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RTA Supplement Guide to R __________________________________________________________________

oad Design Part 1 (Austroads) ____________________________RTA Austroads Guide

SupplementsPublication Number: RTA/Pub. 11.090

Publication date: 3 March 2011 Supersedes: Nil

RTA Supplement to

AUSTROADS GUIDE TO ROAD DESIGNPART 1(2006): INTRODUCTION TO ROAD DESIGN

General

Austroads has released the Guide to Road Design Part 1: Introduction to RoadDesign and all road agencies across Australasia have agreed to adopt the Austroadsguides to provide a level of consistency and harmonisation across all jurisdictions.This agreement means that the new Austroads guides and the Australian Standards,which are referenced in them, will become the primary technical references for usewithin the Authority.

This supplement is issued to clarify, add to, or modify the Austroads Guide to RoadDesign Part 1: Introduction to Road Design

The RTA NSW accepts the principles in the Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 1:Introduction to Road Design with variations documented in this supplement. Thesevariations fall into two categories:

RTA Complementary Material: RTA Design Reference Documents referencematerial that complements the Austroads Guides. These documents include RTAManuals, Technical Directions and/or other reference material and are to beread in conjunction with the Austroads Guides.

RTA Departures: RTA road design practices that depart from the AustroadsGuides.

See also the RTA Supplements for the other parts to the Austroads Guide to RoadDesign Series and the RTA Supplements to the other Austroads Series.

All Reference Documents mentioned in this part should be checked against the RTADesign Reference Documents.

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED 1 (18 pages)


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RTA Supplement Guide to Road Design Part 1 (Austroads) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Document Information

Title: RTA Supplement to

AUSTROADS GUIDE TO Road DesignPart 1 (2006): Introduction toBranch / Section: Road Design Engineering / Technology Standards (Road)Author: Technology Standards (Road)Contributors: Technology Standards (Road)Endorsed by: Principal Road Design Engineer, Pat KennyApproved by: Chair of Austroads Reference Group, Chris HarrisonDate of approval andEffect:

3 March 2011

Audience: PublicNext Review Date: 17/12/2012

Publication Number: RTA/Pub.11.090Keywords: Supplement, Austroads, Part 1, Introduction, Road Design

Document History

Version Date Reason for Amendment Page No. Editor1.0 17/3/2011 Published All TechnologyStandards(Road)

For enquiries and further issues to be added to this supplement email Austroads Supplements

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Reference Section

RTA Enhanced Practice, Complementary Material, or Departures Date

G

eneral RTA practice for Acts

RTA

, Regulations and Rules.

role / purpose:

Transport Administration Act 1988

Road Classification/Road Authority Powers:

Roads Act 1993

Roads Regulation 2008

Ro ment powers:ad Rules / enforce

Road Rules 2008

Road Transport (General) Regulation 2005

RTA complementary material: Design Reference Documents


Reference Section

RTA Enhanced Practice, Complementary Material, or res Departu

Date

Delete Operating and replace with Design after 3.4.3 and beforeSpeed.

Delete Land Use /Planning and insert NOT USED after 5.2.1and before 12.

Delete Public Consultation and insert NOT USED after 5.2.2 andbefore 13.

Delete ProjectPaths and insert NOT USED after Figure 2 andbefore 5.

Delete TypicalDesign Process and insert NOT USED after Figure

3 and before 14.

ContenPg i

ts

Delete TypicalPlanning Process and insert NOT USED afterd before 15.Figure 4 an

Paragraph 4

Insert unsignalised and after ....and includes and beforetersections....signalised in

Section 1.4

Paragraph 4

Insert interchanges after roundabouts, and before andpedestrian.


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Paragraph 4

Insert This Guide provides guidance on the application of thatstandard to road design after are taken into account. and before

rs.Road designe

Paragraph 8

Delete manner, and ensures after ...are produced in an efficientthat all factors that should influenceand before

and insert:

and effective manner. A fully considered and consistent approach toctivities will ensure.design a

Delete:

Documentation enablesand presentation after taken intod before Road designersaccount an

and insert:

Documentation of the steps undertaken and decisions made duringdesign will also enable the decision making process to be retracedshould this be necessary, and is the basis for quality management.This Part describes a systematic approach to design and the typicalrequirements for quality of documentation and presentation. Designis a product and the systems that are put in place should conform tothe model for Quality management systems Requirements, set outin AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008. This Guide provides guidance on the

f that standard to road design.application o

Paragraph 9

Insert , RTA supplements, other RTA design reference documentsof the Guide and before and the relationships.after Parts

Paragraph 9

Insert within this Guide after relationships and before are.illustrated

Paragraph 3

Delete concept after especially during and before developmentfor and insert Route Options/Strategic (described as Phase 1

t 8).design in Par

Section 2

Paragraph 3

Insert , worker safety after environmental impact and beforeand other important.



