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JEANETTE JACKNIN, M.D. Renowned Dermatologist Dr. Jeanette Jacknin is based in Scottsdale where she is Board Certified and Licensed. She has distinguished herself as a well-respected physician and author. Dr. Jacknin authored the classic book, Smart Medicine for Your Skin, published by Penguin Putnam in 2001 and now available at www.drjacknin.com. In addition, Dr. Jacknin has contributed and consulted for an abundance of articles published in numerous high profile magazines, such as Alternative Medicine, Body and Soul, Better Homes and Gardens, Readers Digest, Mens Health, Natural Health, Natural Solutions, and Shape, She has been featured on radio programs like: Health Talk, and The Deborah Ray Show and has recently produced a news segment for national TV on the value of essential oils in skincare. Dr. Jacknin is recognized as a go-to expert for the cosmeceutical ingredient industry, with her 2008 articles in the industry trade journal In Cosmeceuticals on the latest natural ingredients which have been shown to topically reduce the signs of aging.

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Botanicals are in The big thing in anti-aging cosmeceuticals is green: POMEGRANATE SOY COFFEEBERRY SEA BUCKTHORN ROOBIOS TEA EVODIA ACAI GOGI MANGOSTEEN BLUE-GREEN ALGAE RED ALGAE BROWN ALGAE 3

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Anti-Aging Mucocutaneous inflammation is the final common pathway of many systemic and cutaneous diseases including extrinsic aging 1 Oral and topical antioxidants to fight inflammation should be a part of every anti-aging skin care regimen Of the over 8000 known antioxidant ingredients, less than 20 have been incorporated into topical formulations which have been documented in human clinical trials to reverse signs of extrinsic aging 4

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Pomegranate Pomegranate was used medicinally in the oldest cultures of the Indus Valley, ancient China, Old Testament, and classical Greece Pomegranate is important to cosmeceutical development with its clinically proven anti-inflammatory, anti- oxidant, and anti-aging properties 5

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Pomegranate Anthocyanins account for the red-purple color of the pomegranate Punicalagin Punicic acid Pomegranate juice is a rich source of punicalagin, a large polyphenol antioxidant, and the major antioxidant component of pomegranate Pomegranate seeds are a good source of punicic acid. 6

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Pomegranate Pomegranate shows remarkable preventive potential against two of the major chronic diseases of aging heart disease and cancer There is evidence of the pomegranate's impact on heart disease, including its ability to enhance nitric oxide production in endothelial cells 2 7

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Pomegranate Significant anti-proliferative effects of pomegranate have been shown in severe breast cancer and prostate cancer 3, 4, 5 Pomegranate has been shown to slow tumor growth in animals 8

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Pomegranate Pomegranate seed oil was shown to stimulate keratinocyte proliferation - a mild thickening of the epidermis was observed Pomegranate peel extract stimulated type I procollagen synthesis and inhibited dermal fibroblast production of matrix metalloproteinase which breaks down skin proteins, thereby regenerating the dermis 9

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Pomegranate Oral pomegranate as well as a combination of topical and oral pomegranate have both been documented in double-blind clinical trials to effectively improve signs of extrinsic aging 7 10

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Pomegranate Companies already using pomegranate in their cosmeceuticals include Dr. Murad and Burts Bees 11

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Soy Soy is also one of only 14 of the more than 8000 documented antioxidant ingredients that have been shown topically to reverse signs of aging in human clinical trials 8 The soybean is a species of legume that has been used in China for 5,000 years as a food and a component of drugs 12

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Soy Anti-aging properties of soy are due to the estrogen-type and antioxidant effects of its metabolites, isoflavones genistein and diadzein Phytoestrogens may be beneficial for healthy women; women with known breast cancer should consider avoiding consumption until more information becomes available 13

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Soy Topical soy improves hyper-pigmentation, elasticity, and moisture in the skin 9 Soy has been shown to significantly inhibit mouse skin carcinogenesis, and to potently inhibit UVB- induced erythema in human skin 10 14

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Soy Solbar and SunOpta have successfully used soy in their cosmetic preparations 15

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Coffeeberry The Coffeeberry is the extract made from the grape-like, green, fleshy cherry or coating around the coffee bean 16

