BIOL 333 Introduction to Medical MicrobiologyInstructor:Anthony SiameOffice:NEU 105Lectures: MTWR (8:30-11;30 am) NWB 114Labs:MTWR (12:30 & 3:15 pm), NEU 114Office Hrs:MW (11:30 am - 12:30 pm)Email:Anthony.siame@twu.caActivate your .@twu.ca email address

Course SyllabusSyllabus/Notes posted on MyCourses PowerPoints slides & PDF notesGo to MyBiol333Follow the linksRequired BooksText: Microbiology: An Introduction, 12th Ed. 2015. Tortora, G. J., Funke, B. R., and Chase, C. R. PEARSON EDUCATION, INC.

Study Guide: Microbiology: An Introduction, 11th Ed. 2013. Funke, B. R. THE BENJAMIN/CUMMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY. (Study Guide optional but highly recommended)Manual: Introduction to Laboratory Microbiology: Theory, Techniques, & Experiments. 2014. TRINITY WESTERN UNIVERSITY

COMPONENTS OF FINAL GRADE

Laboratory attendance*, punctuality*, & lab quizzes and assignments* (Fail course if you miss 2 labs)15% Final laboratory examination (May 14th) (Need to pass the lab)25%In-class assignments10%Mid-term examination (May 6th)(Note the Change)20%Final examination (May 15th)30%Total 100%

Grading

A+90 -100%B+77 - 79%C+67 - 69% D+57 - 59%A85 - 89%B73 - 76%C63 - 66%D53 - 56%A-80 - 84%B-70 - 72% C-60 - 62%D-50 - 52%FBelow 50%

Housekeeping Items and ExpectationYou will get your lab manual during the first lab (on Monday)A student needs 50% in the lab component in order to pass the courseIn accordance with FNAS lab policy, a student who misses one lab period, without an acceptable reason, loses credit for that labA student who misses two lab periods without acceptable reasons fails the lab component and the course

Proper Biology Department Lab Attire

Lab coats are required to be worn at all times in the lab (not in the hall, outside, or under a jacket), since you are working on BSL1 organisms in the lab. There may be some lab coats in NEU114 (first come-first serve basis), but it would be best for you to have your own lab coat.

Legs should be completely covered with pants or a long skirt (no skin should be showing below your lab coat). Appropriate footwear would involve the entire foot being covered by your shoes (flip flops, crocs and ballet flats are not acceptable). Failure to wear proper attire will result in you not being allowed to enter the lab until the issue is corrected to the satisfaction of your instructor

Introduction to Medical MicrobiologyChapter 1

Describe examples of infectious diseasesUnderstand that infectious diseases are caused by distinct groups of microbesHistory of MicrobiologyDescribe the major subject areas of this courseObjectives

Results from invasion of part of the body by a microorganismMicrobes that cause infections and are described as:infectious (infections)infectious agents pathogenspathogenic microorganisms Infection

Types of Microorganism

Types of Infectious AgentsSeveral types: prions (proteins that cause infections, e.g. mad cows)Viruses (influenza, HIV/AIDS, H1N1)Bacteria (strep throat, travellers diahherea) Fungi (yeast infection, ringworms)Algae (toxins/paralyzing shellfish poisoning)protozoa (malaria, African sleeping sickness)helminths (worms) (tapeworms, roundworms)arthropods (ticks, fleas, insects) (vectors-transmit some of these m/os, lyme disease, plague, scabies)

Primarily a study of :viruses, bacteria, fungi, & protozoaBut includes helminths (worms) and arthropods (ticks, mites, insects)Not microbes but important as vectors and can transmit pathogensMedical Microbiology

Subdivisions in Medical MicrobiologyDivision depending on microorganism: Bacteriology (study of bacteria) Virology (study of viruses) Mycology (study of fungi) Parasitology (study of parasites: protozoans, worms, insects)

Brief History Note the contributions of the following:

Observing MicroorganismsIn 1665, Robert Hooke observed the boxlike opening in slices of plants (cells)Cell theory all living things are composed of cellsIn 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed m/os (bacteria and protozoa) with magnifying lensesHookes drawing and microscope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke

The Debate Over Spontaneous Generation Pasteurs Experiment Disproving the Theory of Spontaneous Generation(1) Pasteur first poured beef broth into a flask. (2) Next he heated the neck of the flask and bent it. (3) M/os did not appear in the cooled solution even after long periods. What are aseptic techniques, and how did Pasteur contribute to their development?Methods to block the access of airborne microorganisms to nutrient environments. Pasteur demonstrated that heat can destroy microbial life.

