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Introduction to1 & 2 Chronicles
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1 & 2 Chronicles
Originally one book in the Hebrew O.T.
Split into two books in the Greek Septuagint
Organized as the last book of the Hebrew Bible
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Author of 1 & 2 Chronicles
Talmudic tradition says it was written by the priest, Ezra
Perhaps it was written by one of Ezra’s contemporaries
It is quite similar in style to the book of Ezra
Chronicles and Ezra may have been one consecutive history, like Luke and Acts
The author(s) compiled the information from many sources
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Sources Used for Chronicles
1. The Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah
2. A Commentary on the Book of the Kings
3. Chronicles of Samuel the seer
4. Chronicles of Nathan the Prophet
5. Chronicles of Gad the Seer
6. The Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite
7. The Visions of Iddo the Seer
8. Records of Shemaiah the Prophet
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Sources Used for Chronicles9. Records of Iddo
10. The annals of Jehu the Son of Hanani
11. The Acts of Uzziah by Isaiah the Prophet
12. The Vision of Isaiah the Prophet
13. The Records of the Hozai
14. The Account of the Chronicles of King David
15. The Writing of David and His Son Solomon
16. Genealogical lists and documents, such as the message and letters of Sennacherib
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3 Historic Accounts Compared
Men God used Samuel Kings Chronicles
Eli Samuel
Saul David
Solomon 19 kings of Judah 19 kings of Israel
Elijah Elisha
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Comparison of 2 Histories
Samuel and Kings Chronicles
Israel’s history from the united kingdom to the two captivities
Southern kingdom’s history, especially the Davidic line
Political history Religious history
Prophetic emphasis on moral concerns
Priestly emphasis on spiritual concerns
Written soon after the events
Written many years after the events
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Comparison of 2 Histories
Samuel and Kings Chronicles
More negative – about rebellion and tragedy
More positive – tells of apostacy, but offers hope in spite of tragedy
Message of judgment Message of hope
Man’s failings God’s faithfulness
Emphasizes kings and prophets
Emphasizes the temple and the priests
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Emphasis of Chronicles
The temple / tabernacle
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Emphasis of Chronicles
The temple / tabernacle
Two purposes:
Sacrifices
Communication with God
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Emphasis of Chronicles
The temple / tabernacle
Symbolism:
God’s presence among His special, chosen people
Spiritual link between Israel’s past and future
Shadow of heaven
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Emphasis of Chronicles
The temple / tabernacle
Chronicles omits northern kingdom’s kings because they had no ties with the temple
Special mention is made of Jewish kings who restored the temple:
Asa
Jehoshaphat
Joash
Hezekiah
Josiah
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First Temple
A story of the first Jewish temple
Idea – by David (1014 B.C.)
Preparation – by David (985 B.C.)
Construction – by Solomon (982-975 B.C.)
Dedication – by Solomon (972 B.C.)
Defiling – by bad kings
Cleansing – by good kings
Destruction – by Nebuchadnezzar (586 B.C.)
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Second Temple
Briefly mentioned at end of Chronicles
Idea – 1st prophesied by Isaiah (~712 B.C.)
Idea – proclaimed by Cyrus (539 B.C.)
Preparation – elders & priests (539 B.C.)
Foundation – by Zerubbabel (535 B.C.)
Completion – by Zerubbabel (517 B.C.)
Dedication – by priests (516 B.C.)
Destruction – by Titus (70 A.D.)
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Temple: Jesus
“In this place there is one greater than the temple.”
Matthew 12:6
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Temple: Jesus
“Destroy this temple,and in three days I will raise it up.”
John 2:19
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Temple: Jesus
“Christ came as High Priest of the good things to come,
with the greater and more perfect tabernacle not made with hands,
that is, not of this creation.Hebrews 9:11 NKJV
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Temple: Father & Son
“But I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God Almighty
and the Lamb are its temple.”
Revelation 21:22
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Temple: Saints
“You are God’s temple,and God’s spirit lives in you?”
1 Corinthians 3:16
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Emphasis of Chronicles Priests / the priesthood
They had to be men from the tribe of Levi
Offered gifts and sacrifices for sins
Compassionate with sinners
Interceded for sinners
Appointed by God
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Emphasis of Chronicles God’s faithfulness in preserving the
theocratic line of David
“And it shall be, when your days are fulfilled … that I will set up your seed after you, who will be of your sons; and I will establish his kingdom. And I will establish him in My house and in My kingdom forever; and his throne shall be established forever.”
(1 Chr. 17:11,14 NKJV ~ 1015 B.C.)
