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Universiti Utara Malaysia
Faculty of Human and Social Development
SMH 5263 OSH Management Systems (MOSHM)
OSH Management Systems (FASM 5073)Course Title:
Anis Fahmy bin Pauzi
Lecturer:
OSH Management System ComponentsTopic:
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1. Introduction To OSH Management System
2. Management Commitment
3. Worker Participation
OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Topic Contents
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1. INTRODUCTION TO OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Since the 90s, safety and health practitioners has initiated to
promulgate and implement the OSH management system based on
system approach.
The idea of using the system approach in managing OSH was not
something new. Its initial proposal made by Heinrich, a safety andhealth expert in 1930. Heinrichs Theory of Loss Causation
explained that the caused of accident was not due only to the
immediate causes such as unsafe act and unsafe condition, but also
by the underlying causes often because of loss in the management
control.
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Heinrich The Domino Theory
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SOC
IALENVIRONME
NT
AND
ANCESTRY
FAULTOF
PERSON
UNSAFEACT
M
ECHANICALOR
P
HYSICALHAZARD
ACCIDENT
INJURY
SOC
IALENVIRONME
NT
AND
ANCESTRY
FAULTOF
PERSON
UNSAFEACT
M
ECHANICALOR
P
HYSICALHAZARD
ACCIDENT
INJURY
Heinrich five factors in the accident sequence
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SOCIALENVIR
ONMENT
AND
ANCE
STRY
FAULTO
F
PERSO
NU
NSAFEACT
ME
CHANICALOR
PHY
SICALHAZARD
ACCIDE
NT
INJUR
Y
SOCIALENVIR
ONMENT
AND
ANCE
STRY
FAULTO
F
PERSO
NU
NSAFEACT
ME
CHANICALOR
PHY
SICALHAZARD
U
NSAFEACT
ME
CHANICALOR
PHY
SICALHAZARD
ACCIDE
NT
INJUR
Y
Unsafe act and mechanical hazard constitute the central factor in theaccident sequence
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SOCIAL
ENV
IRONMEN
T
AND
ANCESTRY
FAULT
OF
PERSO
N
UNS
AFEACT
MECHANICALOR
PHYSIC
ALHAZARD
ACCIDEN
T
INJURY
SOCIAL
ENV
IRONMEN
T
AND
ANCESTRY
SOCIAL
ENV
IRONMEN
T
AND
ANCESTRY
FAULT
OF
PERSO
NFAULT
OF
PERSO
N
UNS
AFEACT
MECHANICALOR
PHYSIC
ALHAZARD
UNS
AFEACT
MECHANICALOR
PHYSIC
ALHAZARD
ACCIDEN
T
INJURY
Removal of the centralfactor makes the action
of preceding factors
ineffective
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Behind every accident there lies many contributing factors, causesand sub-causes.
Cause A
Cause B
Cause C
Cause D
Cause E
Cause F
ROOT CAUSE
(Lack of Control)
BASIC
CAUSE
INCIDENT/
LOSS
IMMEDIATE
CAUSE
Multi-Causation
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This update introduced two new concepts; The influence of management and managerial error.
Loss, as the result of an accident could be production losses,
property damage as well as injuries.
Updated Domino Theory
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSH-MS
Liberalisation of trade and economies
Increase in occupational accident & diseases
Traditional command-control mechanisms inadequate
Systems approach pioneered by Edward Demings Development of standards by ISO
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WHY OSH-MS?
Systematic way to manage OSH activities in the organisation
OSH as integral part of the organisationsvalue system
Reduction of hazards and risks, accidents, diseases
Low absenteeism, high productivity, job satisfaction
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WHAT IS AN OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (OSH-MS)?
An OSH-MS is a planned, documented and verifiable method of
managing hazards and associated risks. An OSH-MS can be simple
or complex, it can be highly documented or sparingly described and
it can be home grown or based on an available model.
(General definition)
WHAT IS AN ISO?
Layman definition;You write what ever you do and you do what ever your write
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ProcessInput Output
Feedback Loop
The relationship of the system (IOHA 2002*)
*IOHA Implementation Guidance Manual for ILO Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management
Systems ILO-OSH 2001. International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the
Environment Geneva, Switzerland. 2002. IOHA : International Occupational Hygiene Association.
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WHAT IS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?
(ISO Standard definition)
ISO 14001:1996
The part of the overall management system that includes organisational
structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures,
processes, and resources for developing, implementing, achieving,
reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy
OHSAS 18001:1999
Part of the overall management system that facilitates the management of
the OH&S risks associated with the business of the organisation. This
includes organisational structure, planning activities, responsibilities,
practices, procedures, processes, and resources for developing,
implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the organisations
OH&S policy.
ILO-OSH:2001 and MS 1722:2003
A set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish OSH policy and
objectives, and to achieve those objectives.
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EVOLUTION OF OSH-MS
After the successful of ISO 9000 series and ISO 14000 series,
1996, Discussed at an ISO International Workshop on OSH-MS
Standardizationstandard should under ILO,
1999, OHSAS 18001:1999 has been developed by an
association of national standards and certification bodies, fromBS 8800:1996,
2001, Guideline on OSH MS (ILO-OSH 2001) has being
published by the ILO,
2003, ILO-OSHMS was adopted by Malaysia as its ownstandards named as MS 1722:2003 OSH MS-Guidelines.
