Date post: | 05-Aug-2015 |
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Health & Medicine |
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KNOWLEDGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF HUMANITYKNOWLEDGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF HUMANITY
PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY (HFS3063) Epidemiological Study Designs:
INTRODUCTION
Dr. Dr. MohdMohd RazifRazif ShahrilShahril
School of Nutrition & Dietetics School of Nutrition & Dietetics
Faculty of Health SciencesFaculty of Health Sciences
UniversitiUniversiti Sultan Sultan ZainalZainal AbidinAbidin
1
Topic Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to;
• Identify basic study designs used in epidemiology studies.
2
Time frame of studies • Prospective Study - looks forward, looks to the future,
examines future events, follows a condition, concern or
disease into the future
5
time
Study begins here
With a prospective study one starts with cohorts of well individuals, and
we wait until events occurs.
(cont.) Time frame of studies • Retrospective Study - “to look back”, looks back in
time to study events that have already occurred
6
time
Study begins here
Looking backward is often difficult because of recall bias, however, the case control studies are very inexpensive in
comparison with prospective studies
Study design sequence
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Case reports Case series Descriptive
epidemiology
Analytic epidemiology
Clinical trials
Animal Animal study
Lab study
Cohort Case- Case- control
Cross-
Cross- sectional
Hypothesis formation Hypothesis formation
Hypothesis testing Hypothesis testing
Increasing knowledge of exposure
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Descriptive Studies
Case-control Studies
Cohort Studies
Develop hypothesis
Investigate it’s relationship to outcomes
Define it’s meaning with exposures
Clinical trials Test link experimentally