed ignition of LPG cloud, two physical effects may occur in following

ways:

• Flash fire over the whole or part of the LPG vapour cloud;

• Vapour cloud explosion that results in blast wave with typical peak

overpressures in circle around the ignition source. Vapour cloud explosion

to occur some degree of confinement is essential.

TNO Multi-energy method is used to calculate the blast overpressure. Table 7.1 gives

extent of damage with respect to the peak overpressure resulting from a blast wave:

Table 7.2 given provides an illustrative listing of damage effects caused by peak

overpressure.

7.6 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARD FOR LPG UNLOADING AND STORAGE AND FILLING

7.6.1 Categories of Hazards

For identification of hazards during handling and storage of LPG, it is essential to

identify categories of hazard. Hazard categories, which may be responsible for

accidental release of LPG from expansion are listed in Table 7.3.

7.6.2 Hazard Identification (HAZID)

Hazard Identification (HAZID) for the LPG storage and billing distribution facilities has

been carried out for likely hazardous events which may cause major accident hazards.

A systematic investigation has been carried with special focus on external events

that could potentially impact the operation and safety of facility during transfer, storage

and distribution of LPG.

7.7 Release and Outcome Scenarios

Based on unloading conditions and storage & handling conditions of LPG at the

IOCL’s, maximum credible LPG release and outcome scenarios which may result during

operation of LPG storage and filling facilities are given in Table 7.4.

Table 7-1 Damage Effects Due to Overpressure

Peak Overpressure Extent of Type

0.830 bar Total Destruction

0.350 bar Heavy Damage

0.170 bar Moderate Damage

0.100 bar Minor Damage



104

Table 7-2 Illustrative Damage Effects due to Overpressures

Peak Overpressure (Bar) Failure

0.005 5 % Window Shattering

0.02 50 % Window Shattering

Peak Overpressure (Bar) Failure

0.07 Collapse of a roof of a tank

0.07-0.14 Connection failure of panelling

0.08-0.1 Minor Damage to Steel Framework

0.15-0.2 Concrete block wall shattered

0.2 Collapse of Steel Framework

0.2-0.3 Collapse of self-framing Steel panel building

0.2-0.3 Ripping of empty oil tanks

0.2-0.3 Deformation of a pipe bridge

0.2-0.4 Big trees topple over

0.3 Panelling torn off

0.35-0.4 Piping failure

0.35-0.8 Damage to Distillation Column

0.4-0.85 Collapse of pipe bridge

0.5 Loaded Train Wagon overturned

0.5 Brick walls shattered

0.5-1.0 Movement of round tank, failure of connecting

piping

(Source: TNO)

Table 7-3 Hazard Categories

Extreme Weather and Natural Disasters

• High winds;

• Squalls;

• Lightning;

• Cyclone;

• Earthquake; etc

Human Factors

• Occupational accidents;

• Improper and Inadequate training;

• Non availability of SOPs; etc

Process Upsets

• Pressure deviations;

• Temperature deviations;

• Flow deviations;

• Level deviations; etc

Structural Failures

• Subsidence;

• Seismic;

• Corrosion;

• Fatigue; etc



105

Loss of Containment

Corrosion;

Change in fluid properties;

Deviation in Design / Operating Conditions;

Unloading activities;

Maintenance activities;

Human errors during:

Operations maintenance;

Instrumentation; etc

Ignition sources:

Electrical;

Hot surface; etc

Inspection and Maintenance

• Confined Space;

• Non Accessibility;

• Reduced visibility;

• Non availability of maintenance and inspection schedules; etc

Table 7-4 Selected Scenarios for Consequence Analysis

S.No Release Source Failure Mode Possible Outcomes

1. LPG Bullet Tanker (18

MT)

Catastrophic Rupture

(Fire) of LPG Bullet

Tanker

BLEVE/Fireball, Thermal

Radiation

Flash Fire/Vapour Cloud

Explosion

2. LPG Cylinder

(14.2 kg)

Catastrophic Rupture

(Fire) of Cylinder

BLEVE/Fireball, Thermal

Radiation

Flash Fire/Vssapour Cloud

Explosion

3. Mounded Bullets 600 MT

Failure of SRV for 15

Minutes

Jet Fire

Flash Fire/ Vapour Cloud

Explosion

4. LPG Pump Release of LPG

Jet Fire


Explosion

7. LPG Compressor Release of LPG

Jet Fire


Explosion

7.8 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

Subsequent to the accidental release of a LPG, the consequence depends on various

factors e.g. type and quantity, presence and location of an ignition source,

meteorological conditions, etc. The consequence analysis for the selected accident



106

scenarios for LPG release has been carried out to estimate the effect distance or

vulnerability zone. Once the effect distances are computed for various failure cases,

risk can be quantified and appropriate measures can be taken for risk mitigation

to eliminate damage to life and property and enhance the safety.

7.8.1 Model Used For Consequence Analysis

The risk assessment study involves a large number of computations for which

established computing aids are essential.

PHAST (Version 6.53.1) software of DNV has been used to perform the consequence

calculations. PHAST is a consequence analysis software for calculation of physical

effects (fire, explosion, atmospheric dispersion) of the escape of hazardous materials.

PHAST software allows detailed modeling and quantitative assessment of release of

pure chemicals and mixtures.

7.8.2 Consequence Analysis for LPG Release Scenarios

The consequence analysis has been carried out for various LPG release scenarios as

described in Table 7.4 of Chapter 7. Out comes of consequence analysis have been

described in subsequent section.

7.8.2.1 Rupture of 18 MT Bullet Tanker In the event of catastrophic rupture of 18 MT LPG bullet tanker, BLEVE may be occurred

on immediate ignition. Various outcomes in the event of catastrophic rupture of

LPG bullet tanker will be as given below under different stability classes:

BLEVE: Fire Ball Occurrence

Outcome Parameters 18 MT LPG Bullet Tanker

Duration of Fire Ball, (s) 78.25

Radius of Fire Ball, (m) 10.88

Fireball Lift Off Height (m) 156.51

Flame Emissive Power (kW/m2) 285.56

Thermal Radiation: Fireball Ellipse

Radiation Effects B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

4 (kW/m2) 439.01 449.199 439.01

12.5 (kW/m2) 237.853 237.853 237.853

37.5 (kW/m2) 78.2269 78.2269 78.2269



107

Late explosion worst case radii for fire ball due to catastrophic rupture of 18 MT bullet

truck are as given in Table 7.1:

Figure 7-1 Late Explosion Worst Case Radii for 18 MT

Flash Fire Envelope Concentration Distance (m)

Note: All values are in m

Flash fire envelope due to catastrophic rupture of 18 MT bullet truck is shown in Figure 7.2.

Concentration B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

Furthest Extent (LEL) 222.883 224.435 222.682



108

Figure 7-2 Flash Fire due to Rupture for 18 MT Bullet Truck

7.8.2.2 Rupture of 14.2 Kg LPG Cylinder In the event of catastrophic rupture of 14.2 kg LPG cylinder, BLEVE may be occurred

on immediate ignition. Various outcomes in the event of catastrophic rupture of LPG

cylinder will be as given below under different stability classes:

BLEVE: Fire Ball Occurrence

Outcome Parameters 14.2 Kg LPG Cylinder

Duration of Fire Ball, (s) 7.67

Radius of Fire Ball, (m) 1.70

Fireball Lift Off Height (m) 15.35

Flame Emissive Power (kW/m2) 150.12

Thermal Radiation: Fireball Ellipse

Radiation Effects B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

4 (kW/m2) 37.4981 37.9695 37.4981

12.5 (kW/m2) 19.3709 19.3709 19.3709

37.5 (kW/m2) 4.39453 4.39453 4.39453




109

Intensity radii for fire ball due to catastrophic rupture of 14.2 kg cylinder are as given in Figure 7.3:

Figure 7-3 Intensity Radii for Fireball for 14.2 kg LPG Cylinder

UEL & LEL Concentrations Distance (m)


UEL 4.59188 4.5956 4.59643

LEL 27.4572 27.4699 27.1581


Maximum Distance (m) at Overpressure Level due to Early Explosion


Overpressure (0.1 bar) 17.6617 17.6617 17.6617


Late explosion worst case radii for fire ball due to catastrophic rupture of 14.2 kg

LPG cylinder are as given in Table 7.3:



110

Figure 7-4 Late Explosion Worst Case for 14.2 kg LPG Cylinder Flash Fire Envelope

Concentration Distance (m)


Flash fire envelope due catastrophic rupture of 14.2 kg LPG cylinder is shown in Figure 7.5.


Furthest Extent (LEL) 27.4572 27.4699 27.1581



111

Figure 7-5 Flash Fire due to Rupture for 14.2 Kg LPG Cylinder

7.8.2.3 Release of SRV of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT

I. Jet Fire on Immediate Ignition

On release of LPG from SRV of mounded bullets, jet fire will be occurred on

immediate ignition. Thermal radiation distances from jet fire are given below:

Radiation Level Thermal Radiation Level Distances (m)

B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

37.5 kW/m2 Not Reached Not Reached Not Reached


4 kW/m2 42.72 42.72 42.72

Thermal radiation intensity distance from jet fire are presented in Figure 7.6.



112

Figure 7-6 Thermal Intensity from Jet Fire due to Release from SRV

II. UEL and LEL Concentration Distances

In the event of release of LPG from SRV of mounded bullets, vapour cloud will be

formed if it is not getting source of ignition. LPG vapours under UEL and LEL

concentration will be occurred at following distances.

Concentration UEL and LEL Concentration Distances (m)

B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

UEL 0.145 0.148 0.147

LEL 2.316 2.796 2.606

UEL and LEL Concentration Height

Concentration UEL and LEL Concentration Height (m)

B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

UEL 11.38 11.51 11.53

LEL 25.104

26.573

25.33

III. Flash Fire Envelope

On ignition of LPG vapours within UEL and LEL, flash fire envelope will be

formed as details given below:



113

Flash Fire Envelope (m)

B, 2 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

Furthest Extent 2.316 2.796 2.606

Flash fire envelope distances are also presented in Figure 7.8.

Figure 7-7 Flash Fire Envelope Distance

7.8.2.4 Release of LPG from Pump


On release of LPG from pump, jet fire will be occurred on immediate ignition.

Thermal radiation distances from jet fire are given below:


B, 2 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s


12.5 kW/m2 10.09 10.09 10.09

4 kW/m2 18.97 18.97 18.97

Thermal radiation intensity radii from jet fire are also presented in Figure 7.8.



114

Figure 7-8 Radiation vs. Distance from Jet Fire due to Release from Pumps


In the event of release of LPG from pump, vapour cloud will be formed if it is not

getting source of ignition. LPG vapours under UEL and LEL concentration will be

occurred at following distances.


B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

UEL 0.084 0.083 0.079

LEL 1.038 1.073 1.041



B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

UEL 5.079 5.15 5.21

LEL 9.020 9.34 9.46



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On ignition of LPG vapours within UEL and LEL, flash fire envelope will be formed

as details given below:


B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s



Figure 7-9 Flash Fire Envelope due to Release from Pump

7.8.2.3 Release of LPG From Compressor


On release of LPG from compressor, jet fire will be occurred on immediate ignition.

Thermal radiation distances from jet fire are given below:



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B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

37.5 kW/m2 5.21375 5.21375 5.21375

12.5 kW/m2 13.5293 13.5293 13.5293

4 kW/m2 23.4757 23.4757 23.4757

Thermal radiation intensity radii from jet fire are also presented in Figure 7.10.

Figure 7-10 Radiation vs. Distance from Jet Fire (Compressor)


In the event of release of LPG from compressor, vapour cloud will be formed if it

is not getting source of ignition. LPG vapours under UEL and LEL concentration will

be occurred at following distances.


B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

UEL 0.087 0.082 0.072

LEL 1.126 1.198 1.21



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B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s

UEL 3.80125 3.88819 3.95768

LEL 9.10101 9.63366 9.90947


On ignition of LPG vapours within UEL and LEL, flash fire envelope will be formed

as details given below:


B, 3 m/s D, 3 m/s E, 2m/s



Figure 7-11 Flash Fire Envelope due to Release from Compressor

7.9 FAILURE FREQUENCY DATA BASE

An incident frequency can be derived from internationally well- known generic

databases in case the design is sufficiently similar to facilities represented in the

historical failure records. This database can be used to meet the project scope



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requirements including LPG storage facility failure data. Using these data, the

frequencies of incidents can be estimated. The frequency of each incident is equal of

the failure frequencies of all individual components.

7.9.1 Flanges

For flanges, industrial sources give figures covering the range of 6E-4 (in LPG service)

to 1.6E-4 (in liquid ammonia service) failures per year. Whittle (1993) quotes a lower

failure rate of 6.2E-5 failures per year, while the failure rate quoted by Sooby (1992)

is even lower by over an order of magnitude of 3.3E-6 failures per year. Since the

quality of the pipe flanges varies enormously with application, it seems sensible to

regard this range as a reflection of flange and gasket quality. A failure frequency of 1E-

5 per year is used for high quality flanges (e.g. raised face, ring type, or grey lock

flanges used in high pressure, high temperature service). An analysis of flange failure

hole sizes shows them to be small. The analysis shows that the maximum equivalent

hole diameter for a flange leak from a 6 inch (15 mm) pipe is 12 mm. It has been

assumed that for pipes greater than 6 inch (15 mm) in diameter that 10% of all

flange leaks contribute to leaks in the range of 10 to 50 mm (i.e. 25 mm holes). For

pipes of 6 inch (15 mm) diameter or smaller all leaks are taken to fall into the 0 to 10

mm hole size range (i.e. 5 mm holes).

Table 7.5 summarizes the leak frequencies for flanges by hole size. Table 7-5 Frequencies of Flange Failure

S.No Hole size(mm) Failure Rate /year

1. 5 9.0 E-5

2. 25 1.0 E-5

3. Total 1.0 E-4

Leak frequencies for valve and flanges are summarized in Table 7.6 by hole size. Table 7-6 Frequencies of Valves and Flange Failure


1. 5 4.22 E-5

2. 25 1.38 E-4

3. Rupture 5.11 E-5



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7.9.2 Pressure Vessel Failure Frequencies

All pressure vessels are subject to cracks of various sizes. If a crack propagates

across the whole of a vessel shell, the contents are released rapidly and a “catastrophic

rupture” is said to have occurred. Smaller cracks lead to discharge over a period of

time depending on the crack size and the vessel inventory. These are referred to as

“leaks”. The failure frequencies for pressure vessels with respect to hole sizes are

summarized in Table 7.7.

Table 7-7 Frequencies of Pressure Vessel Failure


1. 5 3.7 E-5

2. 25 9.6 E-5

3. 100 9.7 E-6

4. Rupture 6.5 E-6

7.9.3 Pumps Failure Frequencies

The NPRDS Annual Reliability Report gives the most detailed leak data records for

pumps. Most of the pumps failures is detected whilst the system is in service, the

failure modes "leak" and "crack" contribute to the 5 mm leak category. The failure

modes "breach", "collapse" and "fracture/break" contribute to the 25 mm leak category.

All failures are considered as common-mode failures. The pump leak frequencies are

summarized in Table 7.8.

Table 7-8 Frequencies for Leakage of Pump

Equivalent Hole

Size (mm)

Leak Frequency/Item year

Centrifugal

Single Seal Double Seal

5 5.2 E-2 7.5 E-3

25 1.0 E-3 1.0 E-3

100 or Rupture 1.0 E-4 1.0 E-4

Total 5.31E-2 8.6 E-3

Note: Maximum equivalent hole size for pumps is considered to be 100 mm

7.9.4 Probability of Ignition

For the frequency assessment, it is necessary to estimate the probability of ignition if

a leak occurs. Ignition of a leak may occur either at the point or at some distance from

it. The cause of ignition may be the leak itself (e.g. a leak may generate static

electricity) or an ignition source, which then gives a spark and ignites the leak. The



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information available on probability of ignition is mostly in the form of expert

estimates. Table 7.9 details the ignition probabilities used in the studies.

Table 7-9 Probabilities of Ignition for Leaks of Flammable Fluids

Continuous Release

(kg/s)

Ignition Probability

Immediate Delayed No

<10 0.2 0.05 0.75 10-100 0.5 0.1 0.4

>100 0.7 0.2 0.1

Source: TNO (LPG – Study)

For small (0-25 mm) leaks probability

• Jet Fire (Immediate ignition- 25% probability)

• Flash Fire (75% probability) For Medium (25-100mm) leaks probability

• Jet Fire (Immediate ignition- 25% probability)

• Flash Fire (75% probability)

The probability of ignition depends on the availability of a flammable mixture, the

flammable mixture and ignition source and the type of ignition source (energy etc).

7.10 RISK REDUCTION MEASURES

Risk Assessment study provides a quantitative technique for assessing the significance

of the impact of any facility on its external environment, highlights key areas for

greater attention and provides a tool for comparing alternative options. Though, it

cannot substitute for close attention to the fundamentals of safety throughout the

design process or for design reviews.

For risk reduction, attempts should be made to either reduce inventories that could

get released in the event of loss of containment or failure likelihood or both as far as

feasible. Risk Assessment identifies the dominant risk contributors, which enables

prioritisation of plants/section that deserve special attention in terms of inspection

and maintenance in particular and over all safety management as a whole.

7.10.1 Risk Mitigation Measures

The LPG bottling plant is major accident hazard installations under Manufacture,

Storage, and Import of Hazardous Chemicals. Rule, 1989 and subsequent amendments.

During design, construction and operation of the facilities, numbers of safety

provisions and risk reduction measures will need to be implemented and followed



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meticulously in compliance with applicable acts, rules, regulations, codes, standards,

guidelines and best industry practices. This also includes provisions of not only state-

of-the-art equipment, control and instrumentation to enhance safety but also high

level induction and refresher

Safety trainings from senior management to contractual workers levels at the facilities.

Risk mitigation measures for the LPG bottling plant are described below:

7.10.2 Mounded Bullets

The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer as compared to above ground

storage vessels since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and

eliminates the possibility of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The

cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in

close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. The area of land required to

locate a mounded system is minimal compared to conventional storage.

The following measures are suggested during design, erection and operation of

mounded storage bullets for LPG.

i. Provisions of “OISD Standards 150: Design and Safety Requirements f or

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Mounded Storage Facility” shall be included in

design and operation.

ii. Each mound bullet shall have accessibility to fire tender from at least two

sides.

iii. Minimum separation distance between mounded LPG storage and any other

(other than LPG pump/compressor house) facility associated with LPG plant

shall be 15 meters. This distance to be measured from the edge of the mound

at finished ground level and also from the first valve on the vessel i.e. ROV.

iv. The minimum inter-distance between the edges of the vessel in a mound

shall not be less than 2 meters.

v. Proper provision shall be made for countering the consequences of the

settlement of the vessel under mound. The surrounding of the bottom

connection should be filled with such material that can absorb such

settlement.

vi. Provision shall be made to monitor the settlements of the mound by

providing permanent reference point. A minimum of three reference

points shall be installed to be able to also identify possible vessel bending

(One each near the vessel ends and one in the middle.)

vii. The fire safe Remote Operated Shutdown Valve (ROV) on liquid drain line

from the vessel shall be either from bottom of the vessel or from the top of

the vessel as per the design considerations.



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viii. In case of liquid drain line from the bottom of the vessel, the minimum

distance of 3 meters from the vessel to ROV shall be maintained. The nozzle

pipe shall have a slope of 1.5 Deg.

ix. There shall not be any other flanges, or any other tapping up-to the ROV

except in case of liquid drain line from top of the vessels.

x. Each vessel shall have at-least two pressure relief valves. The full flow

capacity of Pressure Relief Valves (PRV) on mounded vessels may be reduced

to not less than 30% of the capacity required for an equivalent size of above

ground vessel. For safety reasons, the discharge of Pressure Relief Valves

shall be connected to flare system. In this case Pressure Relief Valves (PRVs)

shall have lock open (or car seal open) type isolation valves on both sides

of Pressure Relief Valve.

xi. The Pressure Relief valves shall be tested and calibrated every year by

a competent person and records shall be maintained.

xii. Cathodic protection system shall be provided, maintained and tested routinely.

xiii. Any change in the system will be marked on P&ID. The system of

“Management of Changes” may be developed as per “Guidelines on

Management of Change” (OISD GDN 178).

xiv. Any repairs or modifications should be undertaken after statutory

approval from applicable authority.

xv. Each storage vessel shall have minimum two different types of level indicators and one independent high level switch. High level alarms shall be set at not more than 85% level of the volumetric capacity of the vessel.

xvi. Audio-visual indication shall be at local panel and control room.

xvii. Automatic fire detection and /or protection (Fixed) system based on heat

detection through thermal fuses/ quartz bulbs shall be employed. Sensors

shall be installed at all critical places including as described below:

• Minimum 1 detector shall be provided on each exposed portion of

the vessel. However if the nozzles are covered in a dome, each group

shall have 2 numbers of detectors.

• At least one near the each liquid line ROV to take care of failure of

flanges.

xviii. Suitable gas detectors shall be placed at critical locations in the LPG storage area such as, near the ROV, in inspection tunnel, near water draining/ sampling points, etc.

xix. Audio- visual alarms showing the location of gas leakage shall be provided

on the control panel in the control room. First level alarm can be set at 20%

LEL and second level alarm at 60 % LEL of LPG.

xx. All mounded storage vessels, LPG Pump Houses, Bullet Tanker Gantries shall

be fully covered by medium velocity water spray system.

xxi. LPG storage area, automatic detection of heat for automatic actuation of medium velocity sprinkler system having remote/ local operated deluge



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valve with spray density of 10 lpm/m2 of surface area shall be provided.

xxii. Hydrant and monitor coverage shall also be provided on all four sides of

the mounds for adequate coverage of unprotected portions exposed to

thermal radiation including for top of the mound and for piping, in the

immediate vicinity of the mound. In view of accessibility of unprotected

portions of the vessels, for effectiveness, installation of remote operated

monitors at appropriate height shall be considered.

xxiii. Hydrant /monitors shall be located at a safe place around the mound. In

any case fire hydrant and/or monitors shall not be installed within 15

meters from the facilities/equipment to be protected.

7.10.3 Maintenance Schedules

The proper preventive maintenance schedule should be prepared to facilitate the

maintenance service to be rendered in a planned manner covering the necessary

work to be done, mentioning the periodicity i.e. daily, weekly, monthly, half yearly and

yearly schedules.

7.10.4 Electrical Hazards

Some Important measures to minimise electrical hazards are as given below:

• The classification of area for electrical installations at LPG storage and handling

facilities shall be as per OISD Standards 113.

• Inspection of electrical equipment shall be carried out as per OISD Standards

137.

• All electrical equipments shall be provided with proper earthing.

• Earth pits shall be periodically tested and maintained in good condition.

• Emergency lighting shall be available at all critical locations including fire pump

room, control room, etc.

• All electrical equipments shall be free from carbon dust, oil deposits, and grease.

• All electrical cable will be tagged for easy identification and cable routing shall

be planned away from heat sources, gas, water, oil, drain piping and air

conditioning ducts.

• All lights in LPG storage area, pump house, unloading bays, etc will be flame

proof.

• Provisions shall be made for approved insulated tools, rubber mats, shock proof

gloves and boots, tester, fuse tongs, discharge rod, hand lamp, insulated ladder.



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• Flame and shock detectors and central fire annoucement system for fire safety

shall be provided in MCC control panel room.

• Temperature sensitive alarm and protective relays to make alert and

disconnect equipment before overheating shall be provided.

• Danger from excess current due to overload or short circuit should be

prevented by providing fuses, circuit breakers, thermal protection, etc.

• Only carbon dioxide and dry chemical fire extinguishers shall be used

for electrical fires.

7.10.5 Fire Fighting Facilities

Fire protection system shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of OISD,

NFPA standards, design requirements and safe engineering practices. Fire fighting

facilities should have full capability for early detection and suppression of fire. The fire

fighting system will primarily consist of:

• Hydrant system

• Foam protection system

• Deluge sprinkler system

• Portable fire extinguisher

• Fire detection and alarm system

Presently, fire fighting facilities are available at IOCL’s LPG Bottling Plant. After

commissioning of LPG Storage and filling facilities, fire fighting facilities should be

augmented as per relevant OISD/NFPA/TAC Standards. Fire water requirement and

fire water storage shall be evaluated for two fires for 4 hours at any point of time in the

Plant.