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Coffeeberry When the coffeeberry is harvested at the sub-ripe stage, it is rich in 4 polyphenol antioxidants: chlorogenic acid, condensed proanthocyanadins, quinic acid and ferulic acid Base unit of ferulic acid The coffee cherry extract has an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) between 15,000 and 17,500. 17

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Coffeeberry The coffeeberry has been shown to make one's skin smoother, even skin tone, and diminish the appearance of fine lines RevaleSkin coffeeberry products showed significant improvement in patients hyperpigmentation, fine lines, wrinkles, and overall appearance in Steifels double blind study 18

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Coffeeberry Thus, Steiffels Revaleskin is first-to-market with the wonderful benefits of coffeeberry, but expect many more companies to incorporate this valuable ingredient soon 19

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Sea Buckthorn Sea Buckthorn or Hippophae Rhamnoides is well known in China, Russia and Europe Small, bright orange berries Sea Buckthorn seed oil, unique for its omega-7 content, is fantastic for making hair and skin luxurious and shiny 20

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Sea Buckthorn The ancient Greeks used it as food for race horses, thus the botanical name Hippophae ("shiny horse") Cherished for centuries for their truly incredible healing and nutritive qualities, sea buckthorn is an essential part of the Indian Ayurveda, the Chinese Pharmacopeia, and the Tibetan Sibu Yidian written 800 A.D. 13 21

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Sea Buckthorn Sea Buckthorn berries have an extremely high content of : vitamin C carotenoids (pro-vitamin A) tocopherols (vitamin E) phylloquinone (vitamin K1) beta-sitosterol 22 fatty acids ( omega 3, 6, 7, 9) 36 kinds of flavonoids and phenols 190 varieties of bioactive substances 14 22

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Sea Buckthorn The fatty acid profile of Sea Buckthorn berry oil is remarkably rich in a rare monounsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid, or omega-7 Palmitoleic acid Sea buckthorn berry oil is similar to natural skin sebum lipids, and provides important healing and anti-aging benefits for problem skin 23

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Sea Buckthorn Sea Buckthorn oil is anti- inflammatory, anti-microbial, analgesic, and regenerative A 2005 Indian animal study found that the leaves promote wound healing secondary to increased antioxidant levels in the tissues as they heal 15 Sea Buckthorn oil has a long folk history for burns. A 2006 study of 151 burn patients found that the topical oil accelerated healing time and reduced swelling, weeping, redness and pain 16 24

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Sea Buckthorn In a 1999 study, dermatitis sufferers were given 5g (10 capsules) of Sea Buckthorn oil daily for four months, and their dermatitis improved significantly 17 Sea Buckthorn seed oil is already used to treat burns, rosacea, acne, and eczema, and is used in high-end European skin care lines 25

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Sea Buckthorn Already incorporating Sea Buckthorn oil in the U.S. are: Aubrey Organics' Sea Buckthorn Moisturizing Cream Aubrey Organics Rejuvenating Antioxidant Serum Weleda's Sea Buckthorn Body Oil Dr. Hauschka's Shampoo with Apricot and Sea Buckthorn 26

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Rooibos Tea Rooibos means red bush, a word given by the Dutch Afrikaaners to the plant, whose leaves turn a reddish color upon drying and fermentation Rooibos tea, the only natural source of the unique anti- allergenic polyphenol, aspalathin, is a naturally valuable treatment for sensitive dry skin in newborns and the elderly alike 27

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Rooibos Tea The Rooibos plant has a unique combination of anti- inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-allergic, and anti- bacterial properties Its effects have been shown to successfully treat sensitive, dry and problem skin types, and heal common skin ailments such as acne, allergies, eczema, and sunburn 18 28

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Rooibos Tea Rooibos tea contains polyphenol antioxidants, including flavonoids and that are potent free radical scavengers QUERCETIN LUTEOLIN Rooibos contains nine flavonoids which are responsible for most of its remarkable health benefits. Two of these are quercetin and luteolin 29

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Rooibos Tea Another flavonoid is chrysoeriol (luteolin 3'-methyl ether), known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties 19 CHRYSOERIOL Rooibos is the only natural source of the unique polyphenol, aspalathin which is known for its anti-allergic properties ASPALATHIN 30

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Rooibos Tea Studies show that Rooibos tea can protect against damage to all major components of cellular proteins, fats, and DNA and enhance the activity of certain important carcinogen- detoxifying enzymes in the liver 20 Rooibos tea may also play a vital role in the battle against photoaging and skin cancer 21 The in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies suggest that green tea polyphenols are photoprotective in nature, and can be used in the prevention of photoaging, melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers 22 31