Golden Age of Microbiology

Fermentation and pasteurization Pasteur showed that yeasts were responsible for fermentation in making wine or beerSpoilage could occurred when m/os convert alcohol to acetic acid (vinegar). One way to prevent spoilage is to heat the wine or beer just enough to kill certain m/os (pasteurization)The germ theory of disease m/os can cause diseasesVaccination Edward Jenner showed that mild disease cowpox gave immunity to smallpox in 1798

Modern Developments in Microbiology (2013 -)

Modern Chemotherapy Dreams of a Magic BulletThe treatment of disease by chemical substances Two types: synthetic drugs & antibioticsPaul Ehrlich introduced an arsenic-containing chemicals called salvarsan to treat syphilisDiscovery of antibiotic by Alexander Fleming in 1940

Around the fungus, there was no bacteria

Major Subject Areas to be ConsideredClinical microbiology: Biology of medically important microorganismsChemotherapy and Microbial Physiology: Control of microorganismsMicrobial Pathogenesis & Host defense: Virulence factors & host-pathogen interactionMicrobial Ecology: Microbiota & biofilmBiotechnology: Practical applications of microbiology (biotechnology) Immunity, Immunology & Vaccinology: Host Immunization, allergies, immunodeficiencies, and autoimmune diseases Epidemiology & public health microbiology: Movement of diseases in populations, emerging infectious diseases, Case studies of common infectious diseases

Three Approaches to the Study of Infectious DiseasesOrganismal approach: Focus on type of organismBacterial diseases Viral diseases Mycoses Parasites- diseases caused by protozoa and helminths

ApproachesBody systems approach: Focus on body parts infectedSkin infections Cardiovascular system infectionsRespiratory tract infections (pneumonia)Digestive system infections (cholera, diarhhea) Urinary and reproductive tract infections (urithritis, urititis)

ApproachesEcological approach: Focus on how persons become infected or route of infectionFoodborne and waterborne diseases (food poisoning, hamburger disease?)Skin and wound infections Sexually-transmitted diseases (HIV/Aids, Ghonnorea, syphillis, warts,) Nosocomial infections (acquire from hospitalization)Arthropod-borne diseases

Clinical or Diagnostic MicrobiologyClinical (associating signs/symptoms with pathogen/disease)Association between pathogen and disease Diagnostic (BIOL333 lab focus) Identification of medically important microorganisms in the laboratory Culturing, biochemical tests, microscopy, staining, etc.

True or False?Most of the microbes have been identified FMost microbes are potentially harmful to humans or animals FWhen we are healthy, our bodies do not contain any microbes FViruses are living microbes T/FIf all microbes were eliminated, humans could not survive on earth T

The Trick of an Enteric bacteria, Edwardsiella tardaHow Bacteria Cause Diseases in Animals & Humans

Q&AAdvertisements tell you that bacteria and viruses are all over your home and that you need to buy antibacterial cleaning products. Should you? Explain.

Strep throat for *a)BacteriaB andc) fungid) volvox- algaee)viruses*Emphasis is on the m/os causing the infections*Not just looking at the m/os, but also the infected body. **Many more yet to be chracterized. Approx. 5000 identified, million to go?Many dont cause trouble, they just break down plant and animal materialOur body harbors 100s of thousands on the surface and billions on the inside. Part of being healthy is having a number of healthy microbes.Depends, living in host, not living outsideFermentation, breakdown of plant and animal materials, degradation of material, some produce important vitamins, some help with the immune system, outcompeting the pathogens*