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Kerri ProcidaPower Point Presentation

Upper Anatomy Extremities

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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Axial• neck • trunkAppendicular •upper limbs•lower limbsCranial• brain• within the axial cavityVertebral• spinal cord• within the axial cavityThoracic• organs are viscera• within the axial cavityAbdominopelvic• organs are viscera

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Frontal • Forms the anterior portion of the skull• Is one bone, grows in 2

parts•Includes:

• forehead• roof of nasal cavity• roofs of orbits• frontal sinuses

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• Includes:• cervical vertebrae (7)• thoracic vertebrae (12)• lumbar vertebrae (5)• sacrum • coccyx

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• Extends from skull to pelvis• Forms vertical axis• Composed of many bony parts called vertebrae• Separated by intervertebral discs• Connected by ligaments• Function is to support head and trunk

of body• Cervical curvature• Thoracic curvature• Lumbar curvature• Sacral curvature• Rib facets• Vertebra prominens

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• Triangular shape• Composed of five fused vertebrae• Located between hip bones• Forms the posterior wall• Includes:

• median sacral crest• posterior sacral foramina• posterior wall of pelvic

cavity• sacral promontory

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• Also called tailbone• Lowest part of vertebrae column• Variations of 3-5 • Attached by ligaments• Serves as attachment for muscles• Four fused vertebrae

• around age 25-30

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• Includes:• Ribs• Sternum

•Function:• Supports shoulder girdle and

upper limbs• Protects viscera• Role in breathing

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• True ribs (7)• False ribs (5)

• floating (2)

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• Also called breastbone• Midline in anterior portion of thoracic cage• Develops in 3 parts:

• upper manubrium• middle body• lower xiphoid

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• Also called shoulder girdle• Composed of 4 parts:

• clavicles (2)• scapulae (2)

• Supports upper limbs• Incomplete ring• Attachment for several muscles

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• Help hold shoulders in place• Very weak • Slender, rod-like bones• Elongated S-shapes• Located at base of neck• Provide attachments for muscles for:

• upper limbs• chest• back

• Articulate with scapulae (acromion process)•Articulate with manubrium

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• Divided into unequal parts by the spine • Supraspinous fossa (above spine)• Infraspinous fossa (below spine)

• Acromion process• Coracoid process• Glenoid cavity

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• Composed of:• Humerus• Radius• Ulna• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges

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• Head• 2 processes (provide attachments for muscle movement:

• Greater tubercle• Lesser tubercle

• Anatomical neck• Surgical neck• Deltoid tuberosity• Capitulum• Trochlea• Coronoid fossa• Olecranon fossa

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• Located on thumb side of forearm• Shorter then ulna• Radial notch

• allows rotation• Radial tuberosity

• attachment for muscle (biceps brachii)

• Styloid process• attachment for ligaments of wrist

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• Overlaps humerus• Trochlear notch

• wrench-like opening• Olecranon process

• above trochlear notch• attachment for muscle

(triceps brachii)• Coronoid process

• below trochlear notch• Styloid process

• distal end of ulna • attachment for ligaments of

wrist

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• Carpals (16)• trapezium• trapezoid• capitate• scaphoid• pisiform• triquetrum• hamate• lunate

• Metacarpals (10)• Phalanges (28)

• proximal phalanx• middle phalanx• distal phalanx

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• Consists of (2) hip bones• coxal bones• pelvic bones• innominate bones

• Supports trunk of body• Attachment for lower limbs• Sacrum, Coccyx, Pelvic Girdle• Protects:

• urinary bladder• distal end of large intestine• internal reproductive organs