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Evodia Rutaecarpa Evodia fruit, or Wu-shu-yu as it is known in China, is the small, reddish-purple fruit of the plant Evodia rutaecarpa. This tree is native to northern China and Korea. 32

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Evodia Rutaecarpa Powerfully fragrant, these small fruits smell pleasantly like concentrated black pepper The fruit, which is the part of the plant used in healing, is reddish when it appears in August and darkens to black by November 33

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Evodia Rutaecarpa Taken internally, evodia fruit is used to treat symptoms of abdominal distress and is also used as a painkiller. Various healers report that the fruit also has anti-inflammatory, anti- tumor, anti-viral, anti-mycobacterial, and astringent properties. 34

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Evodia Rutaecarpa Evodia, with its anti-inflammatory quinazoline alkaloids, significantly inhibits erythema in the skin after irradiation with UVB Yaroshs 2005 study found that a biomimetic mixture of Evodia fruit extract significantly inhibited erythema in the skin after irradiation with UVB 23 These effects can be attributed to the quinazoline alkaloids rutaecarpine, evodiamine, dehydroevodiamine, and evodin which have been shown to have in vivo anti-inflammatory activity 24, 25 Evodiamine 35

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Evodia Rutaecarpa 36 Evodia fruit is considered by herbalists to be slightly toxic, and pregnant women should not use evodia DERMAdoctor, with her Aint Misbehavin Medicated Emergency Acne Spot Treatment has already discovered the benefits of evodia as an astringent in the treatment of acne

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Acai Acai is from the acai palm, Euterpe oleraceae, indigenous to the rainforests of Brazil. Brazilians have used it for years to treat digestive and skin disorders Small, round, dark purple grape-like fruits about 1 in diameter packed full of antioxidants, amino acids and essential fatty acids; acai tastes like a vibrant blend of berries and chocolate. 37

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Acai Recently voted #1 superfood on Oprah 26 Acai is near the top of the antioxidant rankings or ORAC value of any food, with any ORAC of 20,000 27 An 38

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Acai Acai contains a remarkable concentration of antioxidants that help combat premature aging, with 10 times more antioxidants than red grapes, twice as much as blueberries, and 30 times the anthocyanins of red wine. Anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and other flavonoids in acai fight inflammation 29 39

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Acai Acai contains: Vitamins and minerals - promote skin cell health An almost perfect essential amino acid complex Oleic (omega 9) and linoleic (omega 6) fatty acids similar to olive oil - regenerates skin cell growth Phytosterols help to preserve collagen and skin tone 40

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Acai Acai is already used in: Borbas Age Defying Concentrate Freshs Sugar Acai Age-Delay Body Cream Skinceuticals NV Perricone Caution : Topical products should only contain a modest amount of aai, as a high concentration of it will stain the skin and hair 30 41

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Gogi Berries Gogi berries are bright orange-red, ellipsoid 1-2 cm long Gogi berries are sweet and taste like raisins 42

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Gogi Berries Gogi berries or Wolfberries come from China, Tibet and Mongolia Wolfberry is the most commonly used English name, while guq ( ) is the Chinese name for the berry producing plant. 43

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Gogi Berries Gogi berries have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for about 1900 years Since the 21 st century in the U.S., there has been rapidly growing recognition of gogi berries for their nutrient richness and antioxidant qualities 44

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Gogi Berries Gogi berries are believed to enhance immune system function, increase the lifespan, and improve circulation It is believed that Gogi berries have contributed to the freedom from diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease in the people of Asia who have been eating it 45

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Gogi Berries Gogi berries contain: Antioxidants- rated at the top of the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, or ORAC scale ( 20,200 units per 100 milligrams.) 31 Vitamin C - 500 x more by weight than an orange Carotenoids one of the richest food sources in the world 18 amino acids including all 8 essential amino acids 29 fatty acids 46

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Gogi Berries Functions of the building blocks of Gogi berries: Antioxidants: antiaging Antiinflammatory: calms rosacea symptoms of sensitivity, irritation, and redness Deep-cleansing, detoxifying & exfoliating 47

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Gogi Berries Gogi is already used in: Dr. Murad's Redness Therapy Pangea Organics deep-cleansing, mask 48

