LAB – Skeletal System Objectives: Describe the organs of the skeletal system Describe the gross and microscopic structure of bone tissue List the primary functions of the skeletal system Name the two major divisions of the skeletal system Identify the major bones of the skeletal system (scientific/common names) __________ Classify a bone by its shape 210 Identify a foramen, a condyle, and a process Identify a cranial suture Identify cartilage, ligament, and tendon STATION 1: Chilly Junior Center (10 POINTS) Carefully examine and study “Chilly Junior”. When you are done with your studying, you should be able to identify and name the following. Check in with Mrs. Bailey! ___ Axial skeleton ___ Skull ___ Cranium ___ Frontal bone ___ Parietal bone ___ Temporal bone ___ Occipital bone ___ Superciliary arch ___ Supraorbital foramen ___ Infraorbital foramen ___ Maxilla ___ Mandible ___ Nasal bone ___ Lacrimal bone ___ Orbit ___ Zygomatic Bone ___ Foramen magnum ___ Mental foramen ___ Auditory ossicles ___ Hyoid bone ___ Vertebral column ___ Cervical vertebrae ___ Thoracic vertebrae ___ Lumbar vertebrae ___ Sacrum ___ Coccyx ___ Intervertebral disks ___ Pectoral girdle ___ Clavicle ___ Scapula ___ Rib cage ___ Manubrium ___ Sternum ___ Xiphoid process ___ True ribs ___ Floating ribs ___ False ribs ___ Costal cartilage ___ Pelvic girdle ___ Ilium ___ Ischium ___ Pubic Symphysis ___ Appendicular skeleton ___ Humerus ___ Radius ___ Ulna ___ Olecranon ___ Carpals ___ Metacarpals ___ Phalanges ___ Femur ___ Tibia ___ Fibula ___ Patella ___ Tarsals ___ Metatarsals STATION 2: Question Place (70 POINTS) Answer the following questions. (1 point each) Part A: 1. What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system? 2. The humerus and femur belong to the ___ skeleton. 3. The skull and vertebral column are a part of the ___ skeleton. 4. What are wormian bones? 5. What is the function of the foramen magnum? 6. What are the five sections of the vertebral column? Why is the vertebral column curved?
Transcript
LAB – Skeletal System
Objectives: ü Describe the organs of the skeletal system ü Describe the gross and microscopic structure of bone tissue ü List the primary functions of the skeletal system ü Name the two major divisions of the skeletal system ü Identify the major bones of the skeletal system (scientific/common names) __________ ü Classify a bone by its shape 210 ü Identify a foramen, a condyle, and a process ü Identify a cranial suture ü Identify cartilage, ligament, and tendon
STATION 1: Chilly Junior Center (10 POINTS) Carefully examine and study “Chilly Junior”. When you are done with your studying, you should be able to identify and name the following. Check in with Mrs. Bailey! ___ Axial skeleton ___ Skull ___ Cranium ___ Frontal bone ___ Parietal bone ___ Temporal bone ___ Occipital bone ___ Superciliary arch ___ Supraorbital foramen ___ Infraorbital foramen ___ Maxilla ___ Mandible ___ Nasal bone ___ Lacrimal bone ___ Orbit ___ Zygomatic Bone ___ Foramen magnum ___ Mental foramen ___ Auditory ossicles ___ Hyoid bone ___ Vertebral column ___ Cervical vertebrae ___ Thoracic vertebrae ___ Lumbar vertebrae ___ Sacrum ___ Coccyx ___ Intervertebral disks ___ Pectoral girdle ___ Clavicle ___ Scapula ___ Rib cage ___ Manubrium ___ Sternum ___ Xiphoid process ___ True ribs ___ Floating ribs ___ False ribs ___ Costal cartilage ___ Pelvic girdle ___ Ilium ___ Ischium ___ Pubic Symphysis ___ Appendicular skeleton ___ Humerus ___ Radius ___ Ulna ___ Olecranon ___ Carpals ___ Metacarpals ___ Phalanges ___ Femur ___ Tibia ___ Fibula ___ Patella ___ Tarsals ___ Metatarsals STATION 2: Question Place (70 POINTS) Answer the following questions. (1 point each) Part A: 1. What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system? 2. The humerus and femur belong to the ___ skeleton. 3. The skull and vertebral column are a part of the ___ skeleton. 4. What are wormian bones? 5. What is the function of the foramen magnum? 6. What are the five sections of the vertebral column? Why is the vertebral column curved?