The following facilities are available in the plant:

Water storage capacity = 2500 Kl x 3 Nos

Fire water pumps = 3 Nos (main 2x 615 cum/hr & standby 1 x 615 cum /hr)

Jockey pumps - 2 Nos (10 cum/hr)

Hydrant Points (Double Head), Water Monitors, Sprinklers, Deluge valve systems are

installed for the project.

Automatic Medium Velocity Water Sprinkler System:

The system has been provided on all operating areas and considered to be a very

effective fire fighting system.



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It has a control valve or deluge valve which when actuated, will deluge water into

protect spray installation and give an effective spray cover to the area.

An additional feature, compressed air lines with heat detectors or quartzoid bulbs

which breaks at 79 oC and actuates the sprinkler system facility automatically.

Remote actuating / Solenoid valve facility is available near security

room.

Public Addressing System

This is an intrinsically safe, internal communication system which facilitates internal

communication as well as public address.

Intercom

This Intercom connected to P & T line can be used for communication internally and

externally at Main Office.

Occupational Health, Safety & Environmental Features in the

Project Process Safety & Safety Features

Process Safety focuses on the prevention of fires, explosions and accidental chemical

releases at LPG Bottling facilities.

Safety Management Systems

The Safety Officer in co-ordination with Shift-in-Charge review all plant operations to

identify potential unsafe conditions and / or potential problems which may lead to

health or safety exposures.

Plant personnel shall work with the Safety Officer to identify potential problems

and to identify proper operational procedures and the operational areas of the plant.

Actions to be taken include equipment or procedural changes, development of

exposure monitoring strategies, and inclusion of warning statements in procedures.

Hazard Analysis by the Team

QRA studies are conducted at plant before commissioning and also applied to the

installation and modification of buildings, equipments, mechanical and electrical

systems, utilities, fire protection system, grounds etc. Plans or specifications on

designated projects shall be submitted to an acceptance committee consisting of

Operations Manager, Engineering. Manager, Safety Manager for review prior to

project implementation. Recommendations will be submitted with the final plans

and specifications to the Departmental head for review. If the departmental head finds



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that plans and specifications are not meeting the recommendations of the acceptance

committee, he shall return the final plans to the originator for modifications or a

justification of deviations.

Inspections

The officer in charge of each function are responsible for ensuring the timely

completion of periodic inspections and correction of problems.

The frequency of specific inspections is as follows:

Safety Facilities in the Plant

• Leak detection, prevention

• Elimination of source of ignition

• Fire prevention / fighting

• Communication, First aid, Rescue and Personnel protection equipment.

The facilities are detailed below.

Leak Detection:

Gas Monitoring System:

The system consists of gas detecting sensors with a control panel and audio / visual

alarms. The sensors were located at sensitive or potential hazard areas in the plant

with two audio alarms at security room and Filling shed to alert workmen regarding

the risk and continuous monitoring / recording in PC at control room .

Leak Prevention / Minimizing:

Air / Vapour Extraction System: It is basically a blower with ducts extended to

different operating points in filling shed. The blower extract any leaking LPG vapour

from the floor level and cold flares the same to free atmosphere at LPG cylinder filling

shed.

Remote Control Valves:

These are electro – pneumatically operated quick shut off valves provided on LPG

pipelines with actuating points located remotely and nearer to operating facilities

in plant. When actuated, the valves will close within 25 seconds, starving the LPG

flow in pipelines. The ROV’s are installed at the following locations:

• Storage bullets Liquid & Vapour lines

• TLD liquid lines

• LPG Pump out let lines near filling shed



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ROV’s Interlock with High Level Alarm

All LPG bulk mounded vessels are fitted with High Level Alarm switches which gives

alarm when product reaches 85% of its volume. A signal has been taken from HLA to

actuate the ROV to close which will stop the flow of liquid into vessels. This stops the

over filling/flowing of LPG into vessels.

Ignition Sources

Another identified potential source for Fire accidents is “Ignition”. To eliminate such

sources, following are ensured.

Safety Equipments:

Electrically operated siren : 1 Nos. ( 3KM )

Hand Operated Siren : 8 Nos. In addition following First Aid / Rescue and Personnel Protection Equipments are

available. Breathing Apparatus : 1 sets (1 Spare cylinders)

Fire Proximity Suits : 1

Safety Helmets : 60

Rubber Hand Gloves : 2 Pairs

Resuscitator : 2

Safety Belt with Harness : 2

Explosive Meter : 2

Stretchers : 2

First Aid Boxes : 4

Leak Sealing Pad : 1

Water jel blankets : 2

Voltage & Current Detector : 1

Red / Green flags : 1 set

Fire Extinguishers

DCP - 9 kg Capacity : 97

75kg Capacity : 05

CO2 - 4.5 kg Capacity : 14

Foam Type– 9 lit : 05

7.10.6 Control Room

• Control room shall be located at a sufficient distance from operating areas

• All control room should be blast proof and shock proof.

• Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line.

• Minimum number of doors shall be provided in the control room while

at least two door should be provided for safe exit during emergency.



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• Smoke detection system shall be provided for control room.

7.10.7 Safety Audit and Inspection

Checklist based routine inspection and safety audits should be carried out in line with

OISD - 144 for mounded bullets, pumps, piping and unloading bays, etc. Any gap or

noncompliance should be implemented on priority in time bound manner.

7.10.8 Induction and Refresher Safety Trainings

The provision shall be made for structured induction and refresher safety trainings

for LPG handling system from senior management to contractual workers levels at the

facilities.

7.10.9 Emergency Response Plan

Anticipating and planning for various contingencies is crucial for ensuring the success

of any emergency response actions in an actual Emergency Situation. On-site

Emergency response plan shall be prepared for LPG Storage and filling facilities, to take

the action in an unlikely event of emergency due to accidental release of LPG.

Emergency Response Plan should be updated based on findings of mock drills.

7.10.10 Mock Drill Exercises

Mock drill should be conducted once in six months. Exercises or drills have two

basic functions, namely training and testing. While exercises do provide an effective

means of training in response procedures, their primary purpose is to test the

adequacy of the emergency management system and to ensure that all response

elements are fully capable of managing an unlikely emergency situation.

Mock drills are best means of accomplishing the following goals and

objectives:

• To reveal weaknesses in the plans and procedures before emergencies occur.

• To identify deficiencies in resources (both in manpower and equipment).

• To improve the level of co-ordination among various response personnel,

departments and agencies.

• To clarify each individual’s role and areas of responsibility.

7.11 PUBLIC HEARING

M/s IOCL, Tirunelveli bottling unit conducted public hearing through TNPCB on

14.12.2018. The details of PH proceedings along with time bound action is enclosed as

Annexure VIII.


CHAPTER 8 – DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

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8 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is prepared for meeting any emergency

response in the event of fire accident, hazards etc., through the effective and optimum

utilization of all the facilities inbuilt in the plant and available in the neighbouring areas

as such. This plan has got two sub chapters, First chapter guides for meeting the ‘On

- Site Emergency” and the Second chapter guides “Off - Site Emergency”.

This off- site emergency response is prepared to ensure the participation of all the

concerned civil agencies in and around this plant with a view to seek their preparedness

in meeting such emergencies and to bring about a coordinated task force involving in

district authorities. Fire service department, railways, factories inspectorate,

electricity board and other protection forces available in similar type of industries

meeting of all the above agencies is also the method of operation of ‘ On site

Emergency Plan / Disaster Management Plan”.

Disaster management plan will have necessary scope for review of its effectiveness

in its working and adapting to any new systems of further improving upon the

implementation of the plan itself.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Bulk LPG Storage & Bottling Facility plant, SIPCOT

Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan Village Tirunelveli Taluk and District, Tamil

Nadu – desired to get a risk assessment study carried out for their Liquefied

Petroleum Gas (LPG) storage facility located at Gangaikondan Village Tirunelveli Taluk

and District, Tamil Nadu.

This plant is spread over an area of 42 Acres land and is surrounded by its entire

periphery with 3 m height compound wall over which 0.6 m of barbed fencing is

provided. Inside of the periphery wall of the premises, a width of 30 m green belt

area is developed with all around asphalted ring road. 13.86 Acres area has been

earmarked for green belt development.

The plant is constructed meeting all the statutory requirements of state / central

government and international standards and specifications stipulated. The fire fighting

system and organization established here is capable of taking care of any type of

fire and hazardous occurrence incidental to the operation and maintenance of the



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plant and to serve the neighbouring areas.

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Emergency/disaster is an undesirable occurrence of events of such magnitude and

nature that adversely affect production, cause loss of human lives and property as well

as damage to the environment. Industrial installations are vulnerable to various kinds

of natural and manmade disasters. Examples of natural disaster are flood, cyclone,

earthquake, lightning etc. and manmade disasters are like major fire, explosion,

sudden heavy leakage of toxic/poisonous gases, civil war, nuclear attacks, terrorist

activities, sabotage etc. It is impossible to forecast the time and nature of disaster,

which might strike an undertaking. However, an effective disaster management plan

helps to minimize the losses in terms of human lives, plant assets and environmental

damage and resumes working condition as soon as possible.

Risk analysis forms an integral part of disaster management plan and any realistic

disaster management plan can only be made after proper risk analysis study of the

activities and the facilities provided in the installation. Correct assessment and

evaluation of the potential hazards, advance meticulous planning for prevention

and control, training of personnel, mock drills and liaison with outside services

available can minimize losses to the plant assets, rapidly contain the damage effects

and effectively rehabilitate the damage areas.

Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli is located in SIPCOT Industrial Area at Gangaikondan

in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu State. It is located adjacent to NH-7 which

connects Varanasi & Kanyakumari and 18 km from Tirunelveli city. The LPG Bottling

Plant covers about 42 acres of land.

The nearest railway station is situated at Gangaikondan at a distance of 4KM(E).The

nearest Airport is situated at Tuticorin at a distance of 33.55 km (SW). The activity of

this plant is to receive LPG in bulk trucks. Transfer LPG from Truck to mounded

bullets, transfer of LPG from mounded bullets to filling in cylinders. The entire

operation is a sealed delivery system. Further in this location there is no manufacturing

activity. The only activity is to transfer tank of LPG from

Truck → Vessel → Cylinder Filling

At the bottling plant, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is received through road tankers.



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The LPG is then stored in bullets and sphere and filled in cylinders for distribution using

integrated filling machines called Carousals.

The following were present at the existing facility:

1. LPG Mounded Bullet 600 MT - 3 No’s (Total LPG Capacity)

2. LPG Pump/ Compressor House

3. TLD shed (8 Bays)

4. Loading and Unloading shed

5. Filling / Empty Storage shed

6. Fire fighting facility as per OISD standard

7. 750 KVA Capacity DG set - 1 No

8. 250 KVA Capacity DG set - 1 No

This plant is having DMP consisting of onsite emergency and off site emergency plan

cleared by competent authorities. In this connection the following plans, documents

are available in the ERDMP available for the plant.

1. Location plan of the installation indicating sitting of the installation at

neighbouring details up to a distance of 2 km from the installation in each

direction.

2. Site plan of the installation showing a complete layout of the installation

indicating boundary walls, exit and entry gates and location of various facilities.

3. Layout of fire water systems and fire fighting equipment details.

4. Line block diagram of manufacturing process and Process Flow Diagram

(PFD) of each unit.

5. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for all hazardous chemicals stored,

handled, produced and transported in the installation.

6. Internal and external emergency contact numbers and addresses of police, fire

station, hospitals, mutual aid industry, factory inspectors, State Pollution

Control Board, Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization (PESO), etc.

7. Addresses and telephone directory of technical support services such as

environmental laboratories, fire fighting chemical suppliers, public and

private consultant associated with emergency handling and aviation medical



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services, if any.

8. Security threat plan.

9. Health Safety and Environment (HSE) policy

8.2 PLANT DATA

Table 8.1: Contact Details of IOCL Plant

Location of the Plant SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre Gangaikondan - 627 352

Postal Address

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.,

Indane Bottling Plant

SIPCOT Industrial Growth Center

Gangaikondan-627 352

Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu.

Telephone

Numbers

STD Code - 0462-2445133, 2445233

0462-2445133 (Fax),

Jurisdiction of the Factory Inspectorate DY. Chief Inspector of Factories, Tirunelveli

8.2.1 Product Handled Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Licensed Storage Capacity

Mounded Bullets Mounded Bullet - 1 600 MT

Mounded Bullet - 2 600 MT Mounded Bullet - 3 600 MT Total 1800 MT

Tanker Load Decantation (TLD) 8 Bays

8.2.2 Manpower Requirement

The manpower requirement for the LPG Bottling plant is as given below:

Regular Employees 10

Security Staff 20

Personnel Trained in First Aid 10

Others (Technicians/Helpers) 5

8.3 POLICY, OBJECTIVE & AUTHORITY OF THE PLAN

It is one of the well-conceived policy of IOCL that every responsible care caution and

effort shall be made to provide and maintain safe and health working atmosphere

for the men, materials and methods. The policy also endeavours to ensure that the

surrounding environment is also assured of utmost safety and health conditions.

The objectives of the plan is ‘Prevention’ as its foremost achievement of any accident



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or happening of any hazard which will lead to personal injury or damage to people and

property. This is the absolute and integrated theme of the plan. And in achieving the

objectives, every employee of this plant shall be discharging his duties and

responsibilities by voluntary co-operation and participation in maintaining &

improving the safety standards and parameters.

As the plan envisages potential hazards conditions remaining within the plant, the

objective is to ensure that it does not invite threat to safety and health standards of

the general public. Preservation of life is given the foremost place while drawing out

the plan and all procedures are to be carried out to reduce risks to emergency personal,

rescue and medical activities will have their own priorities towards this end.

This plan encompasses all applicable central and state statutory requirements

governing the emergency situations. The following statutory agencies are involved as

pioneer agencies for this plan:

1. Factories Inspectorate

2. District Authorities

3. Police Authorities

4. Chief Controller of Explosives

5. Pollution Control Boards

6. Fire Service Authority

7. Electricity Authority

8. Medical Authority

8.4 PLANT SAFETY COMMITTEE

8.4.1 Purpose

The purpose of the plant safety committee is to encourage team work is addressing

safety concerns and promoting safety ideas. Presently two teams namely safety

committee and safety circle and safety committee will be on a rotational basis once in

two years. The safety committee and safety circle meet once in a month to discuss the

issues.

The safety committee / circle consist of representatives from workmen and

management. Plant manager will chair in the meeting and safety officer is

responsible for convening, conducting the meeting and implementation of the decisions



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taken during the meeting.

8.4.2 Procedure

The plant safety committee will meet once in one month, ideas and concerns presented

at the meeting should be discussed agreed upon and corrective actions taken. The safety

officer will keep minutes of each meeting. The minutes will include the review of the

earlier minutes of the meetings names of those present, points presented & discussed

during the current meeting and items to be resolved.

Likewise safety circle will meet once in a month, Plant manager, safety officer and

minimum other four employees. The Plant Safety Officer will keep minutes of each

meeting as outlined in safety committee meeting and minutes will be posted to

regional operations and S & EP department.

8.4.3 Bottling Process and Product Specifications

This LPG bottling plant will be engaged in receipt of bulk LPG in bullets trucks, stores

and bottling of LPG in cylinders and supply to various customers/consumers/

distributors coming under marketing jurisdiction.

The plant will consist of receiving LPG in bulk bullets trucks (bullet trucks) from

refinery and import terminals and loading at the same in the plant in the storage

tanks and filling into the cylinders for subsequent dispatch to distributors. LPG

mainly consists of commercial butane and propane. It is stored in liquid from with

moderate increase in pressure and becomes gas under atmospheric conditions.

8.4.3.1 Specifications and Typical Characteristics of LPG

Table 8.2: Specifications and Typical Characteristics of LPG

Vapour Pressure at 65 C˚ 16.87/sqcm

Density of Liquid at 15 C˚ 0.525-0.570

Boiling Point (-) 18 oC to +6 oC

Gross calorific value 11400 Kcal/kg

Limits of flammability 1.8% to 9.2%

Theoretically maximum flame 2000 oC

Minimum ignition temperature 410 oC

• Liquid LPG is about half as heavy as water

• LPG vapour is about 1.5 to 2 times heavier than air. As a result of this

property, and leakage of LPG tends to settle down at floor level particular fly



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in drains, pits etc.

• Coefficient of volumetric expansion of LPG is 100 times that of steel.

• When liquid LPG is released from a container or a pipe, it vaporizes

almost immediately. This cools the surrounding air and may cause water

vapour in the air to condense, freeze and become visible. In this way, LPG

leakage may be detected even the gas itself is invisible.

• LPG is distinctively odorized to give warning in case of leakage.

• Flammable mixture of LPG vapour and air will never ignite or explode unless

the ignition source is present.

• Evaporating product, especially in liquid form, can become cold enough to

cause frost burns on bare flesh.

• One volume of liquid LPG will expand to approximately 250 volumes of

vapour in air, Liquid LPG leaks; therefore create more hazards compared to

vapor Leaks. Pressure in a LPG vessel is independent of the amount of the

liquid within it as long as it is neither full nor empty of liquid. For any given

LPG, the temperature is the only variable, governing the pressure.

8.4.4 Other Important Properties

• LPG reaches lower limit of flammability very quickly as compared to other

gases. “Auto-Refrigeration” occurs when liquid LPG evaporates into gaseous

LPG.

• Presence of air in lines/vessels/cylinders will cause build-up of high pressure.

• Liquid LPG can cause “Cold Burns”

• Explosion can occur in case ignition of accumulated LPG air mixtures.

• LPG can be ignited by static electric charges, tiny sparks, etc., Pressure

inside a cylinder drops marginally with use.

8.4.5 Hazardous Substance

The following are the list of hazardous and consumable materials

received/stored and handled in the plant.

1. LPG – will be received through bullet trucks and stored in the mounded

bullets and bottling the same in cylinders.

2. HSD - Fuel for use in generators, fire engines.



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3. LUBEOILS - for lubricating engines and other machineries

4. CHIANKOTE - Soap solution for use in the conveyor systems

This plant will be receiving, storing and then filling the LPG in cylinders and supply

to the customers, consumers through distributors. The LPG is being received in bulk

through bullet truck from Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chennai and

Mangalore Refineries and Petrochemicals. Ltd., Mangalore. The bulk product received

through the bullet trucks will be stored in the storage bullets/sphere and then filled

into cylinders.

The filled cylinders and then transported through stack trucks to the authorized

distributors for supply and delivery to the consumers/customers. This distribution

is being done from the distributors end through open mini-lorries, tricycles etc.

8.5 CONCEPT OF EMERGENCY OPERATION

The basic concept of this disaster management plan is to provide a comprehensive

approach for managing emergencies. The following are the four class classified

approach towards managing the plan.

1. Prevention

2. Preparedness

3. Response

4. Recovery

1. Prevention includes all those activities that are aimed at elimination or

reduction in the probability of a disaster itself.

2. Preparedness includes all activities required for ensuring a high degree of

alertness top respond instantaneously to any accident/ disaster.

3. Response activities are those activities which refer to the measures taken

during the emergency occurrence to minimize / eliminate damage to the plant

and surrounding areas and prevent the loss of life.

8.5.1 Assumptions

The certain assumptions have been made in the course of designing this plan viz.

1. That the fire services, Police department, other emergency service agencies

shall be contracted and they shall be readily respond to an emergency

occurrence and will provide necessary support.



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2. That the Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli of the IOCL, employees recognize and

will carry out their basic responsibilities in an emergency.

3. Thus the local fire police personnel and other local authorities will assume

their responsibility for On-site emergency response.

8.5.2 Situations

Situations for which the provisions if this plan are designed are those emergency

incidents where is a potential for severe consequences. This includes situations that

may not be limited to the Indane Bottling Plant alone and would involve a risk to life,

health, the environment or to property.

Technological disasters include a hazards occurrence such as materials

accident, fire, explosion, utility failure etc.

Natural disasters include earthquake, flood, wisdom etc.

Social disasters include bomb threat, arson, riot, labour strike, terrorism,

hostage incident etc.

Health disasters include epidemic, pollution etc.,

International crisis includes war, terrorism etc.,

8.6 HAZARDS

8.6.1 Hazards of LPG

8.6.1.1 Health Hazards Inhalation-Vapour Phase LPG in its pure form, is odourless and contains no toxic components and is therefore

non- poisonous, Ethyl Mercaptan is added to odorize LPG to help in detecting any

leakage.

Burns by Freezing

LPG in liquid form should not come in contact the surface of the body otherwise it will

flesh the freezing effect called “Cold Burn”. The result may be serious.

8.6.1.2 Fire Hazards

Product Discharge Liquid Phase

A liquid discharge is always more serious than a discharge in the vapour phase. As

liquid discharges and vaporises, the volume of liquid changes in to vapour volume

approx. 250 times greater, therefore a greater hazard exists.



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Fire (Fed by Vapour Discharge)

Fire fed by a vapour discharge may be elevated and not impinging upon tanks,

buildings etc. The vapour fed fire would normally burn relatively close to the point of

discharge.

Explosion

The distribution of LPG vapour within the atmosphere in people proportions and

within confined space can create an explosion should the source of ignition be

provided. Following on LPG explosion of fire nay be caused by the ignition of other

flammable materials or a continuous discharge of gas may burn.

8.6.1.1 Other Hazards

Leakage to atmosphere especially of liquid LPG will result in rapid vaporization

creating large volume of flammable Vapour. Because LPG is heavier than air it tends

to flow along the ground. Unless efforts are quickly made to disperse its

accumulation, it may at under normal conditions, remain there for a long time, with

the possibility of fire through an ignition source some distance away from the

source leakage. A very small proportion of vapour in air will give rise to flammable

mixture which can cause fire if source of ignition is present.

8.7 COPING MECHANISM

8.7.1 Coping within the Industry

• Full safety control mechanism which has incorporated, manpower

maintenance and human resource development programme in

addition to mechanical component/plant Maintenance.

• Built-in safety measures with a constant control over safety parameters and

access to information on component failure records with respect to plant and

machinery.

• Additional measures over and above statuary requirements to ensure

safety in plant operations, maintenance work procedure and storage codes.

• Compliance of statutory requirements under various safety regulations

currently enforced.



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8.7.2 Coping Mechanism at Community Level

• Calculated, well-organized formal and conscious effects to involve all

concerned agencies in disaster preparedness have been identified and mock

drills are planned / to be practiced.

• Informal pressure groups, social, non-governmental organizations have

been making efforts to organizations for community preparedness based

on available hazard information.

• Formal and specific hazards information exists in the majority of the

neighbouring general public but does not amount to concern for

preparedness to react cogently.

• Informal and general community awareness created by media etc. Exists

whereby only knowledge about possible major risk involving community

exists.

8.8 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

The main features and elements of the disaster management plan are as follows

1. Emergency plan for the plant (On-Site)

2. Emergency plan for the surrounding area (Off-Site)

8.8.1 On Site Emergency Plan for the Plant

1. In the enclosed blue print of the premises of LPG plant premises, the

hazardous and non-hazardous zones have been indicated.

2. The emergency control will be the main administrative building where the

Fire In-charge will direct the entire operation. He will also coordinate

the entire operations with the key persons. The assembly points for pre-

designated persons from the works, contractors and other will be either

(a) area nearer to the main administrative building of (b) nearer to the

main gate security cabin which are non-hazardous areas.

8.8.1.1 Procedure for Meeting the Emergency

The following are the procedures for fighting the emergency situation.

1. Communications System

1. Public Address System - 1 no



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2. Motorola handset Walkie-Talkie - 8+1 nos. (One base station + 6 handsets)

3. BSNL Telephones

4. Electrically operated siren

5. Hand operated siren

Attention all the employees working in the plant and also stack truck / bullet

truck crews contractors will be called for the emergency situations by operating the

Fire sirens.

2. Services & Control Systems

The following facilities and firefighting equipments / apparatus / installations are available.

1. Red / Green Flags - 2 nos (each)

2. Fire Pumps - Centrifugal pumps 5 nos.

- Capacity 615 m3 / Hr-88 m lead

3. Water Hydrant - Double hydrant - 44 nos.

4. Manual Call Points - 10 nos.

5. Hand Siren - 08 nos.

6. ETB - 06 nos.

7. Automated ROVs - 11 nos

8. Gas Monitoring System (No. of sensors) - 35 nos

9. Electrically operated fire sirens - 01 nos

10. Portable Mega Phone - 01 nos

11. Red/Green Flags - 02 sets

12. Bore wells - 03 nos

13. Sprinkler System - All area

14. 10 kg DCP Fire Extinguishers - 101 nos

15. 75 Kg DCP Fire Extinguishers - 05 nos

16. CO2 type Fire Extinguishers - 15 nos

17. Fire Hoses (15 m length) - 65 nos

18. Jet Nozzles - 28 nos

19. Universal Nozzle - 02 nos

20. Water Curtain Nozzle - 02 nos

21. Fire Hydrant Monitors - 44 nos



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22. Sand Buckets - 08 nos

23. Water Gel Blanket - 02 nos

24. First Aid Box with Medicines - 04 nos

25. Safety Helmet - 50 nos

26. Breathing Apparatus - 01 nos

27. Resuscitator - 01 nos

28. Explosimeter - 02 nos

29. Stretchers - 02 nos

30. Fire Proximity Suit - 01 nos

31. Rubber Hand Gloves for electrical safety - 02 pairs

32. CO2 cartridges for 10 kg DCP - 101 nos

33. DCP bags - 1010 kg

34. Fire Trolley - 01 nos

3. Control Room

The control room is equipped with the following facilities for firefighting

emergency/hazardous situation

1. 1 no. Telephone

2. Main control - All car pager phone

3. Layout of the plant premises and the layout of the firefighting equipments

location.

4. Nominal roll of employees

5. List of key persons and their telephone numbers viz, fire station, police

station, hospital etc are available on a board prominently displayed.

6. Officer’s in-Charge available at the control room during working hours

including on Sundays and holidays / night hours.

4. Roll Calls

All personal except those who are detailed to fight emergency will be asked to

assemble in safe place.

8.8.1.2 Maintenance of Equipments / Facilities Supplies Purpose

To ensure an effective response to emergency situations, adequate quantities and

types of supplies and equipments are to be maintained on-site for use by the



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emergency brigade and others.

Responsibility

Responsibility for maintaining plant equipment is assigned to the operations officer

(Maintenance) and operations officers (Safety) jointly. Elaborate and effective safety

facilities are provided in plant to combat any type of contingencies.

The facilities are broadly provided considering the following:

1. Leak detection, prevention

2. Elimination of source of ignition

3. Fire prevention / fighting

4. Communication, Fire aid, Rescue and Personnel protection.

The facilities provided are

1. The fire water storage tanks (2 nos) of capacity 2500 kl each (7500 kl)

2. 3 nos. fire water pumps capable of 615 kl / hour

1. Gas Monitoring System

The system consists of gas detecting sensors with a control panel and audio / visual

alarms. 35 nos. of sensors are located at sensitive and potential hazard areas in the

plant with alarms at control room, office administration building and local station to

monitor the gas leaks and regarding the risk.

2. Air / Vapour Extraction System

It is basically a blower with ducts extended to different operating points in filling shed.

The blower extract any leaking LPG vapour from the floor level and cold flares the

same to free atmosphere. This system is electrically interlocked with filling machines

to ensure operation when, filling operation are carried out.

3. Remote Operated Valves (ROV)

These are electro pneumatically operated quick shut off valves provided on liquid

LPG pipelines with actuating points located remotely and nearer to operating facilities

in the plant, when actuated the valves will close within 10 seconds, stalling the LPG

flow in pipelines.

4. Additional Safety Measures

Another identified potential source for fire accidents is Ignition. To eliminate such



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sources, following are ensured:

1. Flame proof and intrinsically safe electrical systems and equipments only are

installed.

2. Spark retardant flooring or mastic floor in cylinder handling area.

3. Effective bonding and earthing connection for equipments and product

pipelines to prevent static electricity.

8.8.1.3 Fire Organisation Chart Fire Organisation Chart for On-Site Emergency Response

A detailed and exhaustive firef ighting chart as per Annexure ‘c’ spelling out the

specific responsibilities for the personnel in the event of fire / hazard (both in English

& Tamil) is exhibited prominently near the administrative block for precise co-

ordination & action during the emergency operation.

The entire firefighting operation has been classified into three groups of personnel.

They are,

I. Fire combating team

II. Rescue team

III. Auxiliary team

An exhaustive functions of the different teams during the emergency are as detailed

below.

I. Fire Combating Team In –charge - Location In -charge

Alternative In charge - Dy. Manager (Plant)

Alternative - Floor Officer

Fire Fighting Order

1. Person noticing the fire should immediately try to put it out using 10 kg DCP fire

extinguisher and shout “FIRE”, “FIRE” to draw the attention of others and call for

help and intimate location of fire spot to the security, trip the ETB / Operate

hand siren.

2. Person nearer to the fire spot should communicate over the page phone or by

shouting the spot of fire.

3. On receipt of information, one of the security personnel at the main gate intimate

public address system. Another security personnel will rush to the spot with red



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flag shouting, “Fire”…… “Fire”……

4. On hearing fire siren, the in-charge / Alternate in-charge of combat team will rush

to the fire spot and issue instruction for speedy combating.

Filling Shed / Cold Repair Shop

Floor officer’s in-charge of individual functions like productions, cold repair shop,

evacuation, purging should direct personnel as per fire fighting orders and lead them

to the fire spot and await instructions from fire chief. On instructions from the fire

chief give instructions to down the line members.

Work Stations

Tare Weight Punching (Carousel Inlet)

The operator working at this work spot should rush to the fire spot. Take position in

one fire monitor and operate after instruction.

Unloading / Inspection / Tally Cylinder work

Operator, working at this work spot shall rush to fire spot, take position in one fire

monitor and operate after instruction.

Integrated Correction Unit

Operator working at this work spot to rush to fire spot assist unloading tally in

monitor opening.

Online Evacuation

Operator working in this area to remove the cylinders from the evacuation stands, place

them upright and disconnect the hoses. Stop all leaks from the cylinders by plugging

with safety caps, to close the isolation valves and rush to fire spot assist inlet operator

in monitoring opening.

LPG Pump House

Operation Officer in-charge of pump house operations / bulk decantation operation to

closely supervise personnel to carry out the fire fighting orders and make sure that

the unloading arms are disconnected without leak and moved out to safer place. Report

to the fire chief for his instructions.

One of the pump house operator to release the pneumatic pressure for closing remote

operated valves, pump house / TLD operator to shut down liquid and vapour valves,

disconnect hoses and advise BT drivers to move out cautiously under the advice of

Officer in-charge and rush to fire spot, after collecting breathing apparatus from Fire



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Trolley. Another pump house operator will rush to the spot and operate the sprinkler

system and assist in the hydrant operations.

Fire Pump House / Air Compressor Room

PMCC operator should ensure the fire engine operation and monitor.

Generators Switch Room

The operators will ensure that power supply to the motors / equipments are tripped

and rush to the fire pump house and a wait instruction of fire chief.

Operator at Loading Point / Cylinder Tally Work

Rush to the fire spot take position in one hydrant point and operate after instruction.

Maintenance Operator-1

Rush to the fire spot take position in one hydrant point and operate after instruction.

II. Rescue Team

In-Charge - Accounts officer / in-charge Accounts. Alternative In-

Charge - AO-II/ OO II

Fire Fighting Orders

1. Ensure that all the personnel in the office follow the fighting orders of the

rescue team.

2. Set up communication with fire station /District authorities, etc. in coordination

with fire chief and await instructions on hearing fire alarm.

Relief-1

The operator relief-1 will rush to the fire spot with stretcher.

Relief-2

The operator relief-1 will rush to the fire spot with water jel blanket and wait for team

leader instruction.

Maintenance-2

The operator in maintenance-2 will rush to fire spot with fire proximity suit and wait

for instructions.

Accounts officer-II

Keep documents under safe custody and allow visitors, contractor labours to move to the

safe place.



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1. Rush to canteen and move out of the contract labours/outsiders to the assembly

point.

2. To move visitors from out of office to the assembly point.

III Auxiliary Team

In-charge - Dy. Manager (Plant) Alternative

In-charge - Officer in General Shift

1. Rush to the emergency spot along with the team members, with required

hoses, nozzles, helmets etc. and assist Combating team.

2. Arrange to move the fire trolley to the emergency spot.

ICU Operator

The operator in ICU will rush to the fire spot assist the trolley operator in operating

Monitor.

Evacuation

The operator in ICU will rush to the fire spot assist the inlet operator in operating

monitor. The security gate in general shift should ask all the visitor, contract labours to

assemble at the assembly point, near S & D and should do the head counting as per the

entry pass.

Fire Fighting Orders

1. Supervise smooth movement of vehicles out of the gate.

2. To ensure relief personnel from workers change room to rush to the firespot with

nozzles.

3. Personnel working in stores shall keep all important documents in safe custody

and rush to the fire spot with first aid box and other consumables.

4. Operations officer in S & D will ensure the smooth evacuation of the cylinder

trucks.

5. Auxiliary team members to move CO2 cartridges, nozzles, DCP, Fire hoses etc,

to fire spot as per the instructions of auxiliary team in charge.

Security

1. Run to the fire spot with red flag, shouting “FIRE.... FIRE....

2. One security guard will close / open the gate & regulate the traffic

3. One security guard will be able at the emergency gate and will count the number of

cylinders in truck going out.



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4. Security supervisor will count the number of men at the assembly point and tally

with the entry passes.

8.8.1.4 Action Plan for Raising Emergency Alarm and Communication to

Various Agencies (During Working Hours) Alarm

- Person seeing the fire will raise the alarm by shouting “FIRE, FIRE” to attract the

attention of all

- Person hearing “FIRE, FIRE” sound shall operate nearby hand siren or electric

siren (at office) to give signal of emergency.

- Security at gate shall operate electric siren to communicate emergency to all

plant personnel for action plan.

- If the situation is uncontrollable, the fire chief shall instruct AO II to contact and

get the assistance from external agencies.

Communication

- Operations officer, on the advice of chief fire in-charge shall communicate to

police, adjoining industries. Ambulance and panel doctor and other important

persons.

- AO II shall contact fire service and external agencies if required under advice

from fire chief.

- Fire station on advice of IOCL’s chief fire in-charge shall contact outside

agencies, for rendering assistance and arranging rescue, evacuation and medical

aid.

- Police control room on receiving the emergency message shall communicate to

Dist. civil and police officials on wireless network.

8.8.1.5 Action Plan in Case of LPG Leakage

1. Leakage from Cylinder Valve with Fire

- Operate fire extinguishers and blanket the valve exposed to fire

- Use sand and blanket the valve exposed to fire

- Immediately after the fire is extinguished close the valve or fix safety cap

- If the valve cannot be closed, remove the cylinder to isolated place away from

source of ignition and vent out LPG under controlled condition.

- When filled cylinder is involved in a fire, the pressure inside the cylinder will



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rise abnormally if the pressure is not relieved, and ultimately rupture the container.

In such cases, the cylinders adjacent are to be cooled by spraying water and the

container under fire should be approached from upward wind direction and to

be removed to the place of safety, remote form sources of ignition.

2. Leakage from Pressure Relief Valve with Fire

- Allow the fire to continue

- Cool the vessel to reduce evaporation

- Attempt to cool the vessel extensively so as to reduce the internal pressure

- Pressure relief valve will close automatically

- Extinguish the fire

- Cool adjoining vessels(s) and structure

3. Leakage from Pipeline / Vessel without Fire

- Cordon off the area around 30 m radius so that no automobile or source of

ignition approaches the area

- Attempt to close the control valve

- Attempt to transfer LPG into another vessel

- Avoid entrapping into the vapour cloud

- Use water spray to disperse vapour cloud

- Concentrate on cooling the vessel to reduce the heat input to the vessel

and thus reduce pressure.

4. Leakage from Pipeline / Vessel with Fire

- Cool the exposed to flames continuously to reduce the rate of LPG evaporation

- Allow the fire to continue under controlled conditions

- Attempt to close the control valve by using water spray to form a curtain

with fog / curtain nozzle

- Attempt to put off the fire only after control valve is closed

- Keep persons away from dished end\

- Withdraw the persons to safe zone in case of rising sound coming from safety

valves or discoloration of vessels.

8.8.1.6 Action Plan in Case of Cylinder Fire

When filled LPG cylinder is involved in fire, the internal pressure relived shall build



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up above 70 kg / sq.cm and ultimately rupture the container. Rupture may also

occur lower pressure if body has become weak by direct flame impingement by jet

action.

If container’s pressure is not risen up to 70 kg/sq.cm leakage from screwed valve

joint can occur due to different expansion of steel and brass. Ignition of the escaping

gas would aggravate the fire but release of fire reduces the possibility of rupture.

- No attempt should be made to extinguish the burning gas but the container

under fire and other containers in the vicinity should be kept cool by water

spray.

- If the gas leakage does not ignite, the container should be approached from

upward wind direction and removed to a place of safety way from the source of

ignition.

8.8.1.7 Action Plan in Case of Electrical Fire

- Disconnect the electric supply of affected area

- Attempt to extinguish fire with the help of CO2 / DCP fire extinguishers

- If fire is not extinguished, extinguish by spraying water with fog nozzle after

ensuring complete isolation of electric circuit.

8.8.1.8 Action Plan for Gas Leak Fire beyond Normal Working Hours ALARM

- Person seeing the fire will raise the alarm by shouting “FIRE, FIRE” and

blowing hand siren to alert all personnel.

- Security at Gate shall operate electric siren to communicate emergency.

1. Communication

One security person shall inform PM / on phone and contact fire station on P

& T telephone.

- Shift In charge security supervisor who is on duty will works as

chief fire In-charge, supervise the fire fighting operation and issue

necessary instructions as per the need till plant manager arrive

and take over the charge.

- Fire pump operator shall run required no of fire pumps.

- Second person shall operate the fire extinguisher to put out

the fire and operator sprinkler system / operate monitor /

hydrant with the help of security person.



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- Security guards at gate shall continue to remain in position,

allow entry to outside rescue agencies and direct them to the

scene of fire. No congestion should be allowed at gate.

- Operator in the shift should ensure that on spill is enters drains

and if unavoidable, post one security personnel along the drain

and see that no spark is brought within the vicinity.

2. Fire during Night Shift / Sundays / Holidays

In-charge - Security Supervisor

3. On Hearing the Fire Alarm

Advice security guard immediately set in emergency plan

1. Security guard to telephone as per emergency plan

4. For Employees Living Near the Plant

On hearing the fire alarms rush to the plant, do not panic, and follow fire fighting

orders issued by officer in-charge.

8.8.1.9 Assignment of Responsibilities

1. Plant Manager

The plant manager has final authority for the implementation of the disaster

management plan and the plan includes the following activities.

1. Assuring continued compliance with the provisions of politics of the corporation

on emergency prevention and response.

2. Approving the plan’s provisions and all subsequent revisions.

3. Reviewing and approving the release of any information to the press or to

other recognized authorities or public.

4. Approving the initiation of formal or informal agreements with any

governmental, community or industries.

5. Assuring that adequate resources are made available to support the

emergency management activities.

6. Monitoring the effectiveness of response activities during emergencies and

taking action to ensure that appropriate procedures are followed

7. Determine the termination of an emergency clear plan.

The plant manager will also be responsible for overseeing all on-site

emergency plan activities which specifically includes the following.



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1. Appointment of personnel to the emergency brigade.

2. Determining a full site evacuation plan.

3. Conducting post-emergency investigations.

The deputy manager will be responsible for fulfilling the duties of the plant manager

in his absence, in addition he will act as a liaison officer between the responding

organizations and the media during emergencies and will participates in public

information and community awareness activities.

The safety officer is responsible for developing the plant emergency management /

disaster management plans and procedures and the specific responsibility includes:

1. Formulating, reviewing and ensuring implementation of the emergency plan.

2. Ensuring that emergency response training concerning provisions of the

plan is provided to all employees.

3. Ensuring that this plan is tested through the conduct of drills and exercises.

4. Administrating safety and health review programs.

5. Preparing and submitting emergency related reports to management and the

plant as required.

The operations officers (maintenance) will be responsible for providing technical

advice and assistance to the plant manager in the formulation of the disaster

management plan and during the emergencies. He will also be responsible for

fulfilling the duties of the plant manager or the deputy plant manager of safety officer

is unable to perform the functions.

2. Inspections

Hazard studies are conducted at the plant before commissioning and also applied

to the installation and modification of buildings, equipments, mechanical and

electrical systems, utilities, fire protection system, grounds etc.

Plans or specifications on designated projects shall be submitted to an acceptance

committee consisting of operations manager, engineer manager and Safety Manager

for review prior to project implementation. Recommendations will be submitted with

the final plans and specifications to the departmental head for review. If the

departmental head finds that plans and specifications are not meeting the

recommendations of the acceptance committee, he shall return the final plans to the



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originator for modifications or a justification of deviations.

Purpose

This procedure provides for the inspection and correction of ensuring the timely

competitions of periodic inspections and correction of problems.

Responsibility

The officer in-charge of each function is responsible for ensuring the timely

completion of periodic inspections and correction of problems.

Frequency

The frequency of specific inspections to be carried out at the plant as per the norms

is as follows:

Internal

Plant inspection - Daily, monthly (By Safety Officer & Plant Manager)

Regional office (Operations) - Yearly

Regional office (S & EP) - Yearly

Head office (S & EP) - Yearly

CAP Exercise - Monthly

Electrical audit - Once in Two years

Emergency equipments - Weekly

Maintenance - Monthly

Office - Quarterly

Fire protection systems - Monthly/ Annually

External Safety Audit

1. Surprise inspection by OSID

2. Safety audit by competent person, approved by chief inspector of factories-

once in a year.

8.8.1.10 Public Information on Site Emergency Response Plan

1. Purpose

Purpose of this procedure is to provide a program that ensures the distribution of

information concerning the plant emergency management to the media and the general

public.



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2. Objectives

The objectives of the plant public information program are

1. To help foster the view that Indane bottling plant, Tirunelveli is responsible on

issues concerning environmental health and safety.

2. To clearly communicate Indane bottling plant, Tirunelveli LPG Bottling

Plant’s policies positions and activities to the public.

3. To inform the Public about the positive contributions of the plant to the

community.

4. To produce materials as needed to further internal or external understanding

of key issues.

5. To encourage collaboration among business. Government and citizen groups

within the community.

3. Responsibility

The operations officer is responsible for developing,-coordinating and implementing

all elements of the IOCL’s Community Awareness program. The public relations

manager will be provided assistance as necessary.

The ensure effectiveness, management will participate in this program to the extent

possible. The Deputy General Manager (LPG), and other senior managers are expected

to participate in the public speaking engagements.

4. Procedure

Only the plant manager / Public relations manager shall respond to questions from the

media. All media contacts should be referred to one of these individuals.

Plant manager shall provide a list of those members from the plant who might be

expected to participate in public information program or dealing with the press. These

members should be provided with specialized training in dealing with public relations.

A program covering various community groups involving the following aspects

will be prepared for presentation to general public.

1. History, description and location of the plant 2. Safety performance

3. Environmental protection measures

4. Community development program



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5. Jobs provided

6. Over view of emergency plan

7. Coordination with off-site authority

8. Joint training drills & exercises

9. Mutual aid assistance

The plant manager will identify those community organizations to whom this program

should be offered through the following agencies.

1. Local Govt. High School

2. District fire services authorities

3. Neighboring Industries

4. Local Panchayat authorities

5. Local Police

6. Central & State Government agencies

On-site visit shall be provided to interested groups to have a firsthand information

and look of the plant operations.

IOCL recognizes that its employees are the best and most effective communicators

of the Corporation’s programmers and policies. Therefore the plant manager will

annually provide an update of the plant’s community and emergency management

program to all employees.

Operations officer shall keep a record of all community awareness activities in which

IOCL participates and the summary of the activities shall be sent to Regional Office.

Operations officer will be responsible for maintaining and updating this procedure and

any changes shall be coordinated with the Safety officer and approved by the Plant

manager.

5 Surrounding Areas

The plant is located adjacent to NH 7 which connects Varanasi & Kanyakumari and 18

km from Tirunelveli city. The nearest railway station is situated at Gangaikondan at

a distance of 4 km (E).The nearest Airport is situated at Tuticorin at a distance of

33.55 km (SW).

8.9 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

An integral part of the disaster management plan is the Off-Site emergency plan. The



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plan is mainly dependent upon a very close co-ordination and assistance from the

local administration like police, fire brigade, medical services (hospitals) etc.

8.10 PLANT MAINTENANCE AND DISTRIBUTION

It is the responsibility of the safety officer to ensure that all section of the plant

are kept current and are being implemented. The plant is to be reviewed annually

to ensure the accuracy of information. The major provisions are to be tested at last

yearly.

The safety officer is to ensure that the plan is modified as required to reflect any

changes in the facilities/organization or operating conditions .The safety officer that

all required revisions identified by post incident review and investigation are

implemented. All changes and modifications should be forwarded to all possessor of

this plan. Distribution of the plan shall be determined by the plant manager but

generally it includes the following: The brief description of plant activities chart in

Annexure-A

8.10.1 Internal Distribution

1. LPG Operation Dept. Head Office, Mumbai.

2. Safety and Environment Protection Dept. Head, Mumbai.

3. LPG Dept. Tamil Nadu State Office, Chennai.

4. Safety & EP, Southern Region, Chennai.

5. Plant Manager

6. All Officers in the plant

8.10.2 External Distribution

7. Collectorate

8. Factory inspectorate

9. Pollution Control Board

10. Local Police

11. Local Fire Brigade

12. Hospitals

13. Local Panchayat

14. Neighbouring Industries & Intuitions

15. Telephone/Telegraphs Department



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16. Electricity Board

8.11 PUBLIC INFORMATION

8.11.1 Off-Site Emergency Response Plan

1. Purpose

Purpose of this procedure is to provide a program that ensures the distribution of

information concerning the plant emergency management to the media and the general

public.

2. Objectives

The objectives of the plant public information program are:

1. To help foster the view that Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli in responsible on

issue concerning environmental, health and safety.

2. To clearly communicate Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli policies positions and

activities to the public.

3. To inform the public about the positive contributions of the plant to the community.

4. To produce materials as needed to further internal or external understanding

of key issues.

5. To encourage collaboration among business, Government and citizen groups

within the community.

3. Responsibility

The operation officer is responsible for developing, coordinating and implementing all

elements of the IOCL’s community awareness program. The public relations manager

will be provided assistance as necessary.

To ensure effectiveness, management will participate in this program to the extent

possible. The Deputy General Manager (LPG), Tamil Nadu State Office and other senior

managers are expected to participate in the public speaking engagements.

4. Procedure

Only the Plant manager/Public relations manager shall respond to questions from the

media. All media contacts should be referred to one of these individuals.

Plant manager shall provide a list of those members from the plant who might be

expected to participate in public information program or dealing with the press.



157

These members should be providing with specialized training in dealing with public

relations.

A program covering various community groups involving the following aspects

will be prepared for presentation to general public.

1. History description and location of the plant.

2. Safety performance

3. Environmental protection measures

4. Community development program

5. Jobs provided

6. Over view of emergency plan

7. Coordination with off-site authority

8. Joint training drills & exercises

9. Mutual aid assistance

The Plant Manager will identify that community organization to whom this program

should be offered through the following agencies.

1. Local Government High school

2. District fire service authorities

3. Neighbouring industries

4. Local Panchayat authorities

5. Local police

6. Central & State Government Agencies

On site visit shall be provided to interested groups to have a first-hand information

and look of the plant operations.

IOCL’s recognizes that its employees are the best and most effective communications

of the corporation’s programmers and policies. Therefore, the plant manager will

annually provide an update of the plant’s community and emergency management

program to all employees.

Operations officer shall keep a record of all community awareness activities in which

IOCL participates and the summary of the activities shall be sent to regional office.

