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Introduction to A2 Introduction to A2 GeographyGeographyJune2009June2009

Expectations

Attend all lessons on time Use time effectively and productively Read around lessons Carry out independent research Read broadsheet newspapers Complete all home learning tasks set

and hand in on time!

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Overview of A2Overview of A2

Unit 3Unit 3

Energy SecurityEnergy Security Biodiversity under threatBiodiversity under threat Superpower GeographiesSuperpower Geographies Water ConflictsWater Conflicts Bridging the development gapBridging the development gap The technological FixThe technological Fix

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Miss Miss GreenGreen

Mr Mr HenricksenHenricksen

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A change to UMS (Uniform Marks):A change to UMS (Uniform Marks):As we now have only 4 units, the total UMS As we now have only 4 units, the total UMS

(Uniform Marks) for Geography totals 400, not (Uniform Marks) for Geography totals 400, not

600:600:

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Award of the A*:Award of the A*: To be awarded a grade A* at GCE A Level, a candidate To be awarded a grade A* at GCE A Level, a candidate

mustmust 1. achieve a grade A overall for the A Level. This can also 1. achieve a grade A overall for the A Level. This can also

be described as having to achieve 80% of the total uniform be described as having to achieve 80% of the total uniform marks.marks.

ANDAND 2. achieve 90% of the combined uniform mark total for the 2. achieve 90% of the combined uniform mark total for the

A2 units.A2 units.

For example:For example: For a 4 unit A Level, a candidate must achieve at least 320 For a 4 unit A Level, a candidate must achieve at least 320

of the 400 uniform marks of the 400 uniform marks andand 180 of the 200 uniform 180 of the 200 uniform marks for the A2 units.marks for the A2 units.

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Unit 3 – Contested Planet – Unit 3 – Contested Planet – key themeskey themes

Unit 3, Contested Planet, Unit 3, Contested Planet, forms the core of A2 forms the core of A2 Geography. Geography.

The unit aims to introduce The unit aims to introduce key contemporary global key contemporary global issues and to explore the issues and to explore the significance of these issues significance of these issues and examine a range of and examine a range of potential solutions to them. potential solutions to them.

The unit has a synoptic The unit has a synoptic element, which addresses element, which addresses the question of ‘Managing the question of ‘Managing the Contested Planet’. the Contested Planet’.

This takes the form of This takes the form of assessing three broad assessing three broad themes in relation to the themes in relation to the topic contenttopic content

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Topic 1:Topic 1: ENERGY SECURITY: A view ENERGY SECURITY: A view from the USAfrom the USA

""For too long our nation has been dependent on foreign oil. And this dependence leaves us For too long our nation has been dependent on foreign oil. And this dependence leaves us more vulnerable to hostile regimes, and to terrorists -- who could cause huge more vulnerable to hostile regimes, and to terrorists -- who could cause huge disruptions of oil shipments, and raise the price of oil, and do great harm to our disruptions of oil shipments, and raise the price of oil, and do great harm to our economy” President GW Bush, State of the Union 2007.economy” President GW Bush, State of the Union 2007.

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Topic 2: WATER CONFLICTS – Topic 2: WATER CONFLICTS – running dryrunning dry

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Topic 3: BIODIVERSITY UNDER Topic 3: BIODIVERSITY UNDER THREAT – the alien invasionTHREAT – the alien invasion

Invasive Invasive alien species alien species are a big are a big threat to threat to biodiversitybiodiversity

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Topic 4: SUPERPOWER GEOGRAPHIES – Topic 4: SUPERPOWER GEOGRAPHIES – who are the emerging powers??who are the emerging powers??

Superpower Geographies is Superpower Geographies is really about the changing really about the changing Geography of power and Geography of power and opportunity, and divides into opportunity, and divides into three parts:three parts:

The pastThe past – the Geography of – the Geography of the British Empire and Cold the British Empire and Cold WarWar

The presentThe present – the – the Geography of the world with Geography of the world with the USA as the only the USA as the only superpowersuperpower

The futureThe future – the Geography – the Geography of the future, in an of the future, in an increasingly multi-polar world increasingly multi-polar world

The future world is likely to The future world is likely to be the most unfamiliar. There be the most unfamiliar. There are several good sources of are several good sources of information on this topic such information on this topic such as The World Economic as The World Economic ForumForum

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A A superpower is a country (or superpower is a country (or grouping of countries) which grouping of countries) which has global economic, cultural, has global economic, cultural, military and geographical military and geographical influence. On this basis:influence. On this basis:

The The USAUSA is clearly a is clearly a superpower.superpower.

