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Jennifer FogartySpace Medicine Constellation Integration Lead
April 21, 2009
Operations to Research: Communication of Lessons Learned
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RequirementsDevelopment
ResearchHow can we do
better?
OperationsLessons learned!
VerificationWere requirements
met?
DesignHands-on
architecturalinvolvement
Requirements Integration
Negotiating project buy-in
Human/System Integration Process
3
Human Spaceflight Experience:The Long and the Short of it…
Characteristics of the Vehicle
Habitat Environment
Partial Gravity Exposure
Countermeasure Availability
Physiological, Medical, Environmental Data
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Selection and
Retention Standards
Prevention, Mitigation, or
Treatment
Pre-, In-, and Post-flight Monitoring
Reconditioning, Recovery, and Reassignment
4Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
Operational Approach
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Selection and Retention Standards
Screening for disease, medical history, preventive strategies
Prevention, Mitigation, or Treatment
In-flight countermeasures (exercise, nutrition, pharmaceuticals)
Pre-, In-, and Post-flight Monitoring
Establish degree of bone loss, skeletal muscle loss, magnitude of cardiovascular deconditioning, medical conditions, etc
Reconditioning, Recovery, and Reassignment
Post-flight training regimen, return to pre-flight baseline, and flight assignment
5Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
What do we mean by that?
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Apollo Program• Health Stabilization
Program
• Video monitoring
• Biosensor harness
– O2 and CO2 levels
– Temperature
– Vital statistics
• Metabolic expenditure during EVA
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Skylab Program• Data down-linking (12-
24 hours after experiment)
• Real-time biomedical research meetings
• In-flight medical unit
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Shuttle-Mir• 975 days on Mir, 7 astronauts
– Norman Thagard – 115– Shannon Lucid – 188– John Blaha – 128 – Jerry Linenger - 132– Mike Foale – 134– David Wolf – 145– Andy Thomas – 128
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Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
11 11
Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
International Space StationBMD % Change from Preflight
Expeditions 1-16 (n=20)
-30.0
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
LumbarSpine
FemoralNeck
Trochanter WholeBody
Heel Pelvis
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
0 300 600 900 1200 1500
Days-After-Landing
BM
D C
ha
ng
e (%
)
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
0 300 600 900 1200 1500
Days-After-Landing
BM
D C
ha
ng
e (%
)
PelvisLoss0=7.7% Recovery Half-life=97 d
Percent Change in Estimated VO2 Index from Pre-Flight Expeditions 1-16 (n=20)
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0-29 30-69 70-99 100-129 130-149 150+ R+4-7 R+30-35
% c
ha
ng
e f
rom
pre
-flig
ht
Medical Requirements collect physiological, medical and environmental data
Data can be used to assess the individual or the population
12 12
Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
International Space Station
TVIS
I-RED
CEVIS
ISS Exercise Hardware Availability Timeline
I-REDAssembly
EXP1 EXP2 EXP3 EXP4 EXP5 EXP6 EXP7 EXP8 EXP9
CEVIS Assembly
TVIS Assembly
restricted to arm ergometry
failing control panel
EXP10
SchRED
replaces I-RED
EXP12EXP11
10/00 09/0506/02 10/03 04/0510/0404/0311/0203/01 12/0108/01 04/04
EXP13 EXP14 EXP15 EXP16
03/06 09/06 04/07 10/07
CCC Installed
failed control panel; CCC
installed
DC power converter
failure
7th fwd stbd roller deteriorated
Incorrect thimble on new cord
T1 → T2iRED → SchRED → ARED
Constraints: Time; Money; Mass; Power; Volume
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Orion Support to ISS Missions
• Transport up to 6 crew members on Orion for crew rotation
• 210 day stay time• Emergency lifeboat for
entire ISS crew• Deliver pressurized
cargo for ISS resupply