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Mangosteen Mangosteen is the exotic edible fruit of the Garcinia mangostana tree, a tropical tree that grows 20-80 feet tall. One of the best-tasting of all tropical fruits, sweet and tangy, with a peach flavor and texture Mangosteen also has a bright, energizing, uplifting aroma. 49

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Mangosteen 50 The fruit consists of the pericarp, a thick dark purple, smooth rind that encloses 4 to 8 triangular segments of snow-white, soft flesh Mangosteen grows widely throughout Southeast Asia Used in Thai folk medicine for the treatment of skin infections and wounds and to nourish the skin

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Mangosteen Mangosteen is known as "The Queen of all Fruit" because of its high content of powerful antioxidants, with an ORAC value of 20,000 Mangosteen peel consists of more xanthones than any other known source Xanthones have antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, including efficacy against Propionibacterium acnes and Staph aureus 32, 33 [ Xanthone 51

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Mangosteen Mangosteen has been commonly used in soap, acne, and anti- aging products in Asia for years In 2005-Martin Bauer North America introduced xanthosteen 3510 powder to use in cosmeceuticals 34 Companies using mangosteen as an ingredient include: Fresh brand Borbas Mangosteen Atomizer mist 52

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Orac Values 53 ACAIGOGI MANGOSTEENPOMEGRANATECOFFEE BERRY ORAC TE Per 100 mg 18,40020,20020,000 10, 500 16,000 From chart entitled Top Antioxidant Foods, on page 48 of Discovery of the Ultimate Superfood by Gary Young ND, Ronald Lawrence MD, PhD, Marc Schreuder; Essential Science Publishing; July 2005.

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Algae Green seaweed is believed to increase collagen and elastin production, and reduce the signs of aging, dark circles, spider veins, stretch marks, and cellulite Used in moisturizers and beauty products, red algae extract works as a binder and also has an anti-aging effect 35 Brown algae has been shown to control the signs of aging and cellulite 35 54

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Blue-Green Algae - Spirulina Spirulina is a single cell blue green algae that thrives in ponds This simple, one-celled plant is one of the main bases of the food chain and of life on this planet It is 65% protein, and contains over 100 vitamins, minerals, enzymes, chlorophyll, and essential fatty acids 55

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Blue-Green Algae - Spirulina Spirulina reduces the effects of aging and improves longevity, detoxifies the body, and boosts the immune system Spirulina is a primary source of beta-carotene on the planet 36 Beta-carotene protects the skin against photosensitivity to sunlight and is an antioxidant, protecting cells against harmful environmental elements 36 56

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Blue-Green Algae - Chlorella Chlorella is a green single- celled algae about the size of a red blood cell This life form emerged over 540 million years ago, and was the first form of plant with a well-defined nucleus 57

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Blue-Green Algae-Chlorella Chlorella is one of the most efficient foods on earth in using and concentrating sunshine, as shown by its high chlorophyll content and rapid reproduction Chlorella is a natural, pure, whole food with all the materials to support life 58

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Blue-Green Algae-Chlorella Chlorella has the highest known concentration of chlorophyll in any edible plant (2-3%) Chlorella reduces the effects of aging, detoxifies the body, and boosts the immune system Chlorophyll also aids in tissue repair and acts as an antioxidant 37 59

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Blue-Green Algae - Chlorella The chlorella growth factor (CGF) in the algae contains RNA, DNA, amino acids, vitamins and minerals CGF has been shown to enhance immunity, reduce viruses, inhibit cancer cell growth and increase normal cell renewal 38 60

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Blue-Green Algae - Chlorella 1% Chlorella shows a restructuring effect on the epidermis and dermis, thus making it an excellent firming ingredient 1% Chlorella significantly decreased the color and shape of stretch marks Chlorella is also able to help restructure scarred skin and aging skin tissue 39 61

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Blue-Green Algae - Chlorella 1% Chlorella also visibly decreased the redness of the vascular lesions, and improved the size and the color of the spider veins of trial patients Morvans study also showed that 1% Chlorella worked on dark circles, decreasing pigmentation 62 Thus, Morvan and VallTes findings illustrate that Chlorella is a useful cosmetic ingredient for anti-aging, dark circle, spider vein, anti- cellulite and anti-stretch mark products 40