The The BRICsBRICs are emerging are emerging superpowers, especially Russia, superpowers, especially Russia, India and ChinaIndia and China

The The EUEU is usually viewed as an is usually viewed as an emerging superpower emerging superpower

The The Middle EastMiddle East has economic has economic influence and should be viewed influence and should be viewed as an emerging power. as an emerging power.

Some countries have more of a Some countries have more of a regional influenceregional influence, and , and should be viewed as regional should be viewed as regional powers such as Brazil, Japan powers such as Brazil, Japan and South Africa.and South Africa.

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Technological Fix is a very new area on the Technological Fix is a very new area on the specspec

There is no need to There is no need to fear it. It is actually fear it. It is actually a very synoptic a very synoptic part of the Unit 3 part of the Unit 3 spec and you will spec and you will find that much of it find that much of it is covered in the is covered in the other 5 topicsother 5 topics

Topic 6: TECHNOLOGICAL Topic 6: TECHNOLOGICAL FIX? FIX? – – some new terminologysome new terminology

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In the Unit 3 exam students complete 2 questions. In the Unit 3 exam students complete 2 questions. This forms Section A of the Unit 3 examination. This forms Section A of the Unit 3 examination.

Section B is the synoptic issues analysis.Section B is the synoptic issues analysis.

There are six topics in Unit 3: There are six topics in Unit 3: 1.1. Energy securityEnergy security2.2. Water ConflictsWater Conflicts3.3. Biodiversity under Threat Biodiversity under Threat 4.4. Superpower GeographiesSuperpower Geographies5.5. Bridging the Development GapBridging the Development Gap6.6. Technological FixTechnological FixIn each exam series, one of the 6 topics will form the basis for In each exam series, one of the 6 topics will form the basis for

the synoptic issues analysis.the synoptic issues analysis.The remaining 5 topics will each have a Section A question.The remaining 5 topics will each have a Section A question.Students will choose 2 of the 5 Section A questions to complete. Students will choose 2 of the 5 Section A questions to complete. All students will complete Section B, based on the pre-released All students will complete Section B, based on the pre-released

resources. resources.

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Note that the questions on the exam paper will be numbered Note that the questions on the exam paper will be numbered 1-6, BUT these numbers will not correspond to the Topic 1-6, BUT these numbers will not correspond to the Topic numbers. However, the topics each question refers to will be numbers. However, the topics each question refers to will be indicated on the exam paper e.g. ‘Energy Security’ indicated on the exam paper e.g. ‘Energy Security’

There will be There will be no orderno order to the topic chosen to be the basis for to the topic chosen to be the basis for the pre-release issues analysis, it will be random. the pre-release issues analysis, it will be random.

Students are advised to spend 1 hr 20 mins on Section A, and Students are advised to spend 1 hr 20 mins on Section A, and 1 hour 10 mins on Section B (2 ½ hour exam in total). 1 hour 10 mins on Section B (2 ½ hour exam in total).

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Unit 3: Approaches to Unit 3: Approaches to SynopticitySynopticity

Section B on the Unit 3 exam paper will Section B on the Unit 3 exam paper will consist of an Issues Analysis based on pre-consist of an Issues Analysis based on pre-release resources release resources

The pre-release resources should be The pre-release resources should be studied in class prior to the exam. In the studied in class prior to the exam. In the exam students will be faced with a exam students will be faced with a sequence of three questions (6a, 6b, 6c) sequence of three questions (6a, 6b, 6c) totalling 40 marks.totalling 40 marks.

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In general they will follow an issues analysis sequence:In general they will follow an issues analysis sequence: Introductory question - what’s the issue / problem? Opportunities Introductory question - what’s the issue / problem? Opportunities

/ challenges, how did the situation develop etc. / challenges, how did the situation develop etc. Assessment / evaluation looking at impacts, consequences, Assessment / evaluation looking at impacts, consequences,

threats, needs etc. threats, needs etc. Discursive question focussing on the future, management, role of Discursive question focussing on the future, management, role of

different players, options or a range of actions. different players, options or a range of actions. Example belowExample below

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Unit 4 Geographical ResearchUnit 4 Geographical Research This Unit provides the opportunity to research a topic in This Unit provides the opportunity to research a topic in

depth. depth. Each of the six options falls in a different place on the human-Each of the six options falls in a different place on the human-

environmental-physical geography spectrum:environmental-physical geography spectrum:

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Where does each option fit in?Where does each option fit in? Although each option is an in depth Although each option is an in depth

research investigation, you should research investigation, you should consider how it relates to the rest of consider how it relates to the rest of the AS and A2 Geography course. the AS and A2 Geography course.

AS Unit 1 and A2 Unit 3 are both AS Unit 1 and A2 Unit 3 are both focused on global issues and focused on global issues and understanding how the world works understanding how the world works as whole system. as whole system.

Unit 4 is more focused on Unit 4 is more focused on geographical specialisms. geographical specialisms.

To fit the two approaches together To fit the two approaches together each Unit 4 option has an each Unit 4 option has an introductory introductory Global Synoptic Global Synoptic ContextContext which highlights where it which highlights where it fits into the GCE course as a whole.fits into the GCE course as a whole.

The introductory sections each have The introductory sections each have 3 P’s:3 P’s:

PPlaceslacesPPeopleeoplePPowerower

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GeneratinGenerating a g a

Research Research Ethos at Ethos at

A2A2

Linked reading and cross referencing: having looked at one source you may need another to understand it

Look at the origins of an article, or who runs a web site, Be critical of sources, check for bias

Collect your own articles, reports , swap with other students

1Finding information

2Selecting and sorting

information

What is the focus of your research?i.e. topic, aims

Begin a search from a variety of sources: books, articles, websites….and keep a record (date, volume, author…) as you go!

Begin to filter information- not all that you read will be useful for a particular focus!

3Synthesis and

sorting information

Highlight key words, technical terms, even create a glossary to help you revise

4Create final product:

This may be an essay during your course, or a report, or a presentation, or simply notes for yourself!

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Assessment for Unit 4Assessment for Unit 4 For the Unit 4 examination students will be required to For the Unit 4 examination students will be required to

answer answer ONEONE report question on their chosen option. There report question on their chosen option. There will only be one question per option on the exam paper. will only be one question per option on the exam paper.

The exam in 1 ½ hours long. The exam in 1 ½ hours long. Below is an example report questionBelow is an example report question

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Candidates will be made clear what the Candidates will be made clear what the purpose of the research focus is and what purpose of the research focus is and what

the expectedthe expected product product is. is. Instructions to CandidatesInstructions to Candidates Select Select one optionone option, based on the research you have carried out , based on the research you have carried out

for Unit 4. for Unit 4. You should use information contained in the research focus to You should use information contained in the research focus to

prepare for the Unit 4 examination. The prepare for the Unit 4 examination. The research focusresearch focus will give will give you an idea of the sort of question you will need to answer in the you an idea of the sort of question you will need to answer in the examination for Unit 4.To help you narrow down your last minute examination for Unit 4.To help you narrow down your last minute research, the focus is divided into:research, the focus is divided into:

ExploreExplore, meaning the background concepts, processes, theories, , meaning the background concepts, processes, theories, models involved where relevant.models involved where relevant.

ResearchResearch, meaning the geographical places, case studies and , meaning the geographical places, case studies and examples illustrating these.examples illustrating these.

You will be expected to produce a You will be expected to produce a reportreport, with clear subsections , with clear subsections and referencing.and referencing.

Please consult the accompanying generic mark scheme, also to be Please consult the accompanying generic mark scheme, also to be found on the Edexcel websitefound on the Edexcel website

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It is important to recognise that the It is important to recognise that the product product is a is a reportreport, not an , not an essay. This means that the student’s answer is expected to contain:essay. This means that the student’s answer is expected to contain: Clear sub–headings and sectioning – introduction, analysis, conclusion Clear sub–headings and sectioning – introduction, analysis, conclusion

etc. etc. Diagrams, especially conceptual ones such as models, but also simple Diagrams, especially conceptual ones such as models, but also simple

maps, graphs and tables of data when appropriate maps, graphs and tables of data when appropriate Sources and referencing – not as in a University Dissertation, but at least Sources and referencing – not as in a University Dissertation, but at least

acknowledging key sources of informationacknowledging key sources of information

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linkage

linkagelinkage

AnalysisSection 2 Concept/case study 12 …….

Main structure What needs to be included

Hitting 70?

PLANNING PAGE 1 SIDE MAX spider, spectrum diagram, grid, bullets…

Section 1:Introduction

Discussion of title-developing a focus- by case study or conceptsAccurate definitionsFramework by concept/case study

D10

AnalysisSection2Concept/Case Study1

Concept/Case Study2

Concept/Case Study3 etc …..

Research + sampling methods: range, topical, relevant

Analysis, Application+ Understanding: linked to title (+supporting maps/diagrams if relevant) Values/perspectives

R15

+ Sub conclusion/ evaluation

+Sub conclusion/ evaluation

A20

+Sub conclusion/ evaluation

Section 3 : Final Conclusion Ongoing evaluations + final summary. Shows complexity of Q

C15

Quality of written communication: Report style, sequencing, SPAG, Geographical Vocabulary referencing/sourcing

Q10

Energy – Does it cost the Energy – Does it cost the Earth?Earth?

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

1.1. To interpret the term “Energy Security”To interpret the term “Energy Security”

2.2. To classify energy sources and analyse To classify energy sources and analyse their environmental impactstheir environmental impacts

PLTs objective:PLTs objective:

1.1. To work with others to rank the To work with others to rank the environmental impact of a variety of environmental impact of a variety of energy sources.energy sources.

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Reconnect our Learning.

How does this topic, How does this topic, Energy security, link Energy security, link with Unit 1?with Unit 1?

Topic 1= Energy SecurityTopic 1= Energy Security

Strand 1) Energy supply, demand Strand 1) Energy supply, demand and securityand security

Strand 2) The impacts of Energy Strand 2) The impacts of Energy InsecurityInsecurity

Strand 3) Energy Security and the Strand 3) Energy Security and the futurefuture

Energy-Issues-Contested Energy-Issues-Contested Planet….Planet….

Economic viability of energy sources

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Conventional Oil Middle East

Conventional Oil other

Deep water oil

Oil Shale

Coal to liquids

Tar sands

Sugar cane ethanol

USA Corn ethanol

European biodiesel

Onshore wind

Offshore wind

Oil price US$

Energy-Issues-Contested Planet….Energy-Issues-Contested Planet….1. 1. Supply-demand and securitySupply-demand and security

22. Impacts:environmental and socio economic issues. Impacts:environmental and socio economic issues3. 3. Futures- alternatives, renewables, conservation, Futures- alternatives, renewables, conservation,

efficiency……..efficiency……..

Economic viability of energy sources

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Conventional Oil Middle East

Conventional Oil other

Deep water oil

Oil Shale

Coal to liquids

Tar sands

Sugar cane ethanol

USA Corn ethanol

European biodiesel

Onshore wind

Offshore wind

Oil price US$

Oil exploration Arctic N Oil exploration Arctic N slope-!slope-!

Expansion nuclear Expansion nuclear power UK eg Sizewellpower UK eg Sizewell

Kingsnorth coal Kingsnorth coal powerstation + powerstation + Grenpeace protestGrenpeace protest

Energy crisis - oil peakEnergy crisis - oil peak

Alternatives for future?Alternatives for future?

Renewables: wind farm Renewables: wind farm Thames Estuary ARRAY Thames Estuary ARRAY and wave: Anaconda and wave: Anaconda systemsystem

Key supply player: Key supply player: OPECOPEC

Hybrid car- less energyHybrid car- less energy

Task:Task:

In pairs discuss the term “Energy In pairs discuss the term “Energy Security”Security”

Come up with your own definition of Come up with your own definition of the termthe term

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What does it mean to be What does it mean to be energy secure?energy secure?

To have To have ENERGY SECURITYENERGY SECURITY means to means to have access to reliable and have access to reliable and affordable energy sourcesaffordable energy sources

E.g. RussiaE.g. Russia Countries that do not have this are Countries that do not have this are

said to be said to be ENERGY INSECUREENERGY INSECURE

To finish…To finish…

Answer question 1 p32Answer question 1 p32

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Home Learning – Home Learning –

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Exam Question:Exam Question:

Using sources of evidence assess how energy Using sources of evidence assess how energy secure the UK is.secure the UK is.

Hand in date: Monday 13Hand in date: Monday 13thth September September