Date post: | 22-Dec-2015 |
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What Is TCP/IP?
A suite of protocols Rules that dictate how packets
of information are sent across multiple networks
Addressing Error checking
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IP
Internet Protocol (IP) Determines where packets are routed based on their destination addresses
Breaks packets into smaller packets and reassembles them
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TCP/IP Applications
Application layer File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Remote Login (Telnet) E-mail (SMTP)
Transport layer Transport Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Network layer Internet Protocol (IP)
Data link & physical layer LAN Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc. WAN Serial lines, Frame Relay, X.25, etc.
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TCP/IP Transport Layer
21 FTP—File Transfer Protocol23 Telnet25 SMTP—Simple Mail Transfer Protocol37 Time69 TFTP—Trivial File Transfer Protocol79 Finger103 X400161 SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol162 SNMPTRAP
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UDP User Datagram Protocol
• Unreliable
• Fast
• Assumes application will retransmit on error
• Often used in diskless workstations
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IPv4 Addressing
• 32-bit addresses
• Commonly expressed in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.10.12)
• Each “dotted decimal” is commonlycalled an octet (8 bits)
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IP Addressing—Three Classes
• Class A: NET.HOST.HOST.HOST
• Class B: NET.NET.HOST.HOST
• Class C: NET.NET.NET.HOST
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IP Addressing—Class A
• 10.222.135.17
• Network # 10
• Host # 222.135.17
• Range of class A network IDs: 1–126
• Number of available hosts: 16,777,214
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IP Addressing—Class B
• 128.128.141.245
• Network # 128.128
• Host # 141.245
• Range of class B network IDs: 128.1–191.254
• Number of available hosts: 65,534
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IP Addressing—Class C
• 192.150.12.1
• Network # 192.150.12
• Host # 1
• Range of class C network IDs: 192.0.1–223.255.254
• Number of available hosts: 254
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IP Network Address Classes
0000000001111111
10111111
1111111111011111
00000000 00000000
11111111
11111111 00000000 00000000
00000000
# Networks
126
16,384
2,097,152
# Hosts
254
65,534
16,777,214
Class
A
B
C
Class A 35.0.0.0
Class B 128.5.0.0
Class C 132.33.33.0Network Address Space
Host Address Space
Example
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IP Address Assignment
• ISPs assign addresses to customers
• IANA assigns addresses to ISPs
• CIDR block: bundle of addresses