Operation officer will be responsible for maintaining and updating this procedure and

any changes shall be coordinated with the safety officer and approved by the plant

manager.



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5. Surrounding Areas

East - Vacant Land

West - Nova carbon - Factory

North - Vacant Land

South - 30 ft. Road

8.11.2 Off-Site Emergency Plan for the Surrounding Areas

In the event of a major fire accident / gas leak in the plant, it is anticipated that it may

have an effect on the surrounding areas adjoining the plant. The fire in- charge with the

assistance of other officers on duty will coordinate the following activities.

1. Seek the assistance by telephone from police station, police control room to control

the movement of traffic / public on the road.

2. To alert the residents of the surrounding villages / hamlets and other industrial

units / establishments.

3. Inform commissioner / superintendent of police, Tirunelveli. District fire offices

at Tirunelveli and other industrial units / establishments surrounding the plant

area for alert and necessary assistance.

4. Contact any other protection forces such as CRPF, RPF, Fire officers / safety officers

available in the respective offices / establishments / units of the surrounding areas.

5. Contact electricity board, Tirunelveli and the nearby electrical sub-station in-

charges for continuous power supply/total disconnection of power as the case may

be according to hour to hour situation and firefighting needs.

6. Arrange for the security of the premises, pipelines, pressure vessels, employees

and other vital installations.

7. Arrange for required number of transport vehicles for movement of key

personnel/employees from residence to location or from location to places of safety

or residence as the case may be required.

8. Alert station master Gangaikondan Railway station.

9. Contact and seek assistance of the medical personnel from the primary health

Centre / Government Hospital and other available medical officers from the

nearby factories, industrial units/establishments.

10. Assign a team for recharging fire extinguishers, monitoring the water. Pressure

for continuous supply of water and other firefighting materials.



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11. To provide food, water etc., for the employees who are manning the emergency

situation.

12. Inform important customers like road transport corporations, railways, defense,

police, Electricity Municipal Corporation, milk diaries etc. of the repercussions of

the emergency situation.

The off-site emergency plan of the plant is based on the following services:

1. Alarm

2. Evacuation

3. Power-shut down

4. Fire/Hazardous incident

5. Control Centre

6. Communication

7. Security

8. Medical

9. Rescue

10. Repairs

11. Decontamination

12. Transportation

13. Traffic control

14. Mutual aid

15. Public Relations

16. Welfare

The details are given here under:

1. Alarm

One Nos. of electrically operated sirens and 5 Nos. hand operated sirens are

provided in the plant premises/main gate entrance.

2. Evacuation

Main Gate is available for emergency exit and emergency entry separately for

men and vehicles. All trained personnel are to handle the situation.

3. Power Shut Down

All electrical supply lines, hazardous liquid carrying pipelines, valves, vapor lines,

water lines etc. are color coded for identification. 2 Nos. 275 kVA and 1 No. 140



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kVA Generator sets are available for operation during power failure. All incoming

power mains provided in the power motor control room for on/off operation.

4. Fire Organization Chart

Fire organization chart hast been updated and displayed at prominent places.

Telephones are available local fire brigades for immediate assistance.

5. Control Centre / Communication

The Administrative building/plant manager’s cabin will be the control room

where telephones, pagers, fax, machines are provided and it will be manned by

key personnel round the clock during the emergency operation.

6. Security

Security Guards are provided round the clock. 100% frisking at all the gates for

the entry of persons into the plant premises is enforced during all the time

and in emergency situations. Employees of the plant are provided with identity

badges.

7. Safety of Records

All the records pertaining to the plant are stored safely in a room in safe vaults.

8. Medical Facilities in Organization

Number of person from staff within the plant has been fully trained in first aid.

A first aid team consisting of officers and staff of IOC has been constituted to

take care of first aid needs. Details and names of the members of this team are

displayed at plant.

All important first aid medicines are stored in the plant to ensure round

the clock availability of same.

Action Plan

• Do cover the frostbitten area with water jet.

• Bring victim inside to warm area as soon as possible.

• Imperious frost bitten area in cool to cold water.

• Gently cover affected parts with water jet if affected area cannot be

immersed in cool water.

• On affected parts, injured party should start exercising fingers, toes and legs.

• Do not turn water pressure or pour water on burn areas.



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• Give victim a warm, non-alcoholic drink. Get the victim to a physician.

• Do not use hot water, hot water bottles or heat lamp on burn. Do not rub

with snow or ice, as this increase the chances of gangrene infection.

Tell physician that a freeze or frostbite form LPG is parallel to a burn. For the

purpose of mutual aid in case of off-site emergency situation, the services

from the following. Hospitals Dispensaries have been identified:

1. Govt, hospital, Tirunelveli

2. Govt, Primary Health Center

3. Govt. Hospital, Tirunelveli

4. ESI hospital, Tirunelveli

9. Rescue

Life saving equipments / materials such as resuscitator, water Jel blankets, first

aid boxes, air breathing apparatus etc. is provided. At the nearest Hospital

standby arrangements will be made for effective medical aid for such of those

people who are injured during the disaster.

10. Repairs / Hot Works

All the repair works in the plant premises is carried out under proper

permission and effective supervision. No hot work is permitted inside the plant

operational areas.

11. Pollution Control

Sufficient vegetation - Green Belt of 30 meter wide is developed all round the

plant premises which serve to prevent air pollution.

12. Traffic Control

Local police control room/traffic police will be contacted for their assistance

to control traffic in and around the plant premises. Similarly, railway station /

control office will also be contacted for regulating the movement of trains in the

vicinity of the plant premises.

8.11.3 Off-Site Emergency Response Plan Bulk LPG Bullet Trucks

Following are the emergency actions envisaged for the road accidents involving

Bulk LPG Bullet trucks based on the historical accident records.



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Accident with no Damage to the Bullet (Head on Collision with Cabin

Damage and Minor Injury to Crew)

Place of Accident - Main Highway and within populated area actions required.

1. TREM Card instructions in case of emergency should be immediately enforced.

2. The Battery should be disconnected immediately.

3. Fire Extinguisher kept aside, as a standby.

4. Bullet Tank should be surveyed thoroughly for leakage from any of the

fittings.

Traffic should be stopped in case of major leakage.

5. Nearby police station should be informed' through passing truck or Messenger.

6. With the assistance of TREM Card, nearest LPG plant and transporter should

be contacted through telephone.

7. In case the crew has been moved to Hospital for first aid, the truck should be

guarded by any willing volunteer.

8. Crowding around by people and smoking in the vicinity of 30 m radius should

be controlled.

9. In case of any leakage from any of the fittings, the portion should be covered with

wet gunny bags and water should be continuously applied, to allow, the

freezing / ice formation around the areas of leakage. Alternately, "Leak Sealing

Pad” should be wrapped around the spot.

10. Police shall control the Traffic with Fire Brigade as stand by, till the rescue

operations were completed and tank is moved to nearest plant for decantation

of product and degassing.

11. Subsequently the truck can be taken for repairs.

Accident with No Damage to Bullet (Head on Collision with Cabin Damage and

Fatal Injury to Crew)

Place of Accident: Main Highway and within populated area actions required:

1. TREM card instructions in case of emergency should be immediately enforced.

2. The injured crew should be removed from the cabin and to be admitted in nearest

Hospital through any vehicle available

3. If the accident resulted in death of crew, the bodies should be removed, should



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be kept at a clean place covering them with a cloth.

4. The battery should be disconnected immediately. Fire extinguisher kept as

standby.

5. Bullet tanks should be surveyed thoroughly for leakage from any of the fittings.

6. Traffic should be stopped in case of any major leakage.

7. Nearby police station and fire brigade should be informed through passing truck

of messenger with the assistance of TREM CARD, nearest LPG plant and transporter

should be contacted through telephone.

8. In case of crew has been moved to hospital for first aid, the truck should be guarded

by any willing volunteer.

9. Crowding around by people and smoking in the vicinity of 30 m radius should be

controlled.

10. In case of any leakage from any of the fittings a portion should be covered with wet

gunny bags and water should be applied continuously to allow the freezing ice

formation around the area of leakage. Alternatively, leaks sealing pad should be

wrapped around the spot.

11. Simultaneously information should be sent to chief controller of explosives at

The following address:

Chief Controller of Explosives, Govt, of India,

Department of Explosives, Nagpur

Telegram: Explosive, Nagpur

Police shall control the traffic with fire brigades standby, till the rescue operations

were completed and tank is moved to nearest plant for decantation of the product

and degassing.

1. Accident with Bullet (Overturning of Bullet without Damage to Bullet)

Place of Accident: Main Highway/ populated area Actions required:

1. In case crew requires any first aid treatment at any nearby hospital the

truck should be attended by any other responsible person who may

volunteer to do so.

2. The Battery should be disconnected immediately.

3. Fire extinguishers kept aside as a standby.



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4. All tanks fitting like safety relief valves, liquid and vapor valves, pipeline

and rotogauge should be checked closely for any leakage / damage.

5. In case of minor leakage, it can be controlled by sealing the spot by wet

gunny bag or marking an earth bund around. Message should be sent to

nearest police station and fire station for assistance. Truck owner should

be informed as per the information painted on tank body.

6. Police should inform the LPG plant, nearest Indian oil depot and the truck

owner through nearest telephone for any assistance. Police / volunteers

should be gathered and advised to stop all persons smoking within the

vicinity of 30 m radius if gas is leaking and also should advise people

staying in nearby areas to be in readiness for evacuating the area. People

should be moved from upwind side to downwind side.

7. The vehicle should be hoisted into an upright position using a suitable

capacity crane or pulley block arrangement while taking all precautions

about fittings to avoid any further damage which may lead to leak.

8. After the completion of the rescue operations the tank should be moved to

the nearest Bottling plant for decantation and degassing. Subsequently the

vehicle shall be taken for repairs.

2. Accident to Bullet Truck with Damage to Bullet Truck Resulting In

Leakage and Fire Action to be taken:

Effort should be made to confine or control rather than extinguishing. In case of fire is

minor in nature it should be extinguished using fire extinguisher, provided it is very

sure that the source of leakage can be stopped.

If the fire is uncontrollable, nearby public and vehicle should be alerted to move away

from the fire spot. People in the vicinity of 100 m. should be evacuated and the spot

should be cordoned off.

People should be moved from up-wind side to downwind side. Simultaneously,

police and fire brigade should be informed through telephone/messenger. If the fire

cannot be controlled still, await till the help arrives.

Fire brigade should control the fire as per the following:

1. Fire should be handled with extreme caution.



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2. Provide 2 water nozzles lines one from each direction. If space permits

give special attention the space between the rear and Driver’s cabin and

avoid possibility of vehicle overturning due to water jet force.

3. Two water nozzles lines with 250 GPM nozzles at 80 PSI should move

one line directing the spray system of the tank and the other using wide

angle sprays for protection, make sure that continuous cooling is

maintained on dish ends of bullet truck.

4. When reinforcement arrives, attack with 2 lines with 4 fire man on each

line with the third approach line dish end.

5. With continuously cooling, safety relief values which have opened due to

increase in pressure inside the tank will reset. Cooling should be

continued till normal vapor pressure reached inside the tank. When

the relief value closes all three attack lines should be switched to narrow

angle spray and back-up line to narrow line. After stable condition is

achieved, close the leaky value or leaky fitting using proper blanks,

without coming in line with the attack line. After controlling the fire on

tank, attack fire on tyres, cabin and engine compartments. Fire fighters and

personnel dealing with vapor clouds must be protected continuously by

water spray. Care should be taken to ensure that static charge is not

generated in the vapor cloud. Hence solid jets of water must be avoided

and spray nozzles should be used. Use protective clothing like fire

proximity/fire entry suits and self- contained breathing apparatus, when

necessary.

3. Accident to Bullet Truck with No Damage to Bullet Popping Of Safety Relief

Valve Actions Required:

1. Operate isolation switch and take fire extinguishers from hold.

2. Stop traffic both sides of road.

3. Inform police and fire brigade through telephone or messenger.

4. Volunteers/police should be gathered and should be advised to stop all

persons smoking within the vicinity of 30 m radius if gas is leaking and

also should advise people staying in nearby areas to be in readiness for

evacuating the area. People should be moved from up-wind side to down-



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wind side.

5. If the water source is available around, pour water on the upper surface

of the tank to cool the surface.

6. When fire brigade arrives, water jet should be applied through

narrow angle on the upper portion of the tank to induce cooling effect.

7. If the safety relief valve is in the proper shape/adjusted it will reset

as soon as the pressure falls below the set pressure.

8. If the valve is not reset, allow the vapor to escape under controlled

condition, with fine spray of water dispersing the vapor cloud.

9. Surrounding areas should be guarded to ensure to ignition source is

not generated.

Afterwards move the bullet truck slowly to the nearest bottling plant fr- emptying

out the contents.

8.11.4 Nature Hazards

8.11.4.1 Action Plan for High Winds

1. Weather reports shall be monitored from broadcast warnings regarding

threatening conditions.

2. If the high winds have been sighted or effect is felt, following steps should be

taken by plant personnel.

a. Persons shall be notified over public address system or through

siren.

b. Emergency services shall be alerted for assistance.

c. Plant personnel should be advised to assemble in the administration

building basement/staff room/recreation room and rest room.

d. All safety system should be kept on alert and all non- essential

utilities should be put off.

3. After the status is rested, personal should inspect all the facilities for resources,

first aid and damage control activities, damage assessment clean-up,

restoration and recovery.

8.11.4.2 Action Plan for Floods

4. Based on weather broadcast warning regarding impending flood conditions,



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following steps should be taken.

5. Shifting of all men, moveable equipments and supplies to the elevated area.

6. If time permits, sand pad dikes can be constructed to drive of control the flood

waters from high risk facilities.

8.11.4.3 Action Plan Earthquake

7. When first tremors are sensed during an earth quake, all personnel should

evacuate building and assemble at safe place away from structures, walls

and falling objects. Emergency shutdown should be declared.

8. Emergency services should be contacted for assistance.

9. After the status is restored, personnel should inspect all the facilities for rescue,

first aid and damage control activities, damage assessment, clean up,

restoration and recovery.

8.11.5 Social Emergencies

8.11.5.1 Action Plan for Water / Food Poisoning Symptoms

Sudden discomfort affecting the digestive system shortly after consumption of

food / water.

Action to Be Taken

1. Employees noticing the persons with symptoms should alert plant manager.

Plant manager will initiate steps for identifying the source and cutting of the supply.

2. First aid shall be rendered to the affected persons.

3. They will be moved to nearest hospital in the emergency vehicle for further

treatment. All explosive can be decanted by mechanical shock. This is usually referred

to as “Sensitivity Shock” initiating explosives such as lead acid, Mercury fulminate

etc. are detonated may mild shock as tap of pencil they are extremely hazardous

because any movement is apt to detonate then with without any warning. As such

explosives should be handled only under the supervision of an expert like controller of

Explosives.

8.11.5.2 Bomb Threat

When a Bomb Threat call is received the following measures are to be take.

4. Inform the message details to the highest local Police Authority and seek their

assistance for patrolling and security need.



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5. Inform Controller of Explosives the details and nature of anonymous message

and required operations.

6. Request the Local Fire Brigade to position at least one fire tender at the

location immediately.

7. Keep the concerned Department at the Regional level inform with the

development at regular intervals.

8. Alert the local Government / Private Hospitals and seek their help for providing

ambulances if necessary.

8.11.5.3 In The Location Premises

9. Keep the Fire Hydrant system / all fire fighting and personal protective

equipments in readiness.

10. Every one entering the location must be frisked at the gate / check all hand

bags, parcels, etc., for suspected explosive / dangerous objects.

11. Have thorough inspection of the location for any suspected / unidentified

dangerous object.

12. Materials and other boxes to be brought into the location must be deposited at

the gate for minimum curing period of 48 hours.

13. Organize vigilance cell consisting of Employees and Officers for round the

clock observation of the premises.

8.11.5.4 If The Suspected object is Found

1. In case of finding of suspected article, do not disturb its position, but the area

around it should be cordoned off to a distance of 100 Mts. And more-depending

upon the gravity of the situation.

2. Adequate staff or police squad posted to prevent any unauthorized entry

into the enforced cordon.

3. Contact Controller of Explosives immediately who on reaching the site will

decide suitable action for defusing the disposal of the suspected objected.

4. Evolutions of thick billowing smoke is an indication of impending explosion

and in such cases withdraw or evacuate all personnel from the spot which has

been identified.

As a general measure regulate the movement of the outsiders inside our premises and



169

restrict their entry with permit.

1. Sabotage

This section is intended to provide an effective means of preventing acts. Of sabotage

by employees of Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli or others and of reaching to such

acts.

This section defines sabotage as any deliberate action by an individual or group

designed to Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli personnel, damage, equipment or

disrupt normal operation are to be prevented.

2. Critical Equipment

The safety manager will construct a list of critical pieces of production equipment and

stores of materials that are considers suspect able to sabotage. For those items

identified, the following procedures should be implemented.

Access is restricted.

Devices are locked where possible.

3. Facility Access

Access to Indane Bottling Plant, by vendors, contractors and other visitors is

controlled in accordance with Tirunelveli Bottling Plant, gate control procedure.

1. Visitors shall be permitted inside the plant licensed area only with the special

authorization by PM.

2. All visitors are logged in and out.

3. Visitors must wear a special badge

4. Visitors are escorted by Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli employees.

5. Contractors, vendors, delivery drivers etc., are to be restricted to the

immediate location of the work area.

6. Remote entrance points are to be kept secured except as needed.

4. Others Provisions

The finance dept: A head is responsible for developing and maintaining access cards

and key control procedures. All management and supervisors should immediately

report suspected acts of sabotage to the safety officer and plat manager.



170

Since the results of an act of sabotage are the same as those resulting from accidental

(i.e fire, explosion, spill, etc.,) appropriate response procedures are to be used as

appropriate.

Specific individuals are to be assigned responsibility for securing designated doors

gates cabinets, etc., at the end of shift periods.

All issues relating to sabotage and other security questions should be referred to

the local police.

8.11.5.5 Recovery

The procedures outlined in this section are intended to minimize the adverse effects

of an emergency incident by providing an effective means of re-establishing. Normal

operation conditions in the least amount of time. In addition, the procedures also

provide for determining the cause of the accident so that future incidents can be

prevented. Emergency response activities will be reviewed so that more effective can

be used in the future.

This section is divided into five parts:

14. Incident investigation

15. Establishing a recovery team

16. Damage assessment

17. Clean-up and restoration

18. Post emergency & recovery reporting

1. Incident Investigation

As soon as it is safe to do so, an incident investigation to determine the cause of an

emergency and to determine the means of preventing any further occurrences to be

conducted.

Responsibility

The plant manager will co-ordinate the investigation and prepares all final reports.

The investigation is to be conducted by a team to be headed by the plant manager and

consist of appropriate personnel including all or some of the following.

1. Safety Officer

2. Shift Officer

3. Plant Maintenance Officer



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Procedure

The investigation of the scene should

include

1. Photographing the area

2. Determining the point of origin of the fire/leak/explosion, if possible

3. Note the position of values, controls and devices

4. Note any unusual items in the area or any damage that is inconsistent with the

type of incident or intensity written or recorded statements from all operators

involved, potential witnesses and others, who might have pertinent knowledge

of the incident. Description of events leading upto the incident, assessment of

what might have happened, why, and suggested corrective actions should be

obtained. Where possible (and when no risk of another incident exists) tests of

equipment and / or simulations should be employed.

Report

A final report is to be prepared to include the most probable cause and

recommended corrective measures. The report should consider.

1. Failures of Equipment

2. Failures of maintenance

3. Failures of procedures

4. Inadequate training

5. Human error

Corrective Action

The Investigation team is also responsible for conducting a review of response

activities during the emergency to evaluate the adequacy of training, equipment and

procedures.

The plant manager is responsible for ensuring that all corrective actions to prevent a

recurrence of the incident better response to emergencies are taken.

2. Establishing a Recovery Team Purpose

In order to facilitate the restoration of normal plant operations as soon as an

emergency situation has been declared under control, a recovery team is to be

established to manage recovery activities, including damage assessment. The



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recovery team is to be activated by the plant manager

Organization

The recovery team organization will vary depending on the nature of the incident

and the event of recovery operations. As a general rule however, the following

individuals should be included.

1. Plant Manager to act as team leader

2. Maintenance officer to expedite contracts

3. Accounts officer to provide assistance in maintaining accurate accounting of

losses.

4. The safety officer to prepare final reports and to assess the incident’s

impact on the environment and to develop necessary government reports.

The recovery team will be responsible for damage assessment, clean-up and salvage

operations and the restoration of operations. The plant manager will forward

weekly status reports to the general manager and other as necessary, including all

estimates of repair costs, inventories and schedules.

Each member of the team is to designate an alternate person to act in their seat

when necessary. Other departments may be called on by the team leader to assist

in recovery operations.

3. Damage Assessment

A primary function of the recovery team will be to assess the damage to plant

structures, equipment and materials as well as to assess damage to offsite areas and

the environment in conjunction with civil authorities.

Responsibility

The plant manager will co-ordinate the team’s efforts and assigns tasks and areas of

responsibility. The maintenance officer will supervise the inspection and testing

of equipment by qualified maintenance personnel.

The shift officer will consult with the plant maintenance officer and technical

personnel, to develop a list of necessary replacement items and services.

The maintenance officer is to contact vendors of damages items to obtain any

necessary technical assistance. Operation officer is to ensure that all damaged items,

labour costs etc., are recorded and that proper documentation is maintained.



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Each team member will report their findings to the plant

manager

Based on the findings of the Recovery Team, an action plan will be prepared which

includes the following.

1. Ensure that the attending physician is given all appropriate technical

support

2. That proper notification of next of kin has been made

3. Obtain estimates of medical costs

Based on the findings of the Recovery Team, an action plan will be prepared which

includes the following

1. An estimate of losses detailing equipment, machinery, personnel injured

and material lost.

2. A prioritized listing of necessary repair / reconstruction work, personnel

assignment and estimates of completion schedules.

4. Clean - Up and Restoration Operation

As soon as incident investigations are completed and restoration plans have been

made, clean-up and restoration activities should commence.

Responsibility

The safety officer is responsible for the proper reporting and documentation to

necessary central, state and local agencies. The Maintenance officer will direct

repair, clean-up and restoration of utilities and salvage activities.

The Maintenance Officer, is responsible for co-ordinating the activities of

contractors / vendors and supply all necessary reference information. The

Maintenance officer is responsible for monitoring all activities to ensure the safety of

cleanup and salvage personnel making sure that proper personnel protective

equipment is utilized. The Maintenance Officer should replace or restore all emergency

equipment and supplies as necessary. The maintenance officer will expedite all

orders for necessary equipment, supplies and services. The operations officer will

monitor and record all costs related to recovery activities. All recovery team members

will submit weekly progress reports to the Dy.General Manager (LPG). A consolidated

report will be forwarded to the General Manager.



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Damage

Temporary storage facilities has been established for damaged equipment to

facilitate inspection by insurance personnel. Prior to restoration of normal

operations, all affected equipment is to be tested and checked out according to

procedures established by statutory rules & regulations such as SMPV and Factory

rules etc.,

5. Post - Emergency Recovery Reports

As soon as is practical after the session of the recovery phase, the safety officer is

to hold review sessions with emergency response personnel to evaluate

1. The adequacy of emergency response procedures

2. The adequacy of the investigation of the cause of the incident

3. Summarize the post - emergency activities

The safety officer will then prepare and submit a full report of the incident to the

General Manager with copies to other persons as necessary. This final report will

summarize all previous reports and reviews as mentioned in this section.

Mutual Aid

It is the policy of Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli to assist its neighbours in

preparing for the responding to emergencies that may occur either on-site or off-site.

Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli provides response assistance to local emergency

response agencies and to neighbouring industrial facilities.

Indane Bottling Plant, Tirunelveli provides this assistance under verbal agreement

with local officials. Assistance is only provided in cases where plant property and

personnel would be reasonably safe from harm.

