Chapter 14

Energy Changes

Lesson 1: Energy

Key Vocabulary

1. Kinetic energy-

• The energy that an object has because of its motion

2. Potential energy-

Energy that is stored in an object

Lesson 14.1 Notes1. Energy that is stored in an object is potential

energy. 2. The energy of motion is kinetic energy. 3. Electrical energy can be used to run appliances. 4. Chemical energy is energy that is stored inside

matter (a form of potential energy). 5. Mechanical energy is energy an object has due to its

motion (a form of kinetic energy). 6. Light energy is energy that can be seen. 7. Sound energy is energy that can be heard. 8. Thermal energy is energy from heat.

Lesson 2: How Light Behaves

Key Vocabulary

3. reflection-Occurs when light waves bounce off a surface

4. refraction-Occurs when light waves bend as they pass from one material to another

2. prism-A substance that separates white light into colors

1. light-A form a energy that can be seen and travels in waves

Lesson 14.2 Notes:

1. Light is a form of energy that you can see and travels in waves.

2. The high point of a wave is called a crest.

3. The low point of a wave is called a trough.

4. The distance from one crest to the next crest is called the wavelength.

Properties of Light

Lesson 14.2 Notes:

1. Reflection- when light waves bounce off a surface

2. Refraction- when light waves pass through an object and are bent as they go through

3. Absorption-when light waves are taken into an object

4. Transmission- when light waves pass through an object

Behavior of Light

Lesson 14.2 Notes:

1. The color of an object depends on the color of light that it reflects.

2. White light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow.

3. ROY G. BIV- colors of the rainbow in order from the longest to the shortest wavelength.

Colors of Light

Lesson 3: Nature of Sound

Key Vocabulary

3. volume-The amplitude, or loudness, of a sound

4. pitch-How high or low a sound seems to a listener

2. vibration-Very fast back and forth movement of matter

1. sound-A form of energy produced by vibrations

Lesson 14.3 Notes1. Sound is produced by vibrations of matter. When a

material vibrates, it creates sound waves.

2. The energy of the sound wave and the distance the vibration object is from the listener are 2 factors that determine the volume of the sound.

3. Frequency is the number of crests and troughs produced in a given amount of time. Frequency determines pitch.

Sound

Lesson 14.3 Notes

1. Outer ear- part of the ear you can see; gathers sound waves from the air and funnels them to the eardrum.

2. Eardrum- thin flap of skin that vibrates when sound waves hit it.

3. Middle ear- contains 3 tiny bones that pick up vibrations from the eardrum.

4. Inner ear- has coiled tubes filled with fluid that vibrate causing nerve cells to send signals to the brain.

How You Hear Sound

Lesson 4: Thermal Energy

Key Vocabulary

2. convection-The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluids

1. conduction-The transfer of thermal energy from particle to particle between two objects that are touching

6. Thermal energy-The kinetic energy of moving particles of matter

3. heat-A measure of how much thermal energy is transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

5. temperature-The average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance

4. radiation-The transfer of thermal energy without matter

Lesson 14.4 Notes1. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of tiny moving particles

of matter. 2. The hotter a substance is, the faster its particles move. The

colder the substance, the slower its particles move. 3. Heat is a measure of how much thermal energy is transferred

from one substance to another. 4. Thermal energy is transferred by conduction, convection, or

radiation. 5. In conduction, 2 objects need to touch in order to share

thermal energy (ex- hot stove touching a pan).6. In convection, thermal energy is transferred in liquids and

gases (warm air rises, cooler air sinks). 7. In radiation, thermal energy is transferred by waves without

matter (ex- heat from the sun travels through space to Earth).

Thermal Energy