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Paragraph 3

Delete Consideration should be given to undertaking after import. and before road safety audits.consideration

Paragraph 3Insert are required after safety audit and before [see

D]commentary

Paragraph 3

Insert in accordance with the 'RTA Accident Reduction Guide Part 2:Road Safety Audits' and the Road Safety Series. after for a

efore The design of.projectand b

Paragraph 3

Before Paragraph 4 insert It should be noted that a road safety audithas a narrow focus and that broader review of the design and audit ofthe product and process are also necessary (see Austroads Guide to

art 6 2009 and Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 8).Road Safety P

Paragraph 4

Delete For example, the geotechnical properties of soil or the naturessing may influence the design.of a river cro

Paragraph 5

Insert in the design report after clearly documented and beforee scope.including th

Paragraph 6

Delete three ways after delivered in and before aConventional approach and insert a number of ways including,

d to.but not limite

Paragraph 6

Delete , (which may optionally contain an extended maintenancer the one contract and before an Alliance.period) afte

Paragraph 6

Insert as a point the Design Construct Maintain method that includesan extended maintenance period after are combined in the one

n Alliance.and before a

Paragraph 7

Delete These different delivery paths for project management areillustrated in Figure 2.



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Paragraph 7

Insert and RTA supplements. after Austroads Project DeliveryGuide.

Paragraph 8Insert:

Further information about the phases of design and the level ofdesign detail required for each phase and method of project deliveryis given in the Part 8 of this Guide "Process and Documentation"(Austroads, 2009).

ther parties and before Figure 2.after o

Figure 2

ure and insert Not Used after Figure 2.Delete the fig

Paragraph 1

Delete on after presented and before drawings and insert indesign documentation (either in an electronic format or hard copy)including.

Paragraph 1

Insert , design reports after drawings and before and in....specification

Paragraph 1

ter drawings and and before specifications to.Delete in af

Paragraph 2

Delete these documents after set out in and before underpinand insert The Austroads Guide to Road Design, Traffic Management,

nd the RTA Supplements to these documents.Road Safety a

Paragraph 3

Insert and combination after the selection and before of itsfeatures.

Paragraph 3

Insert whilst minimising the risks for workers in constructing,maintaining, operating and decommissioning the road after to usethe road.

Section 3.1

Paragraph 4

Delete curves and insert alignment (comprising vertical curves andgradients) after horizontal and before vertical.


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Paragraph 4

Delete curves and gradients after vertical and beforeintersections and insert alignment (comprising vertical curves

s).and gradient

Paragraph 4

Insert as a new point batter slopes and run out areas and the natureof roadside furniture after and gradients and before

s.intersection

Paragraph 5

Insert Beginning with the project owner's requirements (the brief),rge areas. and before Designers choose.after /dive

Paragraph 1

Insert user after operational requirements, and before safety,cost,.

Paragraph 1

r safety and before cost and insert and.Delete , afte

Paragraph 3

Insert whole of life worker safety after construction, economynd both consistency.and before a

Section 3.2

Paragraph 3

Delete:

However, the Guideof that judgement. after for road users. andCommentrary E]before [see

and insert:The RTA has established values for various road design parametersbased on Normal Design Domain, Extended Design Domain andBelow Design Domain (Section 3.3) and these are specified in the"Network Perfomance Measures and Network Planning Targets"(RTA, July 2010). The adoption of uniform route criteria will alloweffective road design solutions to be established in the most costeffective way. It will also better help to integrate and maximise roadsafety outcomes and reduce motor vehicle accidents. By yieldingproductivity gains, it will also allow much needed asset works to becompleted earlier than they may otherwise have been, subject tooverall safety considerations. It will also allow a better match to be


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made between available funding and the demands of futurepopulation growth, the ability to pay, and the relevant communityrequirements and needs.