8.11.6 Government Private Agency Coordination Purpose

The extent of involvement, if any by Government Agencies (i.e. Fire, police,

Electricity Board, etc.,) and other organizations (i.e.) Hospitals, Telephones,

Railways, Local Bodies, etc., in a plant emergency, will depend upon the type and

magnitude of the crisis. This section outlines the types of assistance available from

outside organizations during any plant emergencies. Shown in Table no. 8.3



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Table no. 8.3: Government Private Agency Co-ordination

Organization Fire Spill Security Medical Others

Fire Services Yes Yes -- Yes --

Police Yes Yes Yes Yes --

Hospital -- -- -- Yes Yes

EB Yes -- -- -- Yes

Local Panchayat -- -- -- Yes Yes

Telephones -- -- -- -- Yes

Transport -- -- -- -- Yes

Neighbour

Industries

Yes

Yes

Fire Service

Fire Service forces will rush the Fire Tenders and their force to the plant and to co-

ordinate with the plant Authorities in meeting the emergencies.

Police

Police force will maintain the “Law & Order” at the emergency scene and adjacent area

to the plant. They will also regulate the movement of traffic on the High-way in co-

ordination with the RTO Authorities. Priority for movement of Ambulance, Fire

Service vehicles, etc., will be given by the police.

Hospital

Emergency panel of Doctors with Para-medical attendants equipped with life saving

drugs and for treatment of cold burns, First Aid equipments and apparatus shall

rush to the site. They will establish camp for treatment of those affected by the

emergency situations.

Electricity Board

They will assist in emergency cut-off/ supply of power to the emergency area and

will coordinate with the plant authorities to contain the situation.

Local Panchayat

Local Panchayat will coordinate the evacuation of the Community, surrounding the

plant area aid in information dissemination regarding the emergency situation and

assist in rescue operations.



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Telephones

Telephones & Telegraph personnel will extend their service in speedy communication

regarding the emergency situation and operation in co-operation with the plant

authorities.

Transport

Necessary adequate movement of Public Transport required for evacuation of

community surrounding the plant area will be arranged.

Neighbour Industries

Services like Fire Tenders, Ambulance, Medical Personnel, and Trained Fire Fighting

Personnel will be drawn to the site to co-ordinate with plan authorities in meeting

the emergency situation.



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ANNEXURE A



178

ANNEXURE-B

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

IDENTITY OF MATERIAL

Product Name LPG, Bottle gas liquefied

hydrocarbon gas

UN No

1075

Label / Class

Red: Flammable Liquid

/ 2.1 Trade Name LPG CAS No. 68476-85-7

Formula Mixture of propane and HAZCHEM code 2WE

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State Gas Boiling Point/Range. oC. 1 Vapor Pressure at 25 oC mm Hg

1823

Appearance Colorless Melting / Freezing point, oC 138

Odor Odorless / Stanched Vapor Density (Air=1) 1.5 - 2.0 Evaporation rate at 30 oC.

much>1 9 Bu Ac=1 Solubility in water Insoluble Specific Gravity, 20 deg. C 0.53 - 0.57

Calorific value

Kcal/Kg

4.63E + 07 Dyn. Viscosity (PAS 30 oC) Heat of Vaporization

Kcal/kg

3.17E+05

Molecular Weight Sp. Heat liq./J/kg 2.23E+03

FIRE AND EXPLOSIVE DATA

Explosivity

Highly dangerous Auto Ignition Temp. oC.

405-50 Flash point, C, CC / oC

60

Flammability Dangerous Explosive Limits, % 1.8-9.6 Burning Rate 7.9 mm / min

Extinguishing Media CO2 DCP water spray may be used to control and confine LPG fires

Special Procedures DO not attempt to extinguish fire until leak has been shut off. For small fire use dry chemicals. Let large fires bum.


CHAPTER 9 – PROJECT BENEFITS

179

9 PROJECT BENEFITS

9.1 INTRODUCTION

The present demand for bottled LPG in Tamil Nadu is growing at 7% per annum.

MOP&NG has mandated coverage of 88.9 % population with LPG connection by the

year 2017-18 including LPG connection in rural markets under RGGLV Scheme. The

bottled LPG demand projections in the state of Tamil Nadu are estimated to be

1396 TMTPA by the year 2019-20. Even after exhausting the available possibilities

of additional capacity generation in the existing LPG Bottling Plants in Tamil Nadu,

the available LPG capacity would not be sufficient to meet the increased demand of

1396 TMT during the year 2019-20. Therefore, there is a requirement of setting up a

new LPG Bottling Plant in the state of Tamil Nadu.

The bulk LPG storage & bottling facility, by installation of 03 mounded bullets of 600

MT capacities each, 8 TLD bays, 2 x 24 Carousals and other online facilities at LPG

bottling plant, will yield following benefits:

• Provide continuity of LPG gas cylinder supply to the consumers through

distributors.

• By implementation of 3 x 600 Mounded Bullets, risk profile of the plant will

not be enhanced

• Discourage deforestation and reduce the use of fire wood & fossil fuels.

• Improve the quality of life of women engaged in household activities specially

cooking.

9.2 DIRECT BENEFITS

Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plant in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts

of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, and Kanyakumari. There is a backlog at times during monsoon

season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very

much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above

districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not be

affected on any account.

• Tirunelveli LPG Bottling Plant shall be feeding this essential commodity

(domestic LPG) not only to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighbouring

Districts of Tuticorin, Kanyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum,



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Kerala State.

• Improves the quality of life by overcoming the health implications arising due to

the use biomass fuel like wood, dung and crop residues.

• The overhead costs incurred during LPG cylinder transport through roads

(trucks) from Madurai will be eliminated.

There is an estimated saving of Rs. 18.38 Crores/annum to the nation towards

logistic cost.

9.3 IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The LPG bottling facility will create opportunities for direct and indirect employment

in the area. The LPG bottling plant will initiate local economic growth and thereby the

potential to enhance quality of life of the local communities. Local population may get

benefited due to increased business activated after LPG bottling plant.

9.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

About 50 work forces of different categories on an average basis were engaged

during construction phase of the LPG bottling plant. The project activities provided

employment to persons of different skills and trades. The local population was given

preference depending on availability to employment of different categories during

construction phase. During operational phase, about 60 people will get direct and

many more indirect employment opportunity. Local people will get employment

opportunity for security, housekeeping, maintenance, etc. at the plant and indirectly

during LPG bottling plant.

9.5 REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS

The LPG bottling plant will be helpful in ensuring availability of LPG for domestic and

industrial establishments which will help in minimization of use fossil fuel (petrol, HSD,

furnace oil, etc), coal and wood. It will, therefore, help in maintaining cleaner

environment due to reduction in emissions. Use of LPG by domestic and industrial users

will also help in reduction in generation of greenhouse gases responsible for global

warming.

9.6 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS

The LPG bottling plant shall create tangible benefits as described below:



181

• No private land acquisition is required for construction of LPG bottling plant. The

socio-economic impacts linked to the acquisition of land and structures will not

appear in the project.

• During operation phase of the project no significant impacts on environment are

anticipated.

• The LPG bottling will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities mainly

during the operation phase. Local semi-skilled and unskilled labourers will get

direct employment in operation phase. This is a moderate positive impact of the

project.

• The LPG bottling plant will provide cleaner fuel, which will create healthy

environmental conditions in the region.


CHAPTER 10 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

182

10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 INTRODUCTION

The objective of the environmental management plan (EMP) is to identify

administrative aspects for ensuring that mitigation measures are implemented and

their effectiveness is monitored. The EMP focuses on direct impacts, which are

identified as having the potential to cause significant impacts on the environment and

identifies:

• Specific measures that will be taken to prevent, reduce or manage the

adverse environmental impacts during construction and operation; and

• Where it is not possible to specify these at this stage, the level of

environmental performance that will be expected during the operation.

Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is committed to adopt best environmental

management practices during construction and operation phases of the bulk LPG

storage and bottling plant. During construction of mounded bullets and various

component of LPG plant, necessary mitigation and environmental management

measures were implemented. IOCL will ensure that operation activities of the bulk LPG

storage and bottling plant are undertaken as per the various regulatory

requirements. There will be an Environment Management Cell overseeing all

environment responses to ensure that implementation of mitigation measures and

monitoring programme.

10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The environmental impacts anticipated during construction phase of the LPG bottling

plant were considerably insignificant. The impacts in the environmental during

construction phase were basically of temporary nature and disappeared on

completion of the construction phase. The following activities were completed during

construction phase

10.2.1 Site Preparation

The minor levelling of land for installation of bullets and other associated facilities was

undertaken. For suppression of dust from excavated earth work, periodical sprinkling

of water was carried out during working period.



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10.2.2 Sanitation

Adequate and suitable sanitary facilities were provided to maintain proper standard of

hygiene for construction workers during working at the site.

10.2.3 Construction Equipment & Wastes

The debris was generated during civil works. The generated wastes were used in

leveling of low lying areas within the plant area. During installation of mounded

bullets & laying of pipes, some solid discarded materials were generated as solid wastes.

These metal wastes were sold through registered scrap dealers by the contractors. The

gas cylinders used for welding were returned back to the supplier. Cement bags, coal

tar drums and other container used during construction and discarded as wastes were

auctioned through registered vendors as per standard practices adopted by IOCL.

Similarly the damaged tools were also disposed in the above manner.

10.2.4 Storage of Hazardous Materials

The hazardous materials such as, lubricating oils, compressed gases (for welding),

paints, varnishes, etc. were stored at the site during construction phase. The quantity

of used oil from DG sets was approx. 100 lit. Since, used oil are hazardous in nature;

they were stored separately in barrels as per the prescribed / accepted safety norms

handed over to authorized recyclers by the contractors under the supervision of IOCL

management at the site.

10.2.5 Hazardous Waste Disposal

The hazardous materials were stored, handled & disposed off according to the

guidelines specified under Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary

Movement) Rules dated 24th September 2008 by MoEF&CC and subsequent

amendments. Some of the precautions of storage and handling of the hazardous

materials, followed during construction phase are as given below:

• Diesel and other fuels were stored in separate earmarked area as per the said

guidelines.

• Separate storage was created for waste paints and thinners, contaminated rags

and brushes to facilitate recycling and reuse or disposal as per Hazardous Waste

Authorization of TNPCB.



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10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING OPERATION PHASE


There will be no continuous source of air pollution from the operation of LPG bottling

plant during operation phase. The sources of air pollutants will be limited to the DG

sets and diesel engine driven fire water pumps which will be operated during

emergency. These sources of air pollution will be intermittent in nature and would

emit mainly exhaust gases containing NO2, SO2, and negligible quantity of

particulate matters. The pollution control in DG sets will be achieved by providing

stack of appropriate height as per CPCB guidelines.

10.3.2 Fugitive Emission

The bottling plant will receive LPG through bullet trucks, unloading and storage of

LPG in mounded bullets, filling in cylinders and dispatch of the same by

truck/lorries to consumers. The LPG plant will be operated in a well proven leak proof

system, thus there will no source of emissions from the storage and bottling of LPG at

the bulk LPG storage and bottling plant.


10.3.3.1 Waste Water Generation

For normal operation of LPG bottling plant, no process water will be required.

However, about 3 KLD of water will be required for domestic use and will be obtained

from SIPCOT water supply. It is expected that approx 2.4 KLD sewage will be generated

from the LPG plant. For washing of cylinders, 1 KLD of water will be required and

tentatively 0.8 KLD waste water will be generated from cylinder washing.

10.3.3.2 Waste Water Treatment & Disposal

From the washing of cylinders, 0.8 KLD waste water will be generated and same

will be treated in settling tank followed by clarifier. Treated water from clarifier will

be reused for washing purpose. Sewage generated from kitchen and toilets will be

treated in septic tanks.

10.3.3.3 Rain Water Harvesting

Three rain water harvesting pits have been constructed at LPG bottling plant. Rain

water harvesting system for bulk LPG storage & bottling facility has been designed

to utilize the under-ground water system sustainably.

Keeping in mind the depleting water table in the region, storm water drains has been



185

engineered in such a way that rain water can be collected into two rain water

harvesting tanks placed at strategic locations so that underground water can be

recharged.

Sizes of rain water harvesting tanks are 2.5 m in diameter with depth of 5 m and have

been filled with brick bats to collect the water in case of heavy rain. Since much of the

plant area including truck parking area has been covered with RCC roads and bitumen

roads, Drains have been maintained to collect the storm water & rain water and using

the natural slope of plant, waters will be collected to rain water harvesting tank. Size of

rain water harvesting tank is 2.5 m in diameter with depth of 5 m. Three recharge pits

(2 on-site & 1 truck parking area) have been set up at the site to harvest run-off water.


10.3.4.1 Sources of Noise

The sources of noise at the bulk LPG storage & bottling facility are limited to the

pumps, compressors, DG Sets, fire water pumps and vehicle movement.

10.3.4.2 Control of Noise

The following measures will be practiced at the LPG bottling plant for control and

abatement of noise & vibration:

• The foundations of DG sets and fire water pumps have been provided with anti-

vibration padding.

• The DG sets and fire water pumps are designed to produce noise within the

permissible limit and strict compliance of this will be ensured during procurement.

• The DG Sets have been provided with acoustic enclosures.

• Regular condition monitoring e.g. speed, vibration and regular preventive

maintenance including schedule lubrication are being conducted for the moving

machines to keep them in good condition and also to reduce vibration.

• Trees grown in the green belt around the LPG Plant also facilitates attenuation of noise

level beyond the boundary walls.

10.3.5 Solid waste management

Environmental management with respect to solid waste management may be

summarized as under:

• Practically, no solid waste shall be generated from operation of LPG bottling



186

facility.

• Used oil, grease and empty drums shall be disposed of through TNPCB registered

vendors as per Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2008 and subsequent amendments.

10.3.6 Green Belt Development

At the LPG bottling plant, 13.86 Acres green belt is being developed. Green belt is being

developed at 33% of total plot area. Approximately 1670 trees are available in the

plant, additionally trees will be planted to strengthen for the proposed expansion. The

list of plants and the number of samplings planted are given in Table 10.1. Green

belt being developed at the LPG Bottling plant is shown in Figure 10.1.

Table 10-1 Details on Greenbelt Plantation

S. No. List of tree saplings Nos.

1 Neem Tree 230

2 Flame of the forest 210

3 Cassia Fistula 535

4 Samaneasaman 100

5 Teak 105

6 Indian Almond 150

7 Pongamiapinnata 340

Total 1670



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Figure 10-1 Green Belt being developed at LPG Bottling Plant

10.3.7 Safety and Fire Fighting

10.3.7.1 Safety

The main safety features associated with the bulk LPG storage & bottling facilities

are as follows:

• The layout and firefighting systems is as per OISD - 169 & OISD- 150.

• Boundary of 3.0 m height, brick masonry wall with 0.6 m height barbed wire

fencing have been provided in all directions.

• Approach roads of adequate width shall be provided as per OISD-169 and to

avoid congestion and to have safe exit in emergencies.

• All electrical fittings provided in licensed areas are flame proof and

intrinsically safe as per IS-2148.

• Cylinder filling area is completely open type and covered from top with colour

coated galvalume roof.



188

• Water drain from cylinder filling area is provided with vapour trap.

• Fixed Water Spray system has been installed for LPG handling area.

• Suitable storm water drains have been provided with vapour traps.

10.3.7.2 Fire Fighting Facilities

The firefighting system in the facilities consists of fire water storage, fire water

pumps and fire hydrant system. As IOCL is dealing with hydrocarbons that are

volatile in nature, safety of the plant becomes very important factor. The

firefighting facilities are of state of the art and are fully automated which operate

themselves in case of fire. The fire water ring main is always kept in auto mode

with pressurized water with the help of jockey pumps which have auto start/stop

facility. There are deluge valves which cover all the vulnerable areas of the LPG

plant. These valves operate automatically in case of fire and water is sprayed in

the concerned area for controlling the fire. Moreover 10 kg and 75 kg DCP fire-

extinguishers are placed as per OISD-144 norms to control fire at initial stages.

CO2 fire extinguishers are also provided in power motor control centre and other

buildings in plant to put off fire in emergency situations. Fire Hydrant rings has

been provided as per OISD - 169.

The firefighting detection and prevention system in the storage & handling area

comprise of the following:

• Three no’s of 615 cum/hr diesel engine drive fire pumps and the system

is kept pressurized by electric motor driven jockey pump.

• Other fire pump house equipment like security air compressor for MVWS

system, fire alarm panel.

Hydrants and Monitors

• Medium velocity water spray system consisting of 19 zones have been

provided in filling shed,

LD, LPG Pump House and Mounded Bullet

• Fire Detection and Alarm System

• Gas Detection System

• Manual call points and Emergency shutdown system

The plant is equipped with firef ighting facilities as per OISD 144. Fire water



189

storage consists of MS fixed cone roof fire water storage tank of 3 x 2500 kl,

capacity.

10.3.7.3 Safety Organization

The Fire and Safety Department will be under the control of trained and responsible

officer. All the officers and staff of the LPG bottling plant will be trained for combating

fire and use of safety equipment.

10.3.7.4 Security

The following security arrangement have been provided within LPG Bottling Plant

• The facilities are guarded round the clock by efficient security personnel. They

prevent any unauthorized entry inside the plant.

• 3.0 m high boundary wall with 0.6m barbed wire fencing has been provided

around the installation to resist any unauthorized entry.

10.3.7.5 Safety & Environmental Audit

In view of the high hazard potential of LPG, extreme cares will be taken to maintain the

safety needs of the LPG installation. Safety audits will be carried out regularly by a

multidisciplinary team. The safety audit will include operating procedures,

housekeeping, provision of firefighting and safety gadgets, mock drills etc.

10.3.7.6 Occupational Safety and Health

Safety Department in the LPG plant will be looked after the occupational safety

aspects of the workers. IOCL will follow OISD-166 to maintain occupational health

and safety of the employees and workers. Workers will be well informed about the

preventive measures and safe operating practices to be followed for various types of

job. Training courses will be organized for the workmen and the officers before they

are put on the job. Contractor's labourers will also be trained and educated to ensure

safe operating practices for the jobs.

10.3.7.7 Tool & Tackles

In LPG installation, it is customary to use non-sparking type tools (spanners, wrenches

etc). Electrical hand tools like torches; lamp etc. to be used in the hazardous area

should be flame proof type. All tools should be of approved quality and make and will

be purchased with test certificates.

10.3.7.8 Preventive Maintenance & Planned Inspection

To facilitate inspection and maintenance service in planned manner, a schedule will

be made for jobs to be done daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, half yearly and yearly.



190

The record of the jobs done will be kept properly. The inspection & maintenance

schedule will be done as per the directive & procedure lay down by OISD as well

as instructions of suppliers and

OEM. The planned inspection will also include statutory inspection of pressure

vessels, storage tanks, safety valves, etc.

10.3.8 Safety, Health & Environmental Policy of IOCL

IOCL is committed to conduct business with strong environment conscience

ensuring sustainable development, safe workplaces and enrichment of quality of

life of employees, customers and the community. IOCL believes that good SH&E

performance is an integral part of efficient and profitable business management.

Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL is shown in Figure 10.2.

Figure 10-2 Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL



191

Accordingly, the IOCL's endeavour is to:

• Establish and maintain good standards for safety of the people, the processes

and the assets.

• Comply with all rules and regulations on Safety, Occupational Health and

Protection.

• Plan, design, operate and maintain all facilities, processes and procedures to

secure sustained Safety, Health and Environmental Protection.

• Remain trained, equipped and ready for effective and prompt response to

accidents and emergencies.

• Welcome audit of our SH & E conduct by external body, so that stakeholder

confidence is safeguarded.

• Adopt and promote industry best practices to avert accidents and improve our

S,H&E performance.

• Remain committed to be a leader in Safety, Occupational Health and

Environmental Protection through continuing improvement.

• Make efforts to preserve ecological balance and heritage.

10.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

It is necessary to have a permanent organizational set-up charged with the task of

ensuring effective implementation of all identified mitigation measures. Conscious of

this, IOCL will create Environmental Management Cell to coordinate the activities

concerned with the management and implementation of the environmental mitigation

measures during operation phases of the LPG Bottling plant. IOCL will also develop a

well-documented system for pollution monitoring and control.

The IOCL will be responsible for the implementation of mitigation measures during

operation phases of the LPG bottling plant. Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

will be headed by Territorial Manager supported by adequate number of personnel

having sufficient educational and professional qualification and experience to

discharge responsibilities related to environmental management including statutory

compliance, pollution prevention, environmental monitoring, preventive maintenance

of pollution control equipment and green belt development as well as maintenance.

Environment Management Cell (EMC) will look after the environment related matters



192

Manger (HSE)

during the operation phase of the LPG bottling plant. EMC will perform the following

assignments:

• Periodic monitoring of GMS and report any abnormalities for immediate

corrective measures.

• Periodic monitoring of ambient air quality, ground and surface water quality.

• Periodic noise monitoring of the building zone and surrounding area.

• Regular monitoring of storm water drains.

• Green belt plantation, maintenance, development of other forms of greenery.

• Regular monitoring of garbage wastes.

• Development & maintenance of schemes for water conservation.

The Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will take the overall responsibility for co-

ordination of the actions required for environmental management and mitigation,

and for monitoring the progress of the management plan and actions to be taken.

The organization set-up of the Environmental Management Cell (EMC) is presented in

Figure 10.3.

Territorial Manager

Manager (Utility)

Technician Technician Technician Technician

Figure 10-3 Environmental Management Cell

10.5 REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Proper reporting of implementation of mitigation measures plays important role in

effective environmental management. The reporting system will provide the

necessary feedback for project management to ensure proper quality of the work

and that the environmental management programmes are on schedule. The rationale

for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the mitigation

measures as part of the Environmental Management Plan gets implemented during

construction and operation phases of the LPG bottling plant.



193

The reporting system will operate linearly with the person who is at the lowest

level of the implementation system to the project management and shall report to

Territorial Manager of IOCL.

For the project all reporting to the Territorial Manager of IOCL will be on weekly

basis. The IOCL’s Environmental Management Cell will be responsible for preparing

targets for each of the identified mitigation measures.

The compliance monitoring and the progress reports on environmental components

may be clubbed together and submitted to the Territorial Manager to IOCL weekly

during each phase of implementation period. At the end of implementation, weekly

progress report on environmental issues may be discontinued.

During the operation period, a compliance report may include description of the

items of mitigation measures, which were not complied by any of the responsible

agencies. It would also report the management actions taken to enforce compliance.

It may however, be noted that certain items of the EMP might not be possible to be

compiled at the field level due to a variety of reasons. The intention of the compliance

report is not to suppress these issues but to bring out the circumstances and reasons

for which compliance was not possible. This would help in rationalizing the

implementation of the mitigation measures during the remaining duration of

implementation. Solutions for further effective implementation would also come out

as a result of the compliance monitoring reports.

Photographic records will also be established to provide useful environmental

monitoring tools. A full record will be kept as part of normal contract monitoring.

10.6 BUDGETS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP AND MONITORING PLAN

The budget for implementation of mitigation measures and environmental management

plan to mitigate the potential adverse environmental impacts during operation phase

are suggested in Table 10.2.



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Table 10-2 Budget for Implementation of EMP and Monitoring Plan

S.

No. Description

(Cost in Lakh Rupees)

Capital Cost Recurring Cost Per Annum

1. Gardening / Horticulture 40 4.8

2. Rain Water Harvesting 15 0.5

3. Septic Tank / Soak Pits 7.5 0.8

4. Gas Monitoring System 46 2.0

5. Signage’s for EMP 5.5 0.5

6. Monitoring of Air and Noise

Pollution (Acoustic Enclosure) 15 1.5

7. Water Management–Cylinder

Washing Unit and in line bath 14 0.5

Total 143 10.6

10.7 Corporate Social Responsibility

The following Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities will be taken-up by

LPG Bottling plant in the area:

Timeframe

(Year) Activity

2015-16 Construction of Toilet Facility for Government High School,

Gangaikondan village at a cost of Rs 7.5 lacs

2016- 17 Provision of Basic Library Equipments/ Furniture at Gangaikondan

Library at a cost of Rs. 1.0 Lacs

2017-18 Construction of toilet block at Govt. Rani Anna College, Tirunelveli at

a cost of Rs. 19.87 Lacs

2018-19 Rectification of RO system at Govt. School, Thuraiyur at a cost of Rs.