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Red Algae In a number of studies the red algae polysaccharide shield surrounding the cell has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti- irritant, anti-oxidant, UV absorbance, and bio-lubricant properties Thus, the red algae polysaccharide is an active and selective barrier, accounting for its beneficial anti-aging effect in humans 41 63

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Red Algae The red algae polysaccharide is fully soluble in water and shows 60% solubility in ethanol, making it an excellent component for a broad base of cosmetic applications 64

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Brown Algae In Morvans study, Laminaria digitata brown seaweed extract increased basal cellular and mitochondrial respiration, activated mitochondria, increased ATP levels, and restored the protein synthesis by the aging skin cells Laminaria should be considered as an important anti-aging ingredient for cosmetics 43 65

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Algae Algae is only harvested at correct times of the year when the seaweed has a high mineral content Caution: algae contains iodine, a common allergen, so a warning should be printed on the label of any seaweed treatment 44 66

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Algae Algae-containing products include: Kerstin Florians Clarifying Spirulina Cleansing Gel Murads Refreshing Cleanser Pevonias Nymphea Seaweed Exfoliating Soap Bliss Serious Seaweed Cellulite Soap Peter Thomas Roths Rich Intensive Anti-Aging Crme SkinMedicas Dermal Repair 67

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PRICE COMPARISONS Pomegranate 90% Ellagic Acid Soy40% Isoflavones Coffeeberry 98% Chlorogenic Acid Sea Buckthorn 25% Flavones PRICE $60/Kg $65/kg $1900/kg $58/kg 68 Evodia 10% Evodiamine Acai 10% Vitamin C Gogi 40% Polysaccharide Spirulina PRICE $70/kg $28/kg $19/kg $10/kg

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69 Anti-inflammatory anti-oxidants are anti-aging Flavonoids, quinazolines, vitamin C, and xanthones found in plants are anti-inflammatory Pomegranate, soy, coffeeberry, sea buckthorn, rooibos, evodia, acai, gogi, mangosteen, and blue-green, red and brown algae all contain large amounts of these anti-oxidants and anti- inflammatory molecules These 12 natural plants have all been shown in clinical studies to reduce the signs of aging of the skin when applied topically

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Natural Anti-Aging Ingredients 70

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71 JEANETTE JACKNIN M.D. www.drjacknin.com jjacknin@cox.net (480) 577-3785 Please feel free to contact me with any questions about how your company can use these and other new ingredients

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References 1. Carl R. Thornfeldt, MDFAAD, Chronic inflammation is etiology of extrinsic aging, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 7(1), 78-82, March 2008 2. De Nigris F et al. Beneficial effects of pomegranate juice on oxidation- sensitive genes and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity at sites of perturbed shear stress. ProcNatl Acad Sci USA. 102, 13:4896-901, 2005, www.pnas.org 3. Seeram NP et al. In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotoic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid, and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. J Nutr Biochem. 16, 6:360-7, 2005. www.elsevier.com/locate/nutbio 72

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References 4. Mehta Re, Lansky EP. Breast cancer chemopreventive properties of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) fruit extracts in a mouse mammary organ culture. Eur J Cancer Prev.13, 4:345-8, 2004. 5. Lansky EP el al. Pomegranate ( Pumica granatum) pure chemicals show possible synergistic inhibition of human PC-3 prostate cancer cell invasion across Matrigel. Invest New Drugs.23, 2:121-2, 2005. 6. Aslam, MN, Lansky EP, et al. Pomegranate as a cosmeceutical source: pomegranate fractions promote proliferation and procollagen synthesis and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human skin cells, J Ethnopharmacol, 20,103(3): 311-318, 2006 73

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References 7. Carl R. Thornberg, Cosmeceuticals containing herbs: fact, fiction and future, Dermatol Surg.31(7 Pt 2):873-80, Jul 2005 8. Carl R Thornfeldt, M.D.FAAD, Chronic inflammation is etiology of extrinsic aging, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 7(1), 78-82, March 2008 9. Leslie Baumann, M.D., Botanical ingredients in cosmeceuticals. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, Nov 2007 10. Wei, H,. Photoprotective action of isoflavone genistein: models, mechanisms, and relevance to clinical dermatology,J Am Acad Dermatol. 39(2, pt.1):271- 272, 1998 74

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References 11. Wendy Lewis, Heres whats new in advanced skin care products, Cosmeceuticals Roundup. Sept. 2007. www.psp- interactive.com/issues/articles/2007-2009 12. Yu Sui Yuandanguibu et al., translated by Li Yongnian 1983, Si Bu Yi Dian. The Publishing House of Public Health, Beijing 13. Zhemin 1990., Advance and counter-measure on research and use of Sea Buckthorn in Russia., Hippophae 3 (3): 42-46 75

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References 14. Gupta A, Kumar R, Pal K, Banerjee PK, Sawhney RC., A preclinical study of the effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf extract on cutaneous wound healing in albino rats, Int J Low Extrem Wounds, 2005 Jun;4(2):88-92. 15. Karta Purkh Singh Khalsa, Save your skin with sea buckthorn, Better Nutrition, May, 2007 16. Karta Purkh Singh Khalsa, Save your skin with sea buckthorn, Better Nutrition, May, 2007 17. Carefair.com 76

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References 18. Unfermented rooibos tea: quantitative characterization of flavonoids by HPLC-UV and determination of the total antioxidant activity,J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 3;51(25):7472-4. 19. Modulation of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and oxidative status by rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and Honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia), green and black (Camellia sinensis) teas in rats, J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 31;51(27):8113-9. 20. Santa Barbara California.--Business Wire 22 Nov 2004. 21. Katiyar SK.. Skin photoprotection by green tea: antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disorder. 2003 Sep;3(3): 234-42. 77

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References 22. D.B. Yarosh et al, Anti-inflammatory activity in skin by biomimetic of Evodia rutaecarpa extract from traditional Chinese Medicine, Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology.2005.12.009 23. Moon TC, Murakami M, Kudo I, Son KH, Kim HP, Kang SS, et al. A new class of COX-2 inhibitor, rutaecarpine from Evodia rutaecarpa, Inflamm Res 1999;48:621-5. 24. Matsuda H. et al, Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of limonin isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa var. bodinieri. Planta Med 1998;64:339-42. 78

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References 25. Pitman, Simon Acai Berries Make Jump From Food to Skin Care, Cosmetics Design.com, Feb 5,2008. 26. Sandy, Acai Berry Anti-Aging Supplement Voted #1 Superfood on Oprah, Skincareblog.net, July 2, 2008 27. Schauss AG et al. Antioxidant capacity and other bioactivities of the freeze-dried. Amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae mart. (acai). Journ Agric Food Chem, 2006 Nov 1;54(22):8604-10. 28. Schauss AG et al, Phytochemical and nutrient composition of the freeze- dried amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae mart. (acai). Journ Agric Food Chem 2006 Nov 1;54(22):8598-603. 79

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References 29. Zevola, Nicki, Spotlight on Acai, Futurederm.com, Feb 2008. 30. Mactaggart, Gloria, Goji Berries are the Latest in Natural Skin Care, Ezine articles 31. Hoffman, Rhonda, Thai Go With Mangosteen, ArticlesBase.com, posted 6/19/2008 32. Krisdaphong, P. Ph.D., Dean, School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand, Garcinia Mangostana Extract Evaluated, Pacific-Asian Personal Care, November 2006 80

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References 33. Pitman, Simon, MB unveils potent mangosteen peel extract, Cosmeticsdesign.com, 4-Nov-2005 34. Skincare-news.com team, The Skinny on Seaweed, Skincare-news.com, Feb 1, 2008 35. Spirulina Pacifica, Chlorella-world.com 36. Wow - chlorella heals human tissue, essortment.com 37. What is chlorella ? chlorella.net 81

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References 38. Chlorella vulgaris Agelessskincare.net. 39. Morvan, Pierre-Yves, and Vallee, Romuald, Effects of Chlorella extract on skin, Asia-Pacific Personal Care, November 2007 40. Khaiat, Alain, Red Microalga Polysaccharide-An Active Shield, Asia-Pacific Personal Care, September 2007 41. Khaiat, Alain, Red Microalga Polysaccharide-An Active Shield, Asia-Pacific Personal Care, September 2007 82

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References 42. Morvan, Pierre-Yves and VallTe, Romuald, Phycojuvenine and skin cell respiration, Asia-Pacific Personal Care, November 2006 43. Skincare-news.com team, The Skinny on Seaweed, Skincare-news.com, Feb 1, 2008 83