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MALAYSIASLEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ON OSH-MS
Under OSHA Act 1994, Part IV, Section 15; duty and responsibility
of every employer and self-employed
maintain the plant and system of work that are so far aspracticable, safe and without risk to health
so far as practicable to ensure safety and absence of risks tohealth operation, handling etc
so far as practicable, the provision such as information, training
and supervision to ensure so far as practicable, safety & health so far as practicable, to maintain safe working environment
so far as practicable, as regards any place of work should besafe and without risks to health
Regulat ion 19, OSHA, 1994 - Fine no t exceedin g fi f ty thou sand rin gg it
(RM 50,000) or to im pr isonment fo r the term no t exceeding two years or both
To ensure so far as practicable, the safety, health and welfare atwork of all employees
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MALAYSIASLEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ON OSH-MS
Duties of EmployeesSection 24, OSHA 1994 General duties of Employees
Maintain a safe and healthy working environment
Keep work area clean and safe at all times
Stay informed of safety and health issues
Observe and comply with all established safety and healthrequirements
Understand and follow safety and health guidelines included in
work instructions
Keep aisles, exits and emergency equipment clear of
obstructions
Regulat ion 24(1), OSHA, 1994 - Fine not exceeding on e thousand ring git
(RM1,000) or to im pr isonment for the term no t exceeding tw o years or bo th
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MAIN ELEMENTS OF MALAYSIAN OSH-MS (MS 1722)
Adapted from ILO-OSH 2001,
Based on the OSH Act 1994,
Has five main elements of Deming Wheel (PDCA),
These elements are namely;
i. Policy,
ii. Organizing,
iii. Planning and implementation,
iv. Evaluation, and
v. Action for improvement
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Deming Wheel
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Policy
Organizing
Planning &Implementation
Evaluation
Continual
Improvement
Action
For
Improvement
5 main elements of OSH MS
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External Factors Internal Factors
Initial & Periodic
Status Review
Initial & Periodic
Status Review
OSH PolicyOSH Policy
AuditAudit OrganizationOrganization
Plan & ImplementPlan & Implement
Measure OSH
Performance
Measure OSH
Performance
Information Link Control Link
(ELEMENTS OF A OSH SYSTEM)
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Elements Section Sub-elements
3.1.1 Occupational safety and health policy
3.1.2 Employee participation
3.2.1 Responsibility and accountability
3.2.2 Competence and training
3.2.3 Occupational safety and health management system documentation
3.2.4 Communication
1. Policy
2. Organising
Detail Breakdown of MS 1722 Elements
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3.3.1 Initial review
3.3.2 System planning, development and implementation
3.3.3 Occupational safety and health objectives
3.3.4 Hazard prevention
3.4.1 Performance monitoring and measurement
3.4.2 Investigation of work-related injuries, disabilities, ill health, diseases
and near misses, and their impact on safety and health performance3.4.3 Audit
3.4.4 Management review
3. Planning
and
implementation
4. Evaluation
Elements Section Sub-elements
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3.5.1 Preventive and corrective action
3.5.2 Continual improvement
5. Action for
improvement
Elements Section Sub-elements
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2. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
1. ensure that OSH is a line-management responsibility, which is
known and accepted at all levels;
2. define and communicate to the members of the organisationthe
responsibility, accountability and authority of persons who
identify, evaluate or control OSH hazards and risks;3. provide effective supervision, as necessary, to ensure the
protection of employees' safety and health;
4. promote cooperation and communication among members of the
organisation, including workers and their representatives, to
implement the elements of the organisation's OSH management
system;
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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
6. fulfil the principles of OSH management systems contained in
relevant national guidelines or voluntary programmes, as
appropriate, to which the organisationsubscribes;
7. establish and implement a clear OSH policy and measurable
objectives;8. establish effective arrangements to identify and eliminate or
control work-related hazards and risks, and promote health at
work;
9. establish prevention and health promotion programmes;
10. ensure effective arrangements for the full participation of
employees and their representatives in the fulfilment of the OSH
policy;
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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
11. provide appropriate resources to ensure that persons
responsible for OSH, including the safety and health committee,
can perform their functions properly; and
12. ensure effective arrangements for the full participation of
workers and their representatives in safety and healthcommittees, where they exist.
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3. WORKER PARTICIPATION
There are many ways that workers can and should participate inOSH-MS activities. IOHA suggests that representatives should be
actively involved in:
i. Emergency Preparedness,
ii. Task Analysis,
iii. Safety Assessments,
iv. Evaluation and revision of standard operating
procedures (SOPs) and work instructions Training
programs, and
v. Evaluations or audits.
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3. WORKER PARTICIPATION
Active member in;
i. Safety & Health Committee
ii. Emergency Response/Volunteer Fire Fighting Team
iii. First Aid Team
iv. Housekeeping Inspection Team
v. HIRARC/JSA Team
vi. Internal Audit Team
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3. WORKER PARTICIPATION
Campaign and Program;
i. Safety and Health Week or Month
ii. Fire Drill / Chemical Spillage Drill / etc.
iii. Awareness Campaign / Exhibition / Display
iv. No Smoking Day
v. Zero Accident Competition (Monthly, Quarterly or Yearly)
vi. Inter Department Housekeeping Competition
vii. Gotong-royong
viii. Employee of the month (to include Safety criteria)
ix. Contests and competitions
x. Newsletter/Bulletin
xi. Safety message through gifts, souvenirs, etc.
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3. WORKER PARTICIPATION
Active as an individual in taking part of;
i. Safety and Health Contests/Competitions
Slogan, Logo & Poster Drawing Competition
Spot the Unsafe Acts & Unsafe Conditions in Picture
ii. Safety and Health Quiz
iii. Safety Suggestion Competition
iv. Reporting of Hazards, Unsafe Conditions, etc.
v. Personal Health Monitoring / Medical Check Up
vi. Blood Donation Campaign
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