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Office of Transportation and Air Quality
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Lead Emissions fromPiston-Engine Powered Aircraft:
EPA Activities & Next Steps
For National Tribal Forum on Air Quality
Meredith Pedde
May 21, 2015
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
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Contents of this Presentation• Information on lead emissions from piston-engine
aircraft– Contribution of aircraft to lead inventory– Airports and potentially exposed population– Air quality modeling results for airport lead– Lead concentrations monitored near airports
• OTAQ & FAA responsibilities and activities
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Piston-engine Aircraft
Personal and goods transportation, instructional flying, business, air taxi, aerial application of fertilizers & pesticides, observation, tourism
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Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Lead: 2011 Emissions to Air, TonsPiston-engine Aircraft, 60%
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Metals in-dustrial pro-cessing; 140
Boilers & Process
Heaters; 87
Piston Aircraft ;
490
Other sources; 99
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Airports Servicing Piston-engine Aircraft
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3,600 general aviation airports aresignificant for national transportation
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Airports Servicing Piston-engine Aircraft on Tribal Land
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Approximately 1000 general aviation airports areon tribal land (not all are significant for national transportation)
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Example of Air Quality Model Results
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Most highly impacted zone:• 3-month average
concentrations are above background concentrations at a distance of up to ~500 meters downwind from the runway
• Millions of people live in close proximity to airports
• There are thousands of schools and recreational areas in close proximity to airports
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
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Lead Concentrations at Airports
Van N
uys (C
A)
Cente
nnial (
CO)
Deer Val
ley (A
Z)
Oakland
Cou
nty (M
I)
Brook
have
n (N
Y)
Mer
rill
Field
(AK)
Har
vey Fi
eld
(WA)
Aubur
n M
uni (
WA)
Pryor
Field
(AL)
Nan
tuck
et (M
A)
Palo
Alto (C
A)
Reid-
Hill
view
(CA)
Gilles
pie Fi
eld
(CA)
San
Carlo
s (C
A)
McC
lella
n-Pal
omar
(CA)
Stin
son
(TX)
Repub
lic (N
Y)0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Maximum 3-month Average Pb Concentrations*
ug/m3
Pb NAAQS Level: 0.15 ug/m3
Half the Pb NAAQS Level: Level above which additional monitoring is required beyond the 1-year study period
Deliberative Material*This is the form of the current Pb National Ambient Air Quality Standard
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
OTAQ’s Authority and Actions• The Clean Air Act gives us the authority to set emissions
standards if we find that lead emