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Ionic Bonds

Chemistry

Mrs. Coyle

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Part A:

Ions

Lewis Dot Structure

Stable Octet (or Duet)

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The Periodic Table and Atomic Radius

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Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the

highest occupied energy level of the atom.

Valence electrons are the only electrons

generally involved in bond formation.

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Electron Configuration of Sodium

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Which is the valence electron for Na?

Answer: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

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Na , 11 e

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Na + , 10e

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A Positive Ion (Cation):

An atom that has lost one or more electrons.

+ charge

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Electron Dot Structure or

Lewis Dot Diagram

A notation showing the valence electrons

surrounding the atomic symbol.

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Elements within the same group have

the same electron-dot structure.

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A Negative Ion (Anion)

An atom that has gained one or more

electrons.

Negatively (-) charged.

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Chlorine Atom Chlorine Ion

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When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence

electron, what element does its

configuration look like ?

a. Neon

b. Potassiumc. Beryllium

d. Sodium

Check your Neighbor

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When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence

electron, what element does its

configuration look like ?

a. Neon

b. Potassiumc. Beryllium

d. Sodium

Check your Neighbor

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When the valence shell is full, the

atom is stable, less likely to react.

Example: Noble (Inert Gases)

Kr

A Stable Octet

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Note

Atoms tend to react in a way that would lead

them to have a stable octet.

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Part B:

Equations for Formation of Ions and Naming

Ions

Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

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Equations for the Formation of Cations

H. H+ + e-

Li. Li+ + e-

Mg: Mg2+ + 2e-

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Equations for the Formation of Anions

. ..

: F : + e-

:

F- :

.. ..

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Naming cations (+).

Use the name of the metal.

Example: Na+

Sodium ion.

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Naming Anions(-)

Use the name of the nonmetal with the

ending ide.

Example: F-

Fluoride

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Ionic Compounds

Are made up of:

a metal and a nonmetal ion.

polyatomic ions.

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Naming Ionic Compounds,

a First Look

Example: NaF

Sodium Fluoride

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Example:

Which of the following compounds are ionic?

1. NaCl

2. CO2

3. CO

4. KF

5. KNO3

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Some Common Ions

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Bonding

Elements that do not have a complete octet,

tend to react.

When the elements react bonds are formed.

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Types of Bonds

Ionic

Metallic

Covalent

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Ionic Bonds

Bonds that are formed by transferof

electrons from one element to the other.

Each element (now an ion) will have a

complete octet after the transfer of electrons.

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The Ionic Bond

The electrical force of attraction between

oppositely charged ions.

Na+ F

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Example:

Formation of Lithium Fluoride

. ..

Li.

+

: F : Li+

:

F- :

.. ..

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Is an Ionic Compound Electrically

Neutral or Charged?

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Movie Clip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0XvhV

qQ&NR=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0XvhVqQ&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0XvhVqQ&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0XvhVqQ&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0XvhVqQ&NR=1

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Chemical Formula

A representation of the kinds and number of

atoms in a substance.

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Formula Unit

A chemical formula that shows the

lowest whole number ratio of the

atoms (ions) in an ionic compound.

Example: KCl, Mg Cl2

The formula unit is used because ionic

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The formula unit is used because ionic

compounds have a lattice arrangement

of ions. Ex: NaCl Which ball

represents

the Na?