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Emphasis of Chronicles God’s faithfulness in preserving the
theocratic line of Christ
1 Chronicles 1-9 Matthew 1 Luke 3
Adam to Zerubabbel (56 generations)
Abraham to Christ (42 generations)
Jesus to Adam (75 generations)
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Emphasis of Chronicles God’s faithfulness in preserving the
theocratic line of Christ
And in the days of these kingsthe God of heaven will set up
a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break
in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever.
(Daniel 2:44 NKJV ~ 604 B.C)
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The genealogies and events of 1 & 2 Chronicles span approximately 3500 years:
From Adam (around 4000 B.C.)
to David (around 1000 B.C.)
to Zerubbabel (around 500 B.C.)
Ezra probably completed Chronicles between 450 and 430 B.C., and read it to the remnant who had returned to the Promised Land.
Dates of 1 & 2 Chronicles
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Theme & Purpose Reminder of spiritual heritage of returning remnant and God’s faithfulness to them
Encouragement to rebuild the spiritual heritage and the temple with God’s strength
Hope that all was not lost; God still had a future for His chosen people
Warnings by illustration:
Don’t go back to intermarriage with pagans
Don’t follow the pagans in their idolatry
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Contribution to the Bible
Provides the most comprehensive genealogical tables in the Bible
Shows the work of God in preserving a people for Himself from the beginning of human history to the period after the Babylonian exile – more than other books
Demonstrates God’s keeping His covenant promises in maintaining the Davidic line through the centuries
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Outline of Chronicles
1. The royal line of David (1 Chr. 1-9)
Genealogy; around 3500 years
2. The reign of David (1 Chr. 10-29)
History; 33 years
3. The reign of Solomon (2 Chr. 1-9)
40 years
4. Reigns of the kings of Judah (2 Chr. 10-36)
393 years
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Israelite Dynasties Dynasty = a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family
The divided kingdom Israel Judah
No. of dynasties 9 1
No. of kings before captivity 19 19
No. of years before captivity 224 359
Nation conquered by Assyria Babylon
Note: Judah also had one female ruler, Queen Athaliah
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Kings of the Southern Kingdom
Rehoboam bad mostly 933-916 BC
Abijah bad mostly 915-913 BC
Asa GOOD 912-872 BC
Jehoshaphat GOOD 874-850 BC
Jehoram bad 850-843 BCAhaziah bad 843 BC
Athaliah devilish 843-837 BC
Joash good mostly 843-803 BC
Amaziah good mostly 803-775 BC
Uzziah GOOD mostly 787-735 BC
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Kings of the Southern Kingdom
Jotham GOOD 749-734 BC
Ahaz wicked 741-726 BC
Hezekiah GOOD 726-697 BC
Manasseh terrible 697-642 BC
Amon terrible 641-640 BC
Josiah GOOD 639-608 BCJehoahaz bad 608 BC
Jehoiakim wicked 608-597 BC
Jehoiachin bad 597 BC
Zedekiah bad 597-586 BC
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Judah’s Downfall Moreover all the leaders of the priests
and the people transgressed more and more,according to all the abominations of the
nations, and defiled the house of the LORD which He had consecrated in Jerusalem.And the LORD God of their fathers sent warnings to them by His messengers,
rising up early and sending them,because He had compassion on His people
and on His dwelling place.
– 2 Chronicles 36:14,15 NKJV
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Judah’s DownfallBut they mocked the messengers of God,
despised His words, and scoffed at His prophets, until the wrath of the LORD arose
against His people, till there was no remedy. Therefore He brought against them the king of the
Chaldeans, who killed their young menwith the sword in the house of their sanctuary,
and had no compassion on young man or virgin, on the aged or the weak;
He gave them all into his hand.
– 2 Chr. 36:16,17 NKJV
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Application
When facing struggles today, remember how He worked in the past to help you and / or others
Be like David and develop a deep and strong relationship with God
Remember your spiritual heritage – thank God for the one who led you to Jesus
True worship is offering your body as a living sacrifice (Romans 12:1)
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Application
If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land. (2 Chr. 7:14 NKJV)
Idolatry always brings God’s judgment, and today idols are anything that replaces Jesus in the #1 spot in our hearts.
Bibliography
Special thanks goes to the following:
Bruce Wilkinson & Kenneth Boa for their information in Talk Thru the Bible
Walt Henrichsen for his wisdom and insight shared during Bible studies he has led and in books, articles and e-mails he has written
Edward Reese for his chronology and dating in The Reese Chronological Bible