30,000/-

2018-19 Construction of Hu-Methane Gas plant at Narikkuravar colony, Pettai

at a cost of Rs 20.0 lacs

Total 48.67 Lakhs


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11 ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE, REMEDIATION PLAN AND NATURAL & COMMUNITY RESOURCE AUGMENTATION PLAN

11.1 PREAMBLE

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up a LPG bottling plant i.e., Tirunelveli Bottling

Plant with a LPG bottling capacity of 1,20,000 MTPA at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre,

Gangaikondan village in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu State.

bulk LPG storage & bottling facility (Indane LPG bottling plant) comprise bulk LPG storage

(1800 MT) and LPG throughput of 1,20,000 MTPA through 2 LPG Filling carousels and is

located on B37/pt to B43/pt, B50/pt, B51/pt, C30 to C41 in SIPCOT Industrial Growth

Centre, Gangaikondan Village, Tirunelveli Taluka & District Tamil Nadu.

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited at above location has been established in

November 2014 and not yet commissioned/operated as Environmental Clearance was not

yet obtained. So, the project has been notified under violation as per the Ministry of

Environmental Forest and Climate Change Notification, 14-15 march 2017. IOCL has

applied for post facto Environmental Clearance for the bulk LPG storage & bottling facility

from Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MOEF&CC) on 23rd January 2018.

The proposal was discussed in 6th Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2) (Violation)

meeting held during 19-20th April, 2018 and the ToR was granted on 21st May 2018.

The EIA Report was prepared with a detailed study on assessment of Ecological

damage, remediation plan, natural and community resource management plan on the

basis of the TOR issued by MoEF&CC vide letter number F. No. 23-86/2018-IA.III (V)

(Annexure I)

EIA Report has been prepared by M/s ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd. (accredited

by NABL, MoEF). A professional team consisting of Scientists and Engineers have

undertaken a detailed study for an Ecological damage, remediation plan and community

resource management plan.

11.2 INTRODUCTION

The LPG Bottling plant was established in 42 acres of land of SIPCOT Industrial Growth

Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Dist. There are number of other Industries

operating in the SIPCOT Industrial Area. LPG Bottling plant has valid Consent to Establish

(CTE) under water and Air Act obtained from TNPCB vide consent order and other




196

Licenses

CCOE Licenses (Chief Controller of Explosives)

Description of Item License Details

License to Store Compressed Gas in Pressure Vessels

S/HO/TN/03/1034(S51373)

License to fill Compressed Gas in Cylinders G/HO/TN/05/387(G29929)

License to Store Compressed Gas in Cylinders G/HO/TN/06/363(G29929)

Storage of HSD inside premises for Own Use P/HQ/TN/15/5144(P378315)

The unit has obtained Consent for Operation from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board.

However, Indian Oil Corporation is awaiting Environmental Clearance for commencement

of operation. The Design and Construction of the mounded bullets and other Bottling

facility was done as per OSID 150 and OSID 144.

As the Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary is located within a distance of 1 Km from the

project site, The NBWL clearance under Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 is also under

process. Application submitted online on 13.10.2015 and currently the NBWL Clearance

proposal is under final stage of scrutiny by National Board of Wildlife/MoEFCC (WL).

However, the plant is well designed and equipped with all necessary safety, Fire

prevention and very effective firefighting system.

11.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

Presently, there is no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of

Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari. Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential

commodity (domestic LPG) not only to the above Districts in Tamil Nadu but also the

neighbouring Trivandrum and other areas of Kerala State. Decreased movement of trucks

conveying LPG cylinders from Madurai to southern district will have a direct positive

impact on the ambient air quality (i.e. improvement in air quality as fugitive emissions will

be reduced) & the existing traffic scenario will also be reduced. In view of this, LPG Bottling

Plant has been established in SIPCOT Industrial Growth Center at Gangaikondan,

Tirunelveli.

11.4 LOCATION & CONNECTIVITY

IOCL’s Indane Bottling Plant is located at S.F Nos. B37/pt to B43/pt, B50/pt, B51/pt, C30

to C41, C24/pt to C27/pt at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village,




197

Tirunelveli Taluk & District, Tamil Nadu between the latitude 8°49'50.10"N and

77°44'41.27"E longitude.

The project site is well connected by road and rail network. The project site is located

adjacent to NH 7 which connects Varanasi & Kanyakumari. Gangaikondan Railway Station

is located at the distance of 4 km (E). Tuticorin Airport is located at the distance of

33.55km (SW). Co-ordinates of all four corners of the site.

North west North East South West South East

8°49'54.91"N 8°49'54.93"N 8°49‘47.02"N 8°49'43.35"N

77°44‘32.28"E 77°44‘50.30"E 77°44‘32.59"E 77°44‘49.49"E

Figure 11-1 Site Location


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Figure 11-2 Topomap Showing 10 Km Radius of Project Site.


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Figure 11-3 Geographical Location of the Project Site & Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary


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11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

As part of Environmental Impact assessment, baseline environmental monitoring studies

were conducted during the period from January 2018 to March 2018 and details are as

follows

11.6 METEOROLOGY

The maximum and minimum temperature recorded during the study period is 34°C and

23°C. The relative humidity is found varying from 60 to 83%. The predominant winds are

mostly from Northwest, Northeast and Southeast directions. Maximum 63mm rainfall was

recorded during study period.

11.6.1 OBSERVATIONS

o The soil results were compared with soil standards. It has been observed that the pH of

the soil was ranging from 7.58 to 8.33 indicating the soils are basic in nature.

Conductivity of the soil ranges from 0.086 to 0.237 mS/cm. Since the EC value is less

than 2000 µS/cm, the soil is said to be Non saline in nature.

o Texture of the soil sample is predominantly loam. Soil organic content varied from 0.46

to 1.03% which indicates the very low level of organic matter.

o The available nitrogen content ranges between 18.6 to 41.4 mg/kg in the locality and the

value of phosphorus content varies between 45.8 to 112.3 mg/kg. This indicates that the

soil have very high quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphorus.

o The potassium content varies from 325 to 623 mg/kg which indicates that the soils have

high quantities of potassium.

From the above observations it was found that the soil in the Study area shows

moderate fertility. Similar plants established in Tamil Nadu do not cause any impact on Air,

Water, Soil and Noise Environment as there is no process involved except storage filing and

dispatch. The fugitive emissions if any during filling cylinders will be collected through hood,

duct and discharge into the atmosphere.

11.7 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Ecosystem shows complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components



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leading to dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise both plant

and animal communities, interacting not only within and between themselves but also with

the abiotic components of the environment. The map showing the bio-geographic provinces

of India is shown in Figure 11.4.

Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors

because of their strong relationships with them. The studies on the biological aspects of the

ecosystem are important in Environment Impact Assessment studies for the suitability of

natural flora & fauna. Information on the impact of environment stress on the community

structure serves as an inexpensive and efficient early warning system to check the damage

on a particular ecosystem. The biological environment includes mainly terrestrial and

aquatic ecosystem.

A change in the composition of biotic communities under stress is reflected through a change

in the distribution pattern, density, diversity, frequency, dominance and abundance of

natural species of fauna and flora existing in the ecosystem. These changes over a span of

times can be quantified and related to the existing environment.

Objectives

The objectives of ecological study during the study period of EIA study period may be

outlined as follows:

To characterize the environmental components like land, water, flora and fauna;

To understand their present status;

To understand carrying capacity of the ecosystem;

To assess present bio-diversity; and

To identify susceptible and sensitive areas.



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Figure 11-4 Map Showing Biogeographic Classification of India: Provinces

The detailed ecological assessment of the study area has been carried out with the following

objectives:

To establish the present status of ecological conditions surrounding the project

location;

To study the existing anthropogenic stresses on the prevailing ecosystem.

To identify and predict the likely impacts on the local ecosystem from the activities;

To list out floral species, terrestrial vertebrate and aquatic flora and fauna present

within the study area, and significance status under The Wildlife (Protection) Act,

1972



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To define ecological/conservation status of each species as per IUCN categories (Red

Data List).

To formulate mitigation measures and a sustainable Environmental Management

Plan (EMP) basing upon the likely impacts.

During survey, following aspects were considered for ecological studies:

Assessment of present status of flora and fauna;

Identification of rare and endangered species of plants and animals (if any);

Identification of ecologically sensitive areas within the study area;

Assessment of migratory route of wildlife (if any)

Assessment of Aquatic Ecology with specific reference to aquatic birds and fishery

resources.

11.7.1 Methodology

Terrestrial investigations for flora and fauna records were collected by random field survey

and a checklist was prepared. During field survey, discussions with the local people were

carried-out to collect information related to local biodiversity in and around the villages. The

ecological status of the study area has been assessed based on the following methodology:

Primary field surveys to establish primary baseline of the study area;

Compilation of secondary information available in published literatures/ working

plan was referred from State Forest Department.

Site Verification and finalization in consultation with Project proponent, local

inhabitants.

Vegetation analysis through quadrate method using sampling plots of 10m x 10m.

10m X 10m for tree species (record trees >25 cm in GBHOB /species);

5m X 5m [four plots] was laid along diagonals wherein all the shrubs recorded.



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1m X 1m [five plots], one at the centre and four at one per quadrate] was laid and

herbs, grasses in five plots to be noted.

11.7.2 Protocol for Sampling through Quadrate Method

The standard method chosen for the assessment of plant diversity involves the use of square

vegetation quadrates (‘plots’). These quadrates were used to measure most vegetation

attributes in most vegetation types. Quadrate locations marked by pegs or sometimes by grid

system.

The study area is demarcated as 10 km from the periphery of project area based on the

MoEF&CC guidelines. After demarcation, the study area is divided into sampling units, i.e.

the areas which are approximately true representative of the whole area, and were sampled

for the identification of plant and animal species.

A. Floral Study

The assessment of the flora of the study area is done by an extensive field survey of the area.

Plants species were identified based on their specific diagnostics characters of family,

genus and species using available floral, other related literature and herbarium

Botanical Survey of India (BSI).

Besides the identification of plant species, information was collected on the

vernacular names and uses of plants made by local inhabitants.

Qualitative analysis of vegetation is made by two different methods such as floristic

(by simple studying various genera and species of various plant groups i.e. herbs,

shrubs, trees etc).

B. Phyto-sociology

A nested quadrates technique was used for sampling the vegetation. All the plots sampled

were representative of most common types, sampling 10m x 10m for trees and 5m x 5m for

shrubs, 1m x 1m for herbs square meter quadrates were laid. Selection of sites for sampling

of vegetation is done by random sampling procedure. However, in general to study the

phytosociological attributes, quadrates of 10 m × 10 m size for tree species are randomly laid

out at each site at different elevations. Then the observation on the following parameters is

recorded:



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1. Name of the species.

2. Number of the occurrence of each species in each quadrate.

The field data for phytosociological studies was collected in the study area. Vegetation data

was quantitatively analyzed for frequency, density and dominance using standard

methodologies. The relative values of frequency, density, and dominance of all the recorded

species was summed up to represent Importance Value Index (IVI). Not only IVI facilitates

comparison between species of a community, but also the data collected on dispersion,

number and cover can be profitably used in comparing the vegetation structure of two or

more stands or of the same stand over a period of time. Vegetation structure with respect of

varying environmental factors can also be studied through such studies in sets of varying

environmental conditions. The IVI was determined as the sum of the relative frequency,

relative density and relative dominance. It thus incorporate three important parameters that

measures of productivity and diversity of every species therefore.

IVI = Relative frequency + Relative density + Relative dominance

C. Faunal Study

Ground surveys are carried out by trekking the study area for identification of important

animal groups such as birds, mammals and reptiles for sampling of animals through the

following methods.

For sampling birds/ avifauna ‘point sampling’ along the fixed transects (foot trails)

were done to record all the species of birds with the help of binoculars; field guides

and photography for more than 1 hour on each transect (n=4).

For sampling mammals, ‘direct count on open width (20 m) transect’ were used on

the same transects. Besides, information on recent sightings/records of mammals by

the locals are also collected from the study areas.

‘Reptiles’ mainly lizards were sampled by ‘direct count on open width transects’.

Secondary information collected from local villagers, published government data etc.



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List of the endangered and endemic species as per the schedule of The Wildlife Protection

Act, 1972

Emphasis is given to identify avifauna and mammals to determine the presence and absence

of Schedule-1 species, listed in The Wildlife Protection Act 1972, as well as in Red List of

IUCN. Various methods used for study animals are as follows:

A. Point Survey Method: Observations were made at each site for 15-20 min duration.

B. Road Side Counts: The observer travelled by motor vehicles from site to site and all

sightings were recorded.

Code Locations Co-ordinates

EB1 Gangaikondan 8°51'30.11"N, 77°46'43.62"E

EB2 Aladipatti 8°50'3.96"N, 77°47'19.73"E

EB3 Rajavallipuram 8°47'19.50"N, 77°45'9.10"E

EB4 Thalaiyuthu 8°47'37.62"N, 77°43'40.96"E

EB5 Thenkalam Pudur 8°50'4.35"N, 77°42'11.94"E

EB6 Alangaraperi 8°48'22.97"N, 77°46'36.46"E

Figure 11-5 Ecology and Biodiversity Monitoring Locations



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11.8 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY

The area belongs to semi-arid rocky hilly region. The biodiversity survey was conducted in

the month of March 2018 to study the richness of flora and fauna of the project area. The

floral study was carried out using randomly placed quadrates of 10m x 10m for trees, 5m x

5m for shrubs and climbers and 1m x 1m for herbs.

11.9 FLORAL COMPOSITION

The floral study in the 10 km radius of the LPG bottling plant indicates that 62 plant species

were observed. The list plants are given below.

Table 11-1 Floral Composition

S.No. Botanical Name Common Name

1. Azadiracta indica A. Juss Vembu

2. Boerhhavia diffusa L. Mukkurttaikkoti

3. Calotropis gigantean (L.) R.Br. Eruku

4. Borassus flabellifer L. Panai

5. Cassia siamea Lam. Manja Kondrai

6. Cissus quadrangularis L. Nanmuga pirandai

7. Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn Pampu-k-kanni

8. Cleome gynandra L. Naikkaduku

9. Cleome viscosa L. Naikaduku

10. Cocos nucifera L. Thenai

11. Commelina benghalensis L. Thankaipoo

12. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Arukanpull

13. Cyperus rotundus L. korai

14. Cassia fistula L. Sarakonai

15. Nerium odorum nerium

16. Ficus benghalensis L. Alamaram

17. Ficus religiosa L. Arasamaram

18. Indigofera uniflora Buch. Avari

19. Moringa pterygosperma Goertn. Murunai

20. Jasminum angustifolium (L.) Willd. Malligai

21. Mangifera indica L. Mango

22. Ficus racemose Aththi

23. Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. Myilkonrai



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24. Carica papaya L. Pappali

25. Ocimum sanctum Tulsi

26. Pergularia daemia L Veliparuthi

27. Parthenium hysterophorus L. Parthenium

28. Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet. Thuthi

29. Tribulus terrestris Linn Nerunji

30. Tamarindus indica L. Puli

3 1 . Thespesia populanea (L.) Soland. Poovarasu

32. Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Sodrukathalai

33. Ricinus communis L. Athalai

34. Croton sparsiflorus Morong Eliamanakku

35. Opuntia Kalli

36. Ziziphus Elantha Pazham

37. Polyalthua longifolia (Sonner) Thw. Nedulingam

38. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex. Sch. Kanupula sedi

39. Cassia auriculata L. Avarai

40. Morinda tinctoria Roxb Manchanathi

41. Cuscuta L. Verillankothan

42. Tectona grandis L. f. Thekku

43. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Chembaruthi

44. Acacia planiformis Wight & Arn Odaimaram

45. Samanea samen (Jacq.) Marrill. Thungumungi maram

46. Millingtonia hortensis L. Pannerpoomaram

47. Tridax procumbens L kinatruppasan

48. Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk) Wit. Subapull

49. Agave americana L. Aanai katraalai

50. Albizzia lebbeck Benth. Vagai

51. Mimosa pudica Thottaccurungi

52. Terminalia catappa L. Vatham

53. Typha latifolia Sambu

54. Achyranthes aspera Nayuruvi

55. Jatropha gossifolia Seemayamanakku

56. Musa paradisiaca L. Vallai

57. Bougainvillea spectabilis Kakithapoo

58. Eucalyptus Thaila Maram

59. Prosopis julifera Karuvelam

60. Marsilea Aalai Keerai



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61. Arundina Bamboo Orchid

62. Vinca rosea Nithya Kalyani

Among the 62 species of plants, Borassus flabellifer was found to be the dominant species,

whereas Cyperus rotundus was observed to be having lower number of individuals. Cuscuta

sp. was occurred as a parasitic species in the site, invading the common tree species like

Azadiracta indica.

Table 11-2 Consolidated details on the floral diversity

The Diversity index was calculated using standard methods and Shannon index was found

to be 3.33.

11.10 FAUNAL COMPOSITION

Primary data on the fauna was collected within 10km radius of the LPG bottling plant in

SIPCOT complex of Gangaikondan village. In each plot faunal species were identified based

on direct sightings and indirect evidences such as call, foot prints if any, nesting, excreta etc.

Based on identification the list animals is given below.

Table 11-3 Faunal Composition

S.No. Botanical Name Common Name

1. Ovis aries Sheep

2. Capra aegagrus hircus Goat

3. Canis lupus familiaris Dog

Number of Species 62

Number of Individuals 972

Dominance 0.041

Shannon Diversity 3.33

Simpson 0.95

Evenness 0.86

Menhinick 3.64

Margalef 7.23

Equitability index 0.95

Fisher alpha diversity 20.77

Berger-Parker 0.08



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4. Gecko Lizard

5. Felis catus Cat

6. Bos taurus Cow

7. Macaca radiate Monkey

8. Corvus splendens Crow

9. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna

10. Loriculus vernalis Parrot

11. Collocalia esculenta Glossy Swiftlet

12. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret

13. Tyto alba Owl

14. Columba rupestris Pigeon

15. Passer domesticus House Sparrow

16. Milvus migrans Black Kite

17. Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo

18. Naja naja oxiana Central Asian Cobra

19. Varanus sp. Monitor Lizard

20. Chamaeleo gracilis Graceful Chameleon

21. Bufo melanostictus Indian Toad

22. Duttaphrynus melanostictus Toad

23. Anopheles rufipes Mosquito

24. Anopheles coustani Mosquito

25. Culex annulioris Mosquito

26. Ficalbia splendens Mosquito

27. Musca domestica House fly

28. Anochetus Ant

29. Technomyrmex Ant

30. Acantholepis Ant

31. Ardea purpurea Peria vellai kokku

32. Ardea cinerea Sambal narai

33. Anaphaeis aurota The Pioneer butterfly

34. Papilio demoleus The Lime Butterfly

35. Pachliopta aristolochiae The common Rose Butterfly

36. Troides Minos The Southern Birdwing

37. Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger butterfly

38. Mycalesis anaxias Indian common butterfly



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Table 11-4 Consolidated details on the fauna diversity

Totally 38 faunal species were identified in the project area. During public consultation

it was informed by the locals that the wild life found in the spotted deer sanctuary

constitute Deer, Rabbit and Wild boar etc. Domestic fauna constitute of sheep, goat, cow

etc. are the integral part of rural livelihood.

11.11 PROTECTED AREA

The LPG bottling plant area does not have any National park, Biosphere reserve within

10 km radius except the recently declared spotted deer sanctuary, which is about 0.9 km

away from the plant site.

The topography of the forest area is mainly rocky and Hilly terrain. As per the revised

classification of forest types by Champion and Seth (1968), the existing forest is coming

under Forest Types - 6A Southern tropical thorn forest and Sub types – 6A/C – Southern

thorn forest

Details of the Sanctuary

Name of Sanctuary Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary

1 District Tirunelveli

2 Taluk Tirunelveli

3 Village/s Gangaikondan & Alankaraperi

4 Block Gangaikondan

5 Total Area 288.40 hectares

Number of species 35

Number of Individuals 504

Shannon index 2.70

Simpson index 0.92

Evenness 0.86

Menhinick 2.73

Margalef 4.46

Equitability index 0.94

Fisher alpha diversity 11.74

Berger-Parker 0.131251



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Flora

The entire area is a dry and the predominant species observed in the area are Prosopis

juliflora and Acacia species (leucocephala and nilotica). In total 30 plant species consists of 6

trees, 5 shrubs, 19 herbs, were recorded from Gangaikondan Deer Sancturay. There is no

endemic or endangered flora found in the study area.

Primary and secondary data were collected and details of flora and fauna furnished below.

Table 11-5 List of Plants Recorded in Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary

S.No Name Family Herbs

1. Capparis zeylanica Capparaceae 2. Cissus quandrangulais Vitaceae 3. Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae 4. Tylophora indica Asclepiadaceae 5. Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 6. Aerva javanica Amaranthaceae 7. Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae 8. Aloe vera Liliaceae 9. Aristida setacea Poaceae

10. Argyreia nervosa Convolvulaceae 11. Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae 12. Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae



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13. Chloris barbata Poaceae 14. Cynodon dactylon Poaceae 15. Euphorbia resinifera Euphorbiaceae 16. Lepidagathis cristata Acanthaceae 17. Rostellularia prostrata Acanthaceae 18. Themeda triandra (kangaroo grass) Poaceae 19. Vernnonia cinerea Asteraceae

Shrubs 20. Canthium parviflorum Rubiaceae 21. Catunaregam spinoa Rubiaceae 22. Dodonea viscosa Sapindaceae 23. Jatropha gladulifera Euphorbiaceae 24. Phyllanthus reticulatus Euphorbiaceae

Trees 25. Acacia leucoceploea Mimosaceae 26. Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae 27. Borasus flabelifer Arecaceae 28. Carissa carandus Apocynaceae 29. Leucaena leucocephala Mimosaceae 30. Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae

11.12 FAUNA

In total 33 faunal species were recorded from the Gangaikondan Deer Sanctuary area that

belong to 4 mammals, 12 birds, 3 reptiles and 11 butterflies. The detail list of fauna recorded

from the study area is at below table.

Among 33 faunal species recorded from the study area, Pavo cristatus (Cited) and comes

under Schedule-I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Table 11-6 List of fauna Recorded in Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary

S.No Common Name Scientific name WLPA, 1972

Mammals

1. Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Schedule II

2. Indian Palm squirrel Funambuus palmarum Schedule IV

3. Rabbit Lepus nigricollis Schedule IV

4. Spotted Deer Axis axix Schedule III

Birds

5. Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Schedule IV

6. Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Schedule IV

7. Common Crow Corvus splendens Schedule V



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8. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Schedule IV

9. Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Schedule IV

10. House Sparrow Passer domesticus Schedule IV

11. Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Schedule-I

12. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata Schedule IV

13. Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus Schedule-IV

14. Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Schedule IV

15. Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Schedule IV

16. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Schedule IV

Reptiles

17. Common skink Mabuya carinata -

18. Dhaman /Rat snake Ptyas mucosa Schedule II

19. Garden calotes Calotes versicolor -

Insects-Butterflies

20. Blue tiger Tirumala limniacae -

21. Common emigrant Catopsilia pomona -

22. Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe

23. Common tiger Danaus genutia

24. Common grass dart Taractrocera maevius -

25. Common jezebel Delias eucharis -

26. Common mormon Papilio polytes -

27. Common sailor Neptis hylas -

28. Dark grass blue Zizeera knysna -

29. Indian cabbage white Pieris canidae -

30. Lemon pansy Junonia lemonias -

Insect-Odonates (dragon flies)

31. Common Club tail - Ictinogomphus rapax -

32. Green Marsh Hawk Orthetrum sabina -

33. Ground Skimmer Diplacodes trivialis -

11.13 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The LPG bottling plant in the SIPCOT complex of Gangaikondan village is meant for

transporting, storing and bottling LPG in a leak proof closed system with all precautions.

