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INTRODUCTION TOFIRST

AID/EMERGENCYCARE

Prepared by:Titin Norlela Binti

Suparman

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Introduction to Firt Aid

•  The frst people on the scene, theFirst Aiders, can initiate various lie-saving procedures: – Airway & respiratory intervention

 – Cardiopulonary resuscitation

 – !leeding control

 – "pecial wound care – "tabili#ation o spinal in$uries

 – "plinting o ractures

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De!nition o" Firt Aid

• Firt Aid is the iediate care given to aperson who is in$ured or who suddenlybecoes ill%

• Firt Aid include recogni#e lie-threateningconditions & taing e'ective action to eepthe in$ured or ill person alive & in the best

possible condition until edical treatentcan be obtained%

Cont..

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De!nition o" Firt Aid

• Firt Aid doe not replace thephysician, nurse, or paraedic%

• #rimar$ principle o frst aid is toactivate the (ergency )edical

"ervices %EMS& syste in all caseso serious in$ury%

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T'e principal aim o" !rt aidare to(

• *ecogni#e lie-threatening situations

• Activate the ()" syste

• "upply artifcial ventilation & circulation

when needed• Control bleeding

• Care or other lie-threatening conditions

• )inii#e urther in$ury & coplications

• Prevent inection

• )ae the victi as coortable aspossible

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Firt Aid General#rocedure

• +bserve the accident scene

• eep yoursel & others at the scenesae

• ain access to the victi.s/ &deterine any iediate threats tolie

• Provide basic lie support to thoselives are threatened

• "hould activate the ()" syste orany serious or potentially serious

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Arran)in) "or MedicalAitance

• Acti*atin) t'e EMS S$tem – The e0act location o the victi

• Coplete address

 – The phone nuber where can bereached

 – Any inoration about the victi that

will help the to send an appropriatepersonnel & e1uipent

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Firt Aider S+ill

• Control an accident scene to prevent urtherin$ury

• ain access to victis in the easiest & saestways possible

• +pen a victi2s airway• Peror rescue breathing

• Provide one- & two-rescuer cardiopulonaryresuscitation

•

Control bleeding by direct pressure, elevation,pressure points, & tourni1uets

• 3etect & care or shoc

Cont..

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Firt Aider S+ill

• 3etect & care or sot-tissue & internal in$uries• Peror basic dressing & bandaging

techni1ues• 3etect & care or open & close ractures• 3etect & care poisoning, including poisoning

by drugs• 3etect & care or heart attac, stroe, diabetic

coa, insulin shoc, & sei#ures•

3etect & care or acial & head in$uries &chest in$uries .ractures ribs, 4ail chest, &penetrating chest wounds/

Cont..

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Firt Aider S+ill

• 3etect & care or superfcial, partial-thicness & ull-thicness burns, &soe inhalation

• 3etect & care or heat- & cold-relatedin$uries

• Peror eergency & non-eergency oves

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In"ectiou DieaeTranmiion

• In"ectiou dieae, A disease thatcan be transitted ro one personto another or ro an insect or

anial to a person• All body 4uids should be considered

inectious, including –

Sali*a, -lood, *a)inal ecretion,emen, amniotic .uid .the 4uid thatsurrounds a etus in the uterus/, and4uids that lubricate the -rain, pine,lun), 'eart, a-dominal or)an,  0oint tendon

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Dieae o" concern in t'eemer)enc$ ettin)

• Blood-orne #at'o)en – 1epatiti B 2 viral inection o the liver – 1epatiti C 2 can lead to peranent liver daage or

cancer o the liver – 1I3 2 suppresses the iune syste & intereres with

the body2s ability to deend itsel against other diseases%• Ot'er in"ectiou dieae

 – 1erpe 2 inection o the sin through contact withactive lesions

 – Tu-erculoi 2 severe lung inection through air or

direct contact with nasal or oral secretions .coughing,spitting, or siply speaing/ – Menin)iti 2 an inection o the ebranes lining the

brain & spinal cord through inected water, ood, air, ordirect contact%

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1o4 in"ectiou dieae canpread

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#rotectin) $ourel" "rom ri+ o"in"ection

• )ae sure your iuni#ations are up todate% – ))* .easles [skin rash], ups [enlargement

of the two salivary glands in the cheeks] , rubella[Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is animportant cause of severe irth defects] /

 – 3PT .diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus/

 – 5aricella .chicen po0/

 – 6epatitis !

 – 7n4uen#a iuni#ations

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#rotectin) $ourel" "rom ri+ o"in"ection

• 8ear disposable protective gloveswhenever have direct contact with avicti –  Do not use gloves that are:

• 3iscolored

• !rittle

•

Punctured• Torn

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#rotectin) $ourel" "rom ri+ o"in"ection

• 7 there is ris o signifcant body 4uidcontact, wear additional disposableprotective gear, such as a ace as,

protective eyewear, & a gown

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#rotectin) $ourel" "rom ri+ o"in"ection

• 8ash your hands thoroughly withsoap & hot water or an antibacterialagent iediately ater providing

care, even i you were wearinggloves9 be sure to scrub under yourfngernails%

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#rotectin) $ourel" "orm ri+ o"in"ection

• Avoid touching your outh, nose, oreyes or any personal ites .such asa cob, car eys, or ood/ until you

have washed your hands%

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#rotectin) $ourel" "rom ri+ o"in"ection

• se a pocet as i possible whengiving outh-to-outh resuscitation%

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 T6A;