Many significant external and internal changes have occurred in the

management of the road network over the last few years. These willaffect the way future road asset and maintenance management ishandled, and these Guidelines take all these matters into account, andprovides a solution to the issue of restrictions in infrastructurefunding that are currently facing all countries across the globe. This isa major paradigm shift, and designers must use all their skills and thedata provided in these Guidelines to arrive at the most cost effectivesolutions rather than simply meeting a theoretical standard. Thedesigns developed under this process must also meet the RTAs

stainable, safe and efficient transport system.vision of a su

Paragraph 1Insert in the project documentation after suitably documented

o that any.and before s

Section 3.2.1

Paragraph 1

Insert:

It is important to ensure that all changes in the project brief arerecorded for future audit and/or legal use, and incorporated into thedesign report and project records. The design report must alsooutline any proposed remedial or mitigating works that will beundertaken to reduce (or alleviate) the identified risks. This mayinvolve a very minor change of treatment at that location, e.g. linemarking, guide posts or other similar works, or may require a full redesign treatment involving reconstruction of the pavement at thatlocation.

after [see Commentary F] and before 3.2.2 Application ofGuidelines.

Paragraph 1

Delete Construction cost after appropriate value. and beforeconsiderations sometimes and insert Cost, site constraints orother.

Paragraph 1

Delete recommended minimum after designers selecting ands that may.before value

Section 3.2.2

Paragraph 1

Insert that are on the absolute limits of the design domain after

minimum values and before that may or may not.


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Paragraph 1

Delete minimum after The use of a and before value for ainsert limiting.single and

Paragraph 1Delete minimum after the use of and before values for

d replace with limiting.several an

Paragraph 2

Insert In addition, information is available from the Road Authorityon appropriate intervention levels for Brownfield projects detailingwhen design is required. For RTA projects the matrix given inCommentary Q may be used. after set of circumstances. and

ommentary Q].before [see C

Paragraph 4

Insert and therefore requires sound judgement. after with thebefore 3.3 ContextSensitive Design.science. and

Paragraph 3

Inse ribed inPar

rt The limits of Extended Design Domain (EDD) are desct 8 and only include values:

1. established within the Austroads Guide to Road Design2. established by the RTA either in the supplement or separately

The concept of Below the Design Domain involves the use of valuesthat cannot be justified purely on technical grounds and this concept

.is discussed further in Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 2

after [see Commentary H] and before The Design Domainconcept.

Section 3.3

Paragraph 4

Insert The RTA's order of precedence is:

1. Values separately specified for the project where those valueshave been derived and approved in accordance with RTApractices.2. Values separately specified for the route where those valueshave been derived and approved in accordance with RTApractices.3. Default values specified for the road or network see 'RTANetwork Performance Measures and Network Planning Targets'(July 2010).

oads4. Values specified within the 'RTA Supplement to the AustrGuide to Road Design'

5. Values specified in the Austroads Guide to Road Design.


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after Part 2 Design Considerations. and before 3.4 GeometricConsistency.

Section 3.4.1 Paragraph 1

Insert

The geometric emphasis in this Guide is on consistency in thetreatment of the road alignment along a route to allow drivers toadjust their speed to meet the road layout. This means that thereshould be a consistent design speed along similar sections of a route,and also appropriate transitioning of curves between adjoining speedsections. This will assist to ensure that drivers, particularly thoseunfamiliar with a particular road, do not encounter any surprises asthey travel along a route. It means that different design speeds will beused according to the terrain, together with the appropriate curvetransitioning. An incremental approach to asset enhancements can bedelivered to reach the requirements of the Network Targets. Indifficult terrain there may be problems with the Network Targetgoals due to the narrowness of the available formations. In suchsituations, the key objective should be to obtain as wide an overallformation, sealed pavement and shoulders as possible, in order tomove towards the Network Target requirements. More important isthe safety objective of having a widened pavement that will allowvehicles using the road to divert and miss an object, or avoid an

impending collision. On these types of rural roads with lowervolumes of daily traffic this has particular importance especially atsharp vertical curves. The widths that can be allocated to lanes,sealed shoulders, or verges can be determined based on the adoptedNetwork Targets. The objective is to provide a consistency between

s each region,similar sub network ranked roads and routes acrosrather than total uniformity.

after large radii. and before Different road.



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Paragraph 2

Insert Road Classification for use in NSW is called the Road NetworkManagement Hierarchy and is specified in Network and CorridorPlanning Practice Notes (RTA, 2008). after (TAC, 1999) and before

ch.This approa

Paragraph 4

Delete can be addressed in three areas after Design consistencyand before cross section and insert should be addressed in allcharacteristics of the road design, three of which are discussed below

il and a fourth is mentioned.in more deta

Paragraph 4

Delete operating after cross section and before speed and

design.replace withParagraph 5

Insert For a range of parameters, design consistency is addressed bythe RTA's route targets. Refer to the Supplement of this part (Part 1Section 3.3) for order of precedence. after end crashes. and

Cross Section.before 3.4.2

Paragraph 2

Delete should after safety implications and before be assessed.

and insert with must.