Part B: Determine the name of the suture joint described. 7. Joins the parietal bones together. 8. Joins the frontal bone to the two parietal bones. Part C: Determine the name of the feature or marking described. 9. A hole in the sphenoid bone that allows the optic nerve to exit the eye orbit. 10. Same name for ridgelike processes on both the maxilla and mandible in which the teeth are embedded. 11. One of two holes on the anterior portion of the mandibular body. 12. This structure is formed by both the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. Part D: Use a directional term to complete each item correctly. 13. The frontal bone is ___ to the occipital bone. 14. The lacrimal bones are on the ___ margin of the orbits. 15. The mandible is mostly ___ to the maxilla. 16. The occipital condyles are ___ to the foramen magnum. 17. The coronoid process is ___ to the mandibular condyle. 18. The parietal bones are ___ to the frontal bone. 19. The coronal suture is ___ to the parietal bones. 20. The thoracic vertebrae are ___ to the lumbar vertebrae. Part E: Complete each statement with the appropriate term. 21. The first cervical vertebra is called C1, or ___. 22. The second cervical vertebra is called C2, or ___. 23. The inward curve of the lower back is referred to as ___ curvature. 24. All ribs articulate with ___. 25. Kyphosis is a condition in which the vertebral column is distorted, giving a person a humpback. This condition involves an exaggerated ___ curvature. 26. The superior portion of the sternum is called the ___. 27. The ___ ribs do not articulate, even indirectly, with the sternum. 28. The ___ ribs connect directly to the sternum. 29. ___ disks form a type of joint between the vertebrae. 30. The ___ is a horseshoe-‐shaped bone. Part F: What is the scientific name for the following common names? 31. Tailbone 32. Kneecap 33. Shoulder blade 34. Collar bone 35. Shin bone 36. Elbow 37. Cheek bone 38. Jaw bone Part G: Multiple Choice 39. Jeb accidently smashed his hand in a car door, breaking one of his bones. If the injury is near the middle of his palm, which type of bone must be involved? A. proximal phalanx B. metacarpal C. metatarsal D. distal phalanx E. carpal
40. The largest long bone of the upper extremities is the ___. A. humerus B. tibia C. femur D. ulna E. clavicle 41. The forearm contains the A. ulna B. tibia C. radius D. humerus E. A and B are correct F. A and C are correct 42. The large, proximal process of the ulna that forms the posterior “point” of the flexed elbow is the A. head B. styloid process C. trochlea D. olecranon E. radial tuberosity 43. While skiing in the Alps last winter, Laura fell and fractured her collarbone. To which bone(s) does the collarbone attach? A. scapula B. sternum C. floating rib D. A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are correct 44. The following bones comprise the lower leg. A. tibia B. radius C. ulna D. fibula E. A and D are correct 45. Which one of these is not a tarsal bone? A. calcaneus B. navicular C. cuneiform D. hamate E. talus Questions 46-‐50 are 5 points each: 46. For each of the following provide: a definition, a discussion of symptoms, and treatment options A. Mastoiditis B. Chondromalacia patellae
47. Explain the process of vertebroplasty.
48. Describe the following types of bone fractures: A. Open vs. closed B. Incomplete vs. complete C. Linear vs. Transverse vs. Oblique
49. Contrast the male & female pelvis.
50. What are fontanels? sutures?
STATION 3: Picture that Skull! (25 POINTS) Label the following diagrams: (1 point each) Skull 1
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Skull 3 Skull 4 STATION 4: ActiveBoard – Powerpoint: Quiz Yourself When you think you know the answers, click again to check! STATION 5: iPad APPS! STATION 6: Identify that Bone (10 POINTS) Name and classify each bone by shape. You may use your textbook, iPad, or other classroom resources. Check in with Mrs. Bailey! STATION 7: Don’t be Chicken! (10 POINTS) Pick up and rotate each chicken part. Examine carefully. Handle the chicken parts gently.
Locate the following: diaphysis, epiphysis, cancellous bone, compact bone, periosteum, articular cartilage, ligaments, tendon, muscle, vertebrae. Check in with Mrs. Bailey! STATION 8: Puzzle Place (10 POINTS) Complete Activity: Total Skeleton. Carefully glue your puzzle pieces onto the colored paper provided. NEATNESS COUNTS!
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STATION 9: Let’s Dig Deeper! (75 points) Download/Read “An Introduction to the Skeletal System and its Disorders” – Parts 1 and 2. Answer the following questions: (5 points each) 1. What are bones that develop in unusual places called? What can stimulate the development of osteoblasts in normal connective tissues? Provide several examples. 2. What is the difference between acromegaly and osteomalacia? 3. What is osteopetrosis? What does it result from? 4. List three inherited conditions that result in abnormal bone formation. Briefly describe each. 5. Describe techniques for inducing bone repair using bone. List any extra precautions that need to be taken. 6. What is an approach to stimulating bone growth and repair that doesn’t involve surgically inserting bone? 7. Why is it important for teenagers to take in an adequate amount of calcium? 8. Discuss the pathophysiology of osteomyelitis and Paget's disease. 9. What are the differences between kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis? Which out of the three is the most common? 10. What happens in a sprained ankle? When is a sprained ankle considered serious? 11. Who is most likely to have metatarsal injuries? 12. How can a clinician determine the location of the injured intervertebral disc? 13. What is an arthroscope and how has it improved surgery of joints? 14. Define degenerative disease and give an example. Define inflammatory disease and give an example. 15. Besides individuals over the age of sixty, who else suffers from a high frequency of hip fractures and dislocations.