Hence there is little possibility of pollution from the plant and its impact on the environment

especially fauna and flora. There is a possibility of dust and noise pollution during

construction period, but the construction and the installation all infrastructure was over



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and hence that impact on flora and fauna is also ruled out at present. There is a possibility

of noise and stalk emission from the gen sets, whenever they are in use. This may cause

dislocation of small animals from the vicinity of the site. The establishment of the plant may

not have any impact on the animals in the spotted deer sanctuary, as the sanctuary is far

away from the plant. The movement of vehicles, especially the trucks which transport the

LPG may create noise and dust pollution, which may have temporary impact on small

animals as they may move away to safer place to avoid noise. To minimize dust while

transport the roads are to be maintained without dust emission. The risk analysis and was

carried out and given in the EIA report.

11.14 MITIGATION

To create greenery in the plant site in the SIPCOT complex, establishment of greenbelt was

initiated by planting about 1670 trees with Neem tree (230 nos.), Casia fistula (535 nos.),

Sananea saman (100 nos.), Teak (105 nos.), Indian almond (150 nos.) and Pongamia pinnata

(340 nos.). It is also to plant 500 more trees of native species within the plant. This creates

a green cover of the entire site, which will attract many bird species and provide shelter for

them.

The DG sets stack heights were raised as per the norms stipulated by pollution control board

and the emissions from exhaust will be dispersed and may not have any impact on the flora

and fauna of the project site area. As the plant is a leak proof closed system of LPG bottling

plant, there is little possibility emission from the plant and it is no way going to have impact

on the flora and fauna of the spotted deer sanctuary, which is far away the plant.

1) Steps take to provide special care to protect flora & fauna.

We have planted trees (native species) like Neem, Ashoka, inside the project site.

Green-belt is developed to the extent of 33%.

At present trees are grown to a height of 2m and are protected well.

Manure is added to all trees for growth periodically.

Water is supplied to all trees on regular basis.

Gardeners are employed for maintaining green belt.



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Compound wall to a height of 3.0 m is provided all along the boundary to prevent

unauthenticated entry & walk.

There are approx. 1700 trees inside our boundary.

11.15 Our Wild Protection Plan to protect flora & fauna are as follows

1. Adequate storm water drains are provided within our project site. Avenue trees are

also provided. Rain water is channelized to storm water drains.

2. We have planned to set up 30KWp power panel which will produce 360 units of

electricity.

3. Any endangered or threatened species is noticed, District forest officials will be

contacted for their safe entry into nearest Reserve Forest.

4. In the event of any requirement for providing water storage ponds within the nearest

Reserve Forest, Our unit will render financial assistance based on the District Forest

Administration estimate.

5. A workers campaign will be conducted for protection of forests and to increase green

cover among the employees and village community in the vicinity of our project area.

6. If any community forest is provided, our unit will be participating actively for supply

of saplings.

Total approximate financial cost under this would be:

S.No. Name of Activity Amount (in lakhs)

1. Water storage pond

3.0

2. Awareness campaign on wildlife

protection act for the nearby villages 1.0

Total 4.0

11.15.1 Safeguard Measures

In addition to the various plans, Project authorities are suggested to furnish appropriate

guidelines to their workers as safeguard measures. Some of the measures to be followed

are mentioned below:

1. Strict monitoring of contract labourers within our project site for any activity

related to endangering the life or habitat of wild animals and birds.



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2. Strict restrictions will be imposed on the workers at Project sites to ensure

that they do not harvest any produce from the natural forests and cause any

danger or harm to the animals and birds in wild.

3. The Project authorities will be bound by the rules and regulations of the Wildlife

Protection Acts or any such agency of the State, for the preservation of habitats

and protection of wild animals.

4. It is to be ensured that the noise levels do not go above 90 dB in the Project area.

One of the measures that is to be adopted is that trucks and Lorries under constant

and strict surveillance for monitoring of noise levels. DG sets have been provided

with acoustical enclosures to control noise. The suggested methodologies aim at

reducing and mitigating noise so as to cause as little disturbance to the animals as

possible.

The monitoring and evaluation of Biodiversity Management and Wildlife

Conservation Plan for protection of Flora & Fauna within the Gangaikondan spotted

deer sanctuary will be done in consultation with Tamil Nadu Forest Department.

11.15.2 Budget provided for Wildlife Conservation Plan

Total budget for the Wildlife Conservation Plan would be Rs. 11.0 Lakhs. The breakup

of the budget is given below:

Table 11-7 Wildlife Conservation Budget

S.no Name of Activity Total Amount (in lakhs)

1. Wildlife Conservation Plan 4.0

2. Biodiversity Monitoring 2.0

3. Afforestation 5.0

Total 11.0

11.16 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The impact on one or another environmental parameters from various activities during

construction phases of the LPG storage and bottling facilities and distribution facility

are considered and assessed in the study.

11.16.1 Topography

Impact on topography was not envisaged during construction of the LPG storage and



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The Site is allocated to IOCL from SPICOT Industrial Estate, so Land clearing at the

site was kept at the absolute minimum practicable

Mounded bullets, filling shed and loading / unloading bays are constructed within

the plant site.

Excess quantity of Excavated earth was used for of filling the elevated basement of filling

sheds, loading / unloading bay etc.


The emissions from operation of construction equipments and vehicles bringing materials

to the site resulted in temporary degradation of air quality, primarily, close to the

working environment affecting construction employees. Dust and other emissions were

not spread in vicinity of site and surroundings as

Construction materials were fully covered during transportation by road to the

project site.

Dust suppression systems (water spray) were used as per requirement at the

construction site.

Earth moving equipment, typically with a grader blade and ripper were used for

excavation work.

Construction vehicles and machineries were maintained properly and “Pollution

under Control” certificate were kept up-to-date and checked.

The excavated earth from LPG storage and bottling facilities during construction resulted

emission of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Dust and gaseous emissions due to

construction activities at LPG storage and bottling facilities was minimised by water

sprinkling at periodic intervals

Construction area was cordoned off by tin sheets up to about 3 m height.

Mixing of cement with other building materials was done at isolated place.

Hence, the impacts on the ambient air quality during construction phase was temporary

and reversible in nature for short duration and it was restricted to short distance only.



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Some noise was generated due to operation of construction machines. However, these noise

sources were temporary nature and were operated mostly during day-time and for short

duration.

At the time of construction/erection of mounded bullets, filling machine, sheds, buildings etc.,

no major noise was generated. Acoustic treatment of enclosure and rubber anti vibration

padding are provided to DG Sets to control noise level as per CPCB guidelines.

At LPG storage and bottling facilities, construction activities produced maximum noise levels

of about 80 dB(A) during various erection activities like, excavation, hammering,

construction equipment operation etc at the construction site. Silencers were provided to

modulate the noise generated by machines. The construction workers in general were

exposed to an equivalent noise level of 75-80 dB(A) intermittently for which all statutory

precautions like ear muff/plugs were provided to the workers as per law were taken into

consideration. The mandatory use of proper personal protective equipment mitigated

adverse impact of the noise generated by equipment to the workers during construction

phase.

Noise levels from construction activities were reduced significantly at the boundary of LPG

storage and bottling facilities. Hence, impact of noise generation from the construction of the

facilities IOCL plant in surrounding area was insignificant in nature.


The domestic requirement of water during the construction phase was maximum upto

5 kl/day. The construction activities at LPG storage and bottling facilities did not affect

the ground water and surface water quality in any way as the water requirement was

very small which was also obtained from SIPCOT and Sewage generated was treated in

septic tank followed by soak pit. Therefore, no significant impact is anticipated on surface

and ground water resources of the area during construction phase.

During construction phase of LPG bottling plant the excavation work was carried out

during non-monsoon season. Waste includes small quantity of metal cuttings, soil debris,

etc were generated and cleared after construction activity was over and same were



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disposed in environmental sound manner.

The construction water requirement vary per day of about 5-30 kl/day were sourced from

local vendors by the contractors, Use of water was minimized during construction phase.

Drainage channels and storm water drains were constructed at the site. Sediment traps

provided at appropriate locations to prevent the discharge of excessive suspended solids

and to prevent contamination from accidental spillage of fuel oil, the storage areas were

bunded and cleaned at regular interval

Therefore, no significant impact could be observed on ground and surface water quality of

the area during construction phase.

11.16.5 Soil

During the construction of LPG bottling plant, construction wastes such as excavated soil,

debris, some pipes/ metal waste and very small amount of oil & grease were generated.

Lubricating waste oil were collected separately in drums and same was handed over to

waste oil recyclers as authorized by TNPCB as per CPCB guidelines


The LPG storage and bottling facilities is located within land leased in SIPCOT industrial

growth centre. As such, no impact was observed on the land use of the area during

construction phase.


The construction of LPG mounded bullets and LPG bottling plant did not involve any tree

cutting and vegetation. Therefore, adverse impact on the terrestrial ecology was

insignificant in nature.

11.16.8 Forest & Wild Life

There would not be any impact on Gangaikondan spotted deer sanctuary and forest

from the LPG storage and bottling facilities due to the following

NH17 is dividing the sanctuary and project site. The project site is at 0.9 Km from

National Highway.

A compound wall was erected all along the boundary during construction itself to

prevent entry of any unauthorised person.



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Green belt was being developed in 33% of area.

11.16.9 Aquatic Ecology

No impact is envisaged on aquatic ecology during construction of LPG storage and

bottling facilities during construction as there is no water body in the vicinity of the

plant.

11.16.10 Socio-Economic Environment


Therefore, socio-economic impacts linked to the acquisition of land, Resettlement and

Rehabilitation are not there.

Distribution of Population

The males and females constitute about 49.86% and 50.13% respectively of the total

population in the study area.

Particulars Study Area

No. of Households 19,111

Male Population 35,476

Female Population 35,672

Total Population 71,148

Average Household Size 3.72

Sex ratio 1005

Distribution of Literate

The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in below table.

This indicates a major sociological development in the region. This can be attributed to the

Tamil Nadu Government's literacy improvement schemes.

S. No. Particulars Study Area

1 Total literate 52,012

2 Average literacy (%) 73.10

3 Total illiterates 19,136



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4 Average illiteracy (%) 26.89

The LPG storage and bottling facilities generated direct and indirect employment

opportunities during the construction phase. About 50 local skilled, semi-skilled and

unskilled labourers got employment in the construction activities. This was a moderate

positive impact of the LPG storage and bottling facilities.

The construction of the LPG storage and bottling facilities had beneficial impacts as

some local unskilled, semiskilled and skilled persons gained direct or indirect

employment. Since the immigration of work force during construction of LPG storage

and bottling facilities was insignificant, the social impacts on literacy, health care,

transport and housing facilities and cultural aspects were also insignificant.

11.17 Operation Phase

The impact on one or another environmental attributes from various activities during

operation phases of the LPG storage and bottling facilities and distribution facility are

considered and assessed in the study.

11.17.1 Topography

During operation phase of LPG storage and bottling facilities, no impact is anticipated on

the topography, therefore, no mitigation measure is required.

11.17.2 Impact on Regional Climate

During operation of IOCL’s LPG bottling plant, no gaseous emissions are anticipated,

therefore, no impact is anticipated on the climatology and meteorology of the area during

the operation phase of LPG plant. Hence, no mitigation measure is required.


During the normal operation of the LPG storage and bottling facilities, there will be no

source of air emissions. Hence, the impact on ambient air quality will be insignificant during

operation phase.

During operation phase, intermittent gaseous emissions are anticipated from DG sets which

will be operated during grid power failure at LPG storage and bottling facilities. DG sets are

fitted with stack of sufficient height as per CPCB guidelines to achieve natural dispersion



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of pollutants.

Air modelling

The potential impact on air quality would mainly be from

Combustion of Fuels (D.G set)

Vehicles (Trucks)

Combustion of Fuels - Operation of Diesel Generator sets use High Speed Diesel (HSD) as

fuel. Upon combustion they will have impact on air quality. The anticipated key air emissions

from the project would be Particulate Matter. They which will be of intermittent nature.

Fugitive Emissions - Vehicles plying for transportation of Bulk LPG & filled cylinders will

also be sources of air emissions.

The air emissions from the operation are particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen and Oxides

of Sulphur. The oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are from the fuel combustion of used in the

emergency diesel generators. In order to conservatively estimate the operations, it is

assumed that all the emissions were estimated to maximum operating conditions.

The air quality estimation is performed based on air quality modelling using USEPA

approved AERMOD dispersion modelling software to identify if there are any impacts to the

environment associated with the operations of the project. The DG stack emission from the

project is normally considered as continuous air emissions.

11.17.3.1 Emission Inventory: The project is conceptual stage, so emission estimates based on manufacturer’s data would

be used as primary estimates and if reasonable emission rates were not obtainable USEPA

emission factors is used.

11.17.3.2 Air Dispersion Modelling A dispersion model is a series of equations describing the relationships between the

concentration of a substance in the atmosphere arising at a chosen location, the release rate,

and factors affecting the dispersion and dilution in the atmosphere. The model requires

information on the emission characteristics and the local meteorology. Modelling can also be

used to predict future scenarios, short-term episodes, and long-term trends.

Nearby buildings and complex topography can have significant effects upon the dispersion

characteristics of a plume Buildings may cause a plume to come to ground much closer to



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the stack than otherwise expected, causing significantly higher substance concentrations.

Plumes can impact directly on high buildings under certain meteorological conditions, which

may trap emissions during low-level inversions. Based on the scope of the project, AERMOD

would be an appropriate model to assess the ground level concentration within the project

area and at ambient level outside of the plant boundary.

In order to conservatively estimate the maximum ground level operation, maximum

operating conditions under maximum emission scenario is calculated.

Key steps of the assessment would include:

Emission estimation to quantify emissions. The emission estimates will be based on

manufacturers data on comparison with the scheduled operation; in the absence of

manufacturers data, emission factors obtained from USEPA, AP-42 or emission

estimates from similar operating facility will be used.

Obtaining local meteorological file, for months of monitoring for one season for the

monitoring period

Model inputs with stack/vent related specifications such as height, type of stack,

diameter, exhaust temperature, exit velocity, orientation of the stack, exhaust flow

rate and emission rate

The regional meteorological data set from the data collected from the monitoring location is

verified with the Indian Meteorological Data (IMD) repository. The onsite data is then

processed using AERMET to produce the meteorological input files and on-site data to

further enhance the detailed analysis of the atmospheric and dispersion conditions

applicable to the project area.

The general process approach for AERMOD would include:

Process meteorological data using AERMET;

Obtain digital terrain elevation data;

Incorporate building downwash using BPIP-PRIME;

Characterize site - complete source and receptor information;

Perform terrain data pre-processing for AERMOD dispersion model using AERMAP



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11.17.4 METEOROLOGY

Meteorological data collected from the study area is used for analysis. This micro-

metrological data is cross referred with the 10 year meteorological data collected from

nearest IMD station.

11.17.4.1 Results and Discussion: Modelling results consist of maximum concentrations (in μg/m3) for each of the modelled

substances. The concentration isopleths are shown in Figure 11.6 to Figure 11.8 and the

summary of dispersion modelling results for each of the selected substances is given in Table

11.7. The modelling assessment was carried out for all the stack sources within the project

site and the emissions were based on maximum operating conditions.

Stack/Point Sources: The primary pollutants from the stack/point sources are the

particulates PM10, SO2 and NO2, which are emitted from sources described in Table 11.7

within the facility.

Table 11-8 Summary of dispersion modelling results

S. No Pollutant Predicted GLC, µg/m3

1 Particulate Matter (PM10) 6.01

2 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 14.3

3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 14.3

Cumulative impact on baseline ambient air quality, after the implementation of the project

has been arrived by superimposing the present baseline maximum air quality levels of each

pollutant. The resultant ambient air quality after implementation of the plant is given in 11.8.

Table 11-9 Resultant concentrations at site after implementation of the project.

Sl.

No. Pollutant

Maximum

Baseline

Conc , µg/m3

Predicted

Incremental

Increase GLC µg/m3

Resultant

Maximum

Conc., µg/m3

NAAQS

Limits

µg/m3



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1. Particulate

Matter(PM10) 54 6.01 60.01 100

2. Sulphur

Dioxide (SO2) 6.2 14.3 20.5 80

3. Nitrogen

Dioxide (NO2)

12.2 14.3 26.5 80

The predictions indicate that the contribution of the facility to the ambient air quality will be

minimum and concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations will be well within the

prescribed limit for industrial, residential and rural zone even after plant comes into

operation.

Figure 11-6 Maximum Ground Level Concentration for 24 - hours - PM10



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Figure 11-7 Maximum Ground Level Concentration - 24 hour - SO2

Figure 11-8 Maximum Ground Level Concentration - 24 hour - NO2

Based on the Air quality assessment for the project, the air quality neighbouring the project

would have a negligible increase in the ambient concentration of the pollutants, and the

values would be marginal such that the impact would not be felt. The maximum



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concentration was found closer to the source of the project site and impact to regional or

local air quality will not be felt beyond 1 km.

The ground level concentration will not increase significantly the concentration of PM10;

PM2.5, NOx & SO2 values are well below the standards prescribed by CPCB for ambient air

quality.

DG sets are fitted with stacks of sufficient height as per CPCB guidelines to achieve natural

dispersion of exhaust gases. Green belt also acts as green lung which greatly helps improving

the air quality of the area.

S.no. Capacity(KVA) Quantity Fuel used Stack

height(m)

Stack

Diameter(in)

1 750 1 HSD BS IV 13.5 12

2 250 1 HSD BS IV 13.5 6

Figure 11-9 Diesel Generator with Adequate Stack Height

11.17.5 Traffic study

During receipt of LPG through bullet tankers and distribution of LPG cylinders, increase in

vehicular emissions is anticipated due to bullet truck and Cylinder truck movement. As an

estimate 50 – 60 trucks will be reaching LPG plant for unloading of LPG and distribution

cylinders to authorized dealers in the area. To control vehicular emissions, truck/tankers



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engaged in bulk LPG transportation and distribution of LPG cylinders will essentially

have Pollution under Control Certificate (PUCC) to minimize vehicular emissions. It will be

ensured at the gate of IOCL LPG plant.

Traffic study of the area

S.No. Parameter Details

1. Width & number of lanes of road

connecting NH 7 & Tirunelveli BP 30 Feet & 2 Lane road – NH7

2. Number of entrances / exits to BP Two – One main and another

emergency.

3.

Number of bullet trucks entering

& exiting per day (please provide

separate values)

BTs – Entry - 16 Nos.

Exit – 16 Nos.

4.

Number of vendor trucks

entering & exiting per day (please

provide separate values)

STs - Entry - 60 Nos.

Exit – 60 Nos.

5.

Direction of exit for bullet trucks

i.e. do the bullet trucks depart

towards Chennai (back to IPPL)

or do they refill elsewhere.

Bullet trucks will depart to either

IPPL (Chennai) or MRPL

(Mangalore) as per requirement

and product availability.

6.

Since we say that the BP will cater

to several districts what is the

direction taken by vendor trucks

(if possible can you specify the

high usage vs low usage zones).

We can plot the traffic route

accordingly

58 Distributors will be attached

to plant who are present in the

following directions :

1) South – 26

2) North – 15

3) West – 11

4) East – 6.



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Air Quality and the future traffic scenario considering expansion can be used as input

parameter and the ambient air quality after expansion can be predicted using CALINE4, a line

source model used to predict the air pollution concentration near road ways. Upon,

scrutinizing the predicted Pollutant concentration results it can be found that even after the

increased truck movement due to prosed activities there will not be any significant rise in the

Ambient Air Quality.

Table 11-10 CALINE4 Predicted Results

Parameter

Maximum

Baseline

Conc., µg/m3

Predicted

Incremental Increase

Conc., µg/m3

Resultant

Maximum

Conc.,µg/m3

NAAQ

Standards

(μg/m3)

PM10 57 0.325 57.325 100

NOx 16.4 0.109 16.509 80

CO 160 0.616 160.616 2000

The Air quality after the project operation considering the results as predicted by CALINE4

also is well within NAAQ Standards. Therefore, during operation phase the impacts on the

ambient air quality shall be insignificant.

Overall impact of LPG storage and bottling facilities in the study area will be positive and

beneficial in long term, as distribution of LPG cylinders will replace or minimize use of

traditional fuels, such as, wood, coal, petroleum oils and subsequently improvement in

ambient air quality of the area will be observed.


The average ambient noise level at the boundary walls of the LPG storage and bottling

facilities, as monitored during baseline data generation are in the range of 40.9 to 51.8

dB(A). At the LPG storage and bottling facilities, pumps, DG sets, fire pumps, loading /

unloading bays and cylinders truck and bullet tankers will be major source of noise

generation. The noise levels from these sources shall be in the range of 70 to 80 dB (A).

DG sets will be intermittent source of noise generation and will be operated only during



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grid power failure. To control noise levels, DG sets have been provided with acoustic

enclosures and anti-vibration pads. Hence, anticipated impact of noise generation from

LPG storage and bottling facilities during operation phase will be limited within the

boundary.

Noise levels from LPG storage and bottling facilities will not reach its boundary.

DG sets are acoustically enclosed to control noise levels as per CPCB guidelines. The

greenbelt also diminishes noise pollution by absorbing high degree of noise due to their

spongy foliar crown.

Ear muff and ear plugs will be provided to operators while working DG sets

rooms/high noise areas.

Figure 11-10 Avenue plantation at Entrance for minimizing noise and dust emissions

11.17.7 Water Environment and Quality

For normal operation of LPG storage and bottling facilities, no process water is required so,

no process effluent will be generated. However, about 1 KLD of water will be required for

cylinder washing which will obtained from SIPCOT. Waste water generated from cylinders

washing will be collected in settling tank and dosed for flocculation of suspended

particles. Treated water from clarifier will be reused for cylinders washing purpose to

minimize the use of fresh water.

For domestic purpose only 3 KLD water will be required at the LPG storage and bottling

facilities, 2.4 KLD sewage will be generated, which will be treated through septic tank



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and disposed through soak pit. 5 nos. of septic tanks of dimensions 2.4m X 1.2 m X 1m are

constructed in Admin building, Amenity Building &Contract labour rest room, Truck crew

rest room, Security Cabin and S&D block to ensure the same. Refer figure is shown below.

Figure 11-11 Septic Tank & Soak Pits

In order to conserve rain water, Two numbers of rain water harvesting tanks of 4 X 2 sq.m

with 2 m depth are provided to collect the water, drains have been maintained to collect the

storm water using the natural slope of the plant. Strom water drains are provided all along

the plant area, collecting the entire storm water and it is connected to SIPCOT’s common

drain provided outside our compound wall.



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Figure 11-12 Storm Water Drains inside the Plant

Proper collection and disposal of solid and hazardous waste to be generated from LPG

storage and bottling facilities

Hence, during the operation of the LPG storage and bottling facilities, no impact is

anticipated on water quality.

Figure 11-13 Rain Water Harvesting Sumps inside the Plant

11.17.8 Soil

During operation of LPG storage and bottling facilities, no process waste will be

generated in any form. It is estimated that about 15 kg municipal solid waste may be

generated by workers, canteen and truck drivers.

Municipal solid waste generated from the LPG bottling plant will be segregated in the form

of recyclable waste, biodegradable waste and non-bio-degradable wastes. Recyclable waste

including paper, plastic, etc will be sent for recycling. Biodegradable waste will be used

for composting at the LPG plant to produce manure for green belt. Sludge will be

generated from septic tank, which will be used as manure for green belt.

Occasionally, used oil will be generated from DG sets and engines maintenance, which is

categorized as Hazardous Waste as per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and



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Transboundary Movement) Rule 2008. The used oil at the LPG bottling plant will be

stored in in drums and handed over to MoEF&CC/Tamil Nadu State Pollution Control

Board approved Used Oil recyclers for recycling purpose.

Hence, no significant impact is anticipated on soil of the area and at LPG storage and



The LPG storage and bottling facilities is located within land leased in SIPCOT industrial

growth centre. Therefore, no impact is anticipated on the land use of the area during

operation phases. Therefore, no management plan is required.


The LPG storage and bottling facilities will not cause any impact on terrestrial ecology of

the area as no trees cutting is involved during operation phase. Green belt was developed

in 13.86 Acres (33%) area, peripheral green belt are developed around the plant boundary

and in the open areas landscaping are carried out.