Section 3.4.2

Paragraph 4

Insert Appropriately designed transitions can be used to connectsections where the design speed changes. Any gulf between observedspe nd design speeds can then beman cluding:

eds, that is, operating speed aaged by various measures in

Enhanced guidance systems.f the pavement wear

g advisory speeds). ing surface.Changes in the nature o

Warning signs (includin Changes in speed limit.

Rebuilding specific sections.ating Speed.after tapers and signing. and before 3.4.3 Oper

Section 3.4.3 In the title, delete Operating and insert Design.



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Paragraph 1

Delete The design ofof the project. after Operating Speed andbefore The selected and insert Refer to section 3.3 above fororder of precedence when selecting design speed.

In some circumstances, the target operating speed may not bepossible to achieve and the actual design speed for a section of roador indeed a single curve within the section may have to bedetermined. Where the RTA has given approval for this to occur, thedesign speed may be derived by a number of methods, including theoperating speed concept. The operating speed concept is the

referred method (see Part 3 and its supplement for an expandedpdiscussion).

See Part 3 Geometric Design of this series for speed parameter

definitions.

Paragraph 2

Delete operating after The selected and before speed will andnsert design.i

Section 4 Paragraph 3

Delete coordination after results from the and before of allinsert effective consideration.inputs and

Paragraph 2

Delete Figure 3 illustratesstage of review. after corridorstrategies and before Figure 4 and insert Design process and

on are covered in more detail in Part 8.Documentati

Paragraph 3

e 4 showswill be made.Delete Figur

Section 5.1

Paragraph 4Delete Austroads ProjectNew Zealand, 2004). after found inthe and before 5.2 Process Elements and insert RTAs ProjectPack and Minor Projects Pack. Risk Management assessment is arequirement that must be carried out on all brownfield projects. Thedetails required will vary with the importance and scale of theproject. A value engineering assessment of all projects must becarried out in conjunction with the risk assessment.

Section 5.2 Delete all content and insert The RTA's planning processes aredetailed in The Network and Corridor Planning Practice Notes (RTA,2008). Design processes, including description of Design Phases, are


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further detailed in the Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 8. Alsorefer to the RTA's Project Pack and Minor Project Pack for project

cesses and linkages to design.level pro

Heading

Delete in the heading after 5.2.1 Land Use / Transport /rt Not Used.Environmental Planning and inse

Section 5.2.1

Delete the content of Clause 5.2.1.

Heading

Delete in the heading after 5.2.2 and before The planningn and insert Not Used.process with Public Consultatio

Delete the content of Clause 5.2.2.

Figure 3

Delete Typical Road Planning and Design Process in the title ofFigure 3 and insert Not Used.

Delete the content of Figure 3.

Figure 4

Delete Typical Road Planning Process in the title of Figure 4 andinsert Not Used.

Section 5.2.2

Delete the content of Figure 4.

Section 5.2.3 Paragraph 2

Insert The context in which a project sits determines the range anddegree of risk associated with it. For example, retailing/businessestablishments on each side of the carriageway are common featuresalong the corridor boundary, particularly with the section of arterialroad that passes through the centre of town. These establishmentsrepresent a valuable community asset that can provide amenities for

travellers. However, arterial roads through the fringe areas that liebetween the town boundaries and its centre often have a differentoperating environment. Such areas are generally newer. Speed limitsare higher. The road corridor can be wider. Roadside development ismixed. This means a different set of issues to resolve and theserequire consultation with a different list of stakeholders. Thetransitions between the adjoining rural environment and the fringe

ould bearea and between the fringe area and the town centre shclosely examined.after and reports. and before [see Commentary N]


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Heading

Delete Project Planning and Preliminary Design after 5.2.4 andbefore The project planning and insert Design Development Prior

esign.to Detailed D

Paragraph 1

Delete project planning and preliminary design phase and insertdesign development for a project after The and before involves

.the collation

Paragraph 1

Insert The phases of the design development are covered in moredetail in Part 8. The stages for development for major projects aredefined in project pack and for minor projects are defined in minorproject pack.As the project develops and various options are considered, thequantity and accuracy of the required data will increase and further

is ordetailed survey, geotechnical investigation, hydraulic analystraffic assessment will probably be required.

Design. and before Following a thorough.after Road

Paragraph 2

Delete preliminary design mayamendments after nominated.

The and before and land acquisition. and insert relationshipbetween the preferred design (phase 2 also known as concept design)rocesses such as environmental assessment.and project p

Section 5.2.4

Paragraph 2

Insert is set out in the RTA's Project Pack after land acquisition..2.5 Detailed Design.and before 5

Paragraph 1

Delete preliminary after developed in the and before design. As

ert phase 2 (concept).the and ins

Paragraph 1

e projectbe required.Delete As th

Paragraph 3

Insert drawings (either hardcopy or electronic) and after suche a detail design report.as and befor

Section 5.2.5

Paragraph 3

Delete , drawings after produce specifications and before and


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contract.

CommentaryB

Paragraph 1

Insert It was later agreed that jurisdictions would producesupplements as required. after explanatory material. and before

y C.Commentar

Paragraph 4

Insert Extended Design Domain values may be established withinthis guide or by the RTA separately and are values which can bejustified on technical grounds. The designer can only choose fromthese values with the concurrence of the Principal Road DesignEngineer. Below the Design Domain values cannot be technically

justified but may be dictated by project specificrequirements/constraints and are beyond the designer'sdetermination. These should be determined by the project managerin accordance with the RTA's procedures and require theconcurrence of the Principal Road Design Engineer. Refer to Part 2 for further detail."

lish negligence and before The best defense.after estab

Paragraph 4

Insert The matter should be referred to the person who has

accountability for the extended design domain/ design departurewithin the road authority and in RTA, this is the Principal RoadDesign Engineer. It should be noted that context sensitive standardsare provided in the first instance in the route standard developed forthe road in question. after their decisions. and before If the

.justification

Paragraph 5

Delete variance after that make the and before from guidelinesnecessary and insert design nonconformance/design

esign exceptions.departures/d

CommentaryF

Paragraph 5

Insert after the documentation. and before As a result thefollowing:

The powers of the RTA are controlled by the Roads Act 1999 . Thislists all the matters under which the Authority operates, and the dutyof care that it has to the community. A foundation of this Guide is thatthe community and legal processes do not expect agencies to produceperfect results, especially in the restricted funding environment that

invariably applies to public works. However, it is reasonable to expectthat the Authority will be able to demonstrate that it has taken into


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account matters of thrift, resource availability, weather conditions,climate, terrain and so on. Other matters affecting projects, such ascommunity values, the environment, design criteria, public safety,risk, value engineering, work priority and the level of fundingavailable, also need to be shown to have been considered during thedesign of asset maintenance works.The final outcome of each project should reflect these considerations,

ith all these factors being addressed in the project report.w

CommentaryH

Paragraph 1

Insert EDD values are meant for constrained situations. The processtakes into account the very conservative position taken by thepredicted 85 th percentile speed (design speed) used in developingvalues for esshould tak

geometric parameters. It questions whether the value into account issues such as:

gett

sports cars (with a lower driver eye height) that

captured in the figures for design speed driver eye heighvehicles with worn (but still roadworthy) tyres

s (already captured bydrivers with longer reaction time

other calculations for this factor)

ibilitydriver fatigue and physical statepoor driving conditions with wet road and poor vis

vehicles with brakes with a reduced performance objects on the road that are difficult to distinguish.

re representativeEDD tests these assumptions to see whether they aof each site being considered.

B (1987). and before There are also.after TR

CommentaryK

Heading

ot Used after the heading Commentary K.Insert N

CommentaryL

Heading

ot Used after the heading Commentary L.Insert N

CommentaryM

Heading

sed after the heading Commentary M.Insert Not U

CommentaryO

Paragraph 1

Insert Further information is given in Part 8 of this Austroads on the landscape. and before Commentary P.Guide. after

CommentaryP

Paragraph 1

Insert Further information is given in Part 8 of this Austroads


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Guide. after wall locations). and before Commentary Q.

Insert Heading Commentary Q and The Design Matrix forbrownfields projects shows the linkage between amaintenance/rehabilitation/reconstruction activity and 10 key

design elements that are normally addressed in road design andsuggests an appropriate level of intervention.

The iated terms are:levels of intervention in abbrevesign (RE)

Design (EU) Retain Existing D Evaluate Upgrade Full Design (FD)



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