Approximately 1700 trees were planted and proposal to add 500 more trees in the bottling

plant. Greenbelt are important habitats for birds, which add to the aesthetic value of the

environment.



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Figure 11-14 Green Belt Development within the Site

11.17.11 Forest & Wild Life

There would not be any impact on Gangaikondan spotted deer sanctuary and forest

from the LPG storage and bottling facilities. Detail ecology study was carried out and

prevention, monitoring measures to safeguard the flora and fauna in the sanctuary were

given.

11.17.12 Aquatic Ecology

No impact is envisaged on aquatic ecology from the operation of LPG storage and

bottling facilities during operational phases.

11.17.13 Socio-Economic Environment

Due to this Plant positive socio-economic impact will be observed in the form of the

following:

Reduction of Emissions: The LPG storage and bottling facilities will ensure

availability of LPG for domestic and industrial establishments in the region which

will help in minimization of use fossil fuel (petrol, HSD, furnace oil etc.) , coal,

wood, etc. Consequently, it will help in maintaining cleaner environment due to

reduction in emissions.

Improved Health Conditions: Use of LPG as a cleaner fuel will also create healthy

environmental conditions and help in uplift of socio-economic conditions of

people of the region.

The LPG storage and bottling facilities shall generate additional direct/indirect

employment and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and would

help in the socio-economic up-liftment of the state as well as the local area.

Emergency /disaster is an undesirable occurrence of events of such magnitude and nature

that adversely affect production, cause loss of human lives and property as well as damage

to the environment. The plant is constructed meeting all the statutory requirements. The

fire prevention and firefighting system and organisation established here ids capable of



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taking care of any type of hazardous occurrence incidental to operation, maintenance of

plant and to serve the neighbouring sites

Fire Prevention /Protection System

Multi gas detector:

Two Numbers of portable multi gas detectors are available, which is used to detect the

presence of hydrocarbons & oxygen level at any point.

Vapour Extraction System:

Vapour extraction system installed is having suction points in filling shed at carousal area,

Evacuation and Integrated weight correction unit and Degassing shed where the gas

concentration is likely to be high. The system discharges collected gas/air mixture at higher

level over the roof top so that explosive free atmosphere is continuously maintained at

filling area.

Gas Leak Detectors: 35 numbers of Gas detection sensors are provided at major places in

Plant. Gas monitoring system with warning and alarms at 20 % LEL and 60 % LEL

respectively is present to automatically sense the leakage of LPG. This system is also

connected to a microprocessor based system for storing history over a long period for

review. Mimic repeater panels are available at Location In-charge cabin, S&D cum Control

Room and Main gate security cabin to show the exact place of Emergency.

Fire and safety provisions

Firefighting facilities provided in the Bottling plant are

• Fire water storage tanks – 3 Nos. Above ground (Capacity of 3x2500KL)

• Fire water pumps - 3 Nos. (Capacity: 615 m3/hr),Total head: 88 m

• Discharge Head – 9.0 Kg/Cm2g

• Jockey Fire Water Pump - 2 Nos. Cap: 10 m3/hr each, Total head: 90 m

• Discharge Pressure – 10 Kg/Cm2

Prevention / Elimination of Source of Fire:

The identified potential source for fire is “Ignition”. To eliminate/prevent such



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sources, following measures are taken.

• All installations are only flame proof and intrinsically safe electrical systems

and equipments.

• Spark retardant anti- static mastic flooring in cylinder handling areas like

Unloading & loading shed, filling shed, Degassing repair shed and filled

cylinder storage shed.

• Effective Bonding and Earthing connections for equipment and product

pipelines to dissipate static electricity. A well maintained earth grid

interconnected with 93 earth pits for safe passage of any leakage current.

• Use of Non-sparking tools & wooden hammers for preventing sparks during

maintenance work.

• Thorough screening of people at entry of plant for lighter/matches, cell

phones, electronic equipments, cameras and any article capable of producing

static charges.

• 6 nos. of Emergency Shutdown Buttons (ESDs) at strategic areas to activate

audio/visual alarm and tripping of electrical system are provided. Also 10 nos.

of manual call points (MCPs) are provided at all approach roads of licensed &

non licensed area to give alarms.

• The Fire hydrant network is always kept under pressure using 2nos. jockey

pumps to maintain a pressure of 7 Kg/Cm2 at the farthest point of plant. i.e

Truck parking area.

• Interlocking of sprinkler system with Remote Operated Valves (ROV) and

electrical siren.

• Intrinsically safe public address /paging system is provided in license and

non- license area.



AUGMENTATION PLAN

238

Figure 11-15 Gas Monitoring Sensor Figure 11-16 Control Panel for GMS

Figure 11-17 Sprinkler System within Filling Shed

11.18 Activities along with budget for Protecting Environment, Conserving Ecology &

Biodiversity.

Installation of roof top 30 kWp solar PV panels for reduction in grid/DG power

consumption leading to reduced fossil fuel consumption.

Additional two Rain water harvesting bore well is to be installed for Ground water

recharge and conservation.

LED light fittings to reduce grid/DG power consumption leading to reduced fossil

fuel consumption.

Planting of More Trees: 500 more trees of native species are to be planted in

consultation with District Forest Officials at the bottling plant.



AUGMENTATION PLAN

239

Timeframe (year)

Activity

2015-16 Construction of Toilet Facility for Government High School, Gangaikondan village at a cost of Rs 7.5 lacs

2016- 17 Provision of Basic Library Equipments/ Furniture at Gangaikondan Library at a cost of Rs. 1.0 Lacs

2017-18 Construction of toilet block at Govt. Rani Anna College, Tirunelveli at a cost of Rs. 19.87 Lacs

2018-19 Rectification of RO system at Govt. School,

Thuraiyur at a cost of Rs. 30,000/-

2018-19 Construction of Hu-Methane Gas plant at

Narikkuravar colony, Pettai at a cost of Rs 20.0 lacs

Total Rs. 48.67 lakhs

Remediation Plan and Natural & Community Resource Augmentation Plan Budget

S.No Environmental/

Social Issue Existing measures

Existing cost of mitigation measures (Rs Lakh)



AUGMENTATION PLAN

240

11.19 Damage Assessment and Remediation Plan due to Construction Activity

AIR ENVIRONMENT

Activity impacts Damage

Assessment

Mitigation

measures carried

out

Remediation

Planned

Budgetary

Estimate in Rs

1 Air pollution

mitigation

PPEs and Water Sprinklers are deployed during construction

phase 15

Plantation on 14 acres of land of about 1700 Trees

20

Monitoring of Air and Noise pollution (Acoustic Enclosure)

15

2 Water pollution

mitigation

Rain water harvesting tanks of 4x2 sq. m with depth of 2 m are

provided. 14.7

Storm water drains are provided all along the plant area.

45.05

Water Management – cylinder washing unit and in line bath

14

3 Safety

Gas Monitoring of System 13.4

Signage’s for EMP 10

Firefighting Measures 480.83

4 Energy savings

LED Lighting fixtures instead of CFL

-

Solar Panel of 30KW -

5 CSR 48.67

Amount already

spent 676.65



AUGMENTATION PLAN

241

Excavation

Dust

generation

Change in air

quality due

to dust

Water sprinkling at

periodic intervals in

the construction sites

was carried out.

Regular wetting of

loose construction

materials at sites.

Adequate stack height

has been provided for

DG sets.

Regular

monitoring of

ambient air

quality near

sensitive area

and site (once

in 3 months)

Air Quality

monitoring (@Rs.

8000 per season x

4 for 2 years

samples i.e. Rs.

32000 x 2

locations = Rs.

64000).

DG Sets and

other

construction

activities

Gases

emissions

Air Pollution

due to

particulates

and gaseous

emissions

Transportati

on of

materials

Vehicle

exhaust

The internal roads are

well developed by

SIPCOT Construction

vehicles and

machineries were

maintained properly

and “Pollution under

Control” certificate

were kept up-to-date

and checked. Provided

PPEs to the

construction workers.

Creating

awareness and

Distributing

brochures on

vehicular

emissions and

its air

pollution

Rs,50,000

Total cost on remediation measures on Air Environment is Rs. 1,14,000/-

11.20 Damage Assessment and Remediation Plan –

NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Activity impacts Damage

Assessment

Mitigation

measures carried

out

Remediation

Planned

Budgetary

Estimate



AUGMENTATION PLAN

242

Construction

activities

including

operation of

equipment’s

and

machineries

Operation of

D.G.

set

Increase in

Noise level

due to

constructi

on

activities,

machinery

and DG set

operation.

Disturbance

to the fauna

in the nearby

Deer

sanctuary.

Health issues

to

construction

workers.

The mandatory use

of proper personal

protective

equipment

mitigated adverse

impact of the noise

generated by

equipment to the

workers.

Proposal to

add 1000

more trees in

the bottling

plant.

Greenbelt are

important

habitats for

birds.

Rs. 11,0000 @

Rs. 1000/tree

for planting &

maintenance

Rs. 1, 20,000/-

per annum for

gardener.

Acoustic treatment

of enclosure and

rubber anti

vibration padding

are provided to DG

Sets to control noise

level as per CPCB

guidelines.

Operated mostly

during day-time and

for short duration.

Plantation on 14

acres of land of

about 2000 Trees.

Total cost on remediation measures on Noise Environment is Rs. 11,20,000/-

11.21 Damage Assessment and Remediation Plan – Water Environment

The construction water requirement vary per day of about 5-30 kl/day were sourced from

local vendors by the contractor. LPG storage and bottling facilities did not affect the ground

water and surface water quality in any way as the water requirement was very small which

was also obtained from SIPCOT and Sewage generated was treated in septic tank followed

by soak pit. No significant impact could be observed on ground and surface water quality of

the area during construction phase.

Apart from the above IOCL has already taken so many measures to protect the water

environment under CSR



AUGMENTATION PLAN

243

2015-16 Construction of Toilet Facility for Government High School, Gangaikondan

village at a cost of Rs 7.5 lacs

2016-17 Construction of bore well and pipeline facility Chirancherry village at cost of

Rs. 9.5 Lacs

2017-18 Provision of RO plant at Uraiyur village at a cost of Rs 9.5 Lac in

2018-19 Renovation of Toilet Facility for Government High School, Chirancherry

village at a cost of Rs 8.0 lacs.

11.22 Damage Assessment and Remediation Plan – Land Use Pattern & Soil

Environment

Construction wastes such as excavated soil, debris, some pipes/ metal waste and very small

amount of oil & grease were generated. Based on assessments it was found that the soil in

the Study area shows moderate fertility. Plant is located within land leased in SIPCOT

industrial growth centre. Land clearing at the site was kept at the absolute minimum

practicable. Excess quantity of Excavated earth was used to raise the level of filling the

elevated basement of filling sheds, Compressor shed and in TLD bays. As such, no impact was

observed on the land use of the area during construction phase.

11.23 Damage Assessment and Remediation Plan – Socio Economic Environment


Therefore, socio-economic impacts linked to the acquisition of land and no Resettlement and

Rehabilitation. The proposed LPG storage and bottling facilities generated direct and indirect

employment opportunities during the construction phase. About 50 local skilled, semi-

skilled and unskilled labourers got employment in the construction activities. This was a

moderate positive impact of the proposed LPG storage and bottling facilities. The

immigration of work force during construction of proposed LPG storage and bottling

facilities was insignificant as local people was utilized & so social impacts on literacy, health

care, transport and housing facilities and cultural aspects were also insignificant.

Similar plants established in Tamil Nadu and other states do not cause any impact on Air,

Water, Soil and Noise Environment as there is no process involved except storage filing and



AUGMENTATION PLAN

244

dispatch. The fugitive emissions if any during filling cylinders will be collected through hood,

duct and discharge into the atmosphere.

11.23.1 Summary of Remediation Plan

S. No Damage details Budget Allocation

1 Air Environment Rs 1,14,000

2 Noise Environment Rs 11,20,000

3 Ecological Environment Rs 11,00,000 Total Rs 23,34,000

11.24 Natural Resource Augmentation Plan

The remediation plan concentrated on activities that cause impacts to the study area due to

the construction activity.

S.No Activity

Cost breakup during

operation Phase

Total

Budget

in Rs 2019 2020 2021

1

Planting of More trees of native species

are proposed to be planted in consultation

with District Forest Officials at the

bottling plant and nearby areas.

2,18,000 2,00,000 2,00,000 6,18,000

2 LED light fittings are to be introduced to

reduce energy conservation. 19,00,000 15,00,000 34,00,000

3

Additionally two Rain water harvesting

borewell are proposed to be installed to

maximize rain water harvesting potential.

14,00,000 - 7,00,000 21,00,000

4

In order to harvest solar Energy,

Installation of roof top 30 kWp solar PV

panels to reduce dependence on Grid.

18,29,000 - 18,29,000

Total 79,47,000

11.25 Community Resources Augmentation Plan

S.No Activity

Cost breakup during

operation Phase Total

Budget 2018-2019 2019-2020



AUGMENTATION PLAN

245

1 Construction of Hu-Methane Gas plant at

Narikkuravar colony, Pettai - 20, 00,000 20,00,000

2 Rectification Of RO system at Govt.

School, Thuraiyur - 30,000 30,000

3 Provision of Basic Library Equipments/

Furniture at Gangaikondan Library 91,000 - 91,000

4 Construction of toilet block at Govt. Rani

Anna College, Tirunelveli 19,87,000 - 19,87,000

41,08,000

11.26 Summary of Remediation Plan & Natural and Community Resource

Augmentation Plan

Total budgetary provision w.r.t. violation as envisaged in Notification dt. 14-03-2017

Cost proposed on Remediation plan + Natural and Community Resources Augmentation plan

S.No Amount in lakhs

1 Cost proposed on Remediation plan 23,34,000

2 Cost proposed on Natural Resource Augmentation Plan 79,47,000

3 Cost proposed on Community Resource Augmentation Plan 41,08,000

Total 143,89,000




246

11.27 Noundue Economic Benefit Derived During The Period Of Violation.

No undue economic benefit has been derived by IOCL during the period of violation

as the project has not been put into use by IOCL. Though the project has been

mechanically completed in Nov 2014, its commissioning has been kept on hold by

IOCL for want of EC.

On the contrary IOCL has so far incurred a loss of Rs. 53.09 crore on account of denial

of benefits from logistics cost saving that would have accrued to IOCL had the project

been commissioned in Nov 2014. The project was approved by Board of Directors of

IOCL based on logistic costs saving to the tune of Rs. 18.38 crore per annum on

completion of project. Since the project has been idling for last 4 years and 2 months,

IOCL could not derive cumulative benefit of Rs. 77.19 crore saving.

Apart from the above, there has been tangible loss to customers and the Govt. to the

tune of Rs. 140.32 crore and Rs. 40.82 crore respectively and intangible losses as

detailed below

Loss to Customers (General Public)

Present no. of customers in Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari and Tuticorin districts –

10,00,000 approx.

Potential customers in the above districts – 2,65,000 approx.

a) Loss due to backlog in LPG cylinder delivery as LPG cylinders could not be reached

to customers from far away supply points.

b) Potential customers numbering 2.65 lakh have not got LPG connection.

c) Hardship expenses on account of using other costlier fuel/ energy sources such as

electricity, procurement of food from outside by affected customers on account of

unavailability of LPG for the past 50 months - only for affected customers (@ Rs

100 per customer per month) – Rs 125.0 Crore.

d) Environmental issues – Use of firewood by potential customers which affects

environment due to severe pollution and health hazards, could have been avoided

had they received LPG.

e) Loss of employment opportunities - Direct employment to the poor including

drivers, cleaners, contract labourers numbering approx. 200. Loss of income for

the past 50 months –10 crore approx.




247

Loss to Government

a) Idling of assets – Loss of interest for 50 months on investment of 140.32 crore

@10% – Rs. 14.03 crore.

b) Idling of manpower – Salary paid to direct and indirect manpower – Rs. 4.62 crore

approx.

c) Loss of investment opportunities to contractors and consequent revenue to Govt.

11.28 CONCLUSION

There is no environmental damage caused due to act of violation. It is submitted that

IOCL has established the LPG bottling plant only after obtaining consent to establish

and operate from Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board wide consent orders.

IOCL after establishment of LPG storage and bottling unit was not in operation for want

of Environmental Clearance.

We submit herewith a model calculation regarding savings in terms of transportation

cost besides reduction in gaseous emission.

At present a LPG bottling plant at Madurai is supplying LPG cylinders to Tirunelveli,

Madurai and Kanyakumari districts besides Trivandrum. In order to save

transportation cost to the turn of Rs. 18.386 Crores, it is carefully planned to establish

a LPG bottling plant at Tirunelveli. A detail of reduction transportation cost is given in

the following table.

Packed LPG Transportation from Madurai to Tirunelveli

Rate/MT/KM 9.4

Round trip distance in Kms

Between Madurai and Tirunelveli 163

Savings per MT Rs. 1532.2

Savings for 1,20,000 MT per a year Rs. 18,38,64,000/

Environmental issues – Use of firewood by potential customers which affects

environment due to severe pollution and health hazards, could have been avoided had

they received LPG.

A household consumes 2 tonnes of wood per year which is the equivalent of 10 trees =

180 kg of LPG gas*

If IOCL bottling plant have been established, it was possible to save 66 lakh trees per year




248

= 10*120000*1000/180 = 6666666.667 ~ 6666667 trees. (13 lakh Tonnes of wood)

Relaxation period:

The average consumption of LP gas 180 kg / household-year.

A typical 13-kg cylinder of LP Gas would avert deforestation of a 7 m2 forest area.

The time required for the forest to return to its state immediately pre-harvest is 63.5

years.

Carbon Elimination:

A switch from Biomass to LP Gas can eliminate two-thirds of the net carbon emissions.

The net carbon emission for using wood = 21.544 tonnes CO2 per year

The net carbon emission for using LP Gas = 7.185 tonnes CO2 per year

Switching from harvested wood to LP Gas reduces net carbon emissions by 67%.

CO2 Emission Comparison:

By operating the LP gas plant, for the net production of 1, 20,000 MT of gas the CO2

emission will be 8. 6 lakh tonnes of CO2 / year.

If biomass is used as the fuel the tonnes of wood required to replace the LP gas is 13lakh

tonnes per year, burning the wood will emit 287 lakh Tonnes of CO2 / year.

Avoiding Deforestation:

100 household from consuming 200 tonnes of harvested wood a year to 1.8 tonnes of LP

Gas would annually save one hectare of forest. Each household would save about 100

square metres of forest.

Energy Content:

LP Gas cooks more efficiently, transferring 60% of its energy content, compared to

wood’s 10-20%. Per unit of delivered cooking heat, burning wood generates about seven

times the carbon of LP Gas.

Calculation basis: Source - A report on substituting LP Gas for Wood by the world LP

Gas Association.

Ecological and Biodiversity Benefits;

By supplying LPG to the customers in Tuticorin, Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Trivandrum

districts the cutting of tress for fuel will be avoided. If we operate our bottling plant trees

will be saved there by CO2 absorption by trees due to LPG burning will also be achieved

and enhancing greenhouse effect.




249

Had their bottling plant have been established, it was possible to save trees at least

20000 per day (in Tuticorin, Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Trivandrum).

Carbon di oxide emission would have absorbed by trees to an extent of 2000 tons.

Trees would provide habitation to bird’s animals besides improvising climatic

condition. By virtue of the earth planet, food chain will be ensured.


CHAPTER 12 – DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

250

12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

This chapter describes about the environmental consultant engaged in preparation of

EIA report for LPG Bulk Storage & Bottling Facility at SIPCOT Industrial Growth

Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District, Tamil Nadu by IOCL.

12.1 INTRODUCTION

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (formerly ABC Environ Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) is

an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company & leading Environmental

Engineering & Consultancy Company constantly striving towards newer heights since

its inception in 2006. Our Company is dedicated to provide strategic services in the

areas Environment, Infrastructure, Energy, Engineering and Multilab.

It is the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for

Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant, approved

for carrying out EIA studies and obtaining environmental clearance for various

sectors such as Thermal Power Plants, Infrastructure, Industrial Estates / Complexes/

Areas, Mining, Township & area development and Building construction projects etc.

ABC Techno Labs is equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by

NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories),

Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.

Since establishment ABC Techno Labs focus on sustainable development of Industry

and Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and

most important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully completed

more than 100 projects of variety of industries, in the field of pollution control and

environmental management solutions. The company is also dealing in the projects of

waste minimization and cleaner production technology.

The team of technocrats and scientist are well experienced to deal with the design,

Manufacture, Fabrication, Installation, commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater

treatment plants, Sewage Treatment plants and Combined Treatment plants.

The company is having well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are

looking after environmental projects & well equipped analytical laboratory with a

facility including analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the

requirements of the State Pollution Control Board and our clients.



251

12.2 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited

12.2.1 Environmental Services

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

• Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

• Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

• Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise,

Water, Soil, Ecology, Socio-Economic and Demography etc;

• Environmental Monitoring

• Socio Economic Studies

• Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan

• Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies

• Ecological Impact Assessment

• Environmental Management Framework

• Solid Waste Management

• Hazardous Waste Management

• Internship & Training 12.2.2 Turnkey projects

• Water Treatment Plants

• Sewage Treatment Plant

• Recycling & Water Conservation Systems

• Zero Discharge System

12.2.3 Other services

• Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants

• Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals

• Pilot Plant studies

• Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates

12.2.4 Laboratory services

• Chemical Testing

• Environmental Testing

• Microbiological Testing

• Food Testing

• Metallurgical Testing

12.3 SECTORS ACCREDITED BY NABET



252

S.

No. Sectors Name

1. Mining of minerals (Opencast only) Mining (Open cast and Underground)

2. Irrigation projects only

3. Thermal Power Plant

4. Metallurgical industries (sec. ferrous only)

5. Cement Plants

6. Petroleum refining industry

7. Leather/skin/hide processing industry

8. Chemical Fertilizers

9. Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates)

10. Distilleries

11. 24 Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper from wastepaper and manufacture of paper from ready pulp without bleaching

12. Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals (As per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000)

13. Airports

14. Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/ Areas, export processing zones(EPZs), Special economic zones (SEZs), Biotech parks, Leather complexes

15. Ports, harbours, jetties, marine terminals, break waters and dredging

16. Highways, Railways, transport terminals, mass rapid transport systems

17. Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs)

18. Common municipal solid waste management facility (CMSWMF)

19. 38 Building and large construction projects including shopping malls, multiplexes, commercial complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions

20. Townships and Area development Projects

12.4 STUDY TEAM

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited has carried out this Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in

Environmental Impact Assessment, Air & Water pollution & Control measures, Noise

Control measures, Ecology & bio-diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental

Chemistry and Socio-Economic planner. The team members involved in EIA study

area



253

S. No.

Name Role

1. Mr. V.K.Gautam

EIA coordinator Isolated Storage &

Handling of Hazardous Chemicals & FAE

– Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling &

Prediction

2. Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan Functional Area Expert – Land use, Water Pollution, Prevention & Control and Hydrogeology

4. Dr.Muthiah Mariappan

FAE – Solid & Hazardous Waste Management, Air Pollution, Prevention & Control and Water Pollution, Prevention & Control

5. Dr. N. Sukumaran FAE – Ecology & Biodiversity

6. Dr. Thillai Govindarajan FAE – Geology

7. Mr. M. Senthil Kumar FAE – Risk Assessment & Hazard Management

8. Mr. R. Rajendran FAE – Air Pollution, Prevention and Control, Noise & Vibration and Municipal Solid Waste Management

9. Mrs. Geetha Shreeneevasakam FAE – Socio-Economic Expert

10. Mrs. K. Vijayalakshmi AGM – Environment, FAE – Air Quality, Noise & Vibration and Risk Assessment & Hazard management

11. Mr. Bharath P. Project Engineer, FAA- Air Pollution, Prevention & Control and Water Pollution, Prevention & Control

12. Mr. Pratheesh B Junior Project Engineer – Report Analysis and Documentation

13. Ms. Cibichakaravarthy P Junior Project Engineer – Report Analysis and Documentation

14. Mr. Robson Chinnadurai Technical Manager (Lab)

15. Mrs. Kalaiarasi S Senior Chemist

17. Mr. Venkateshwaralu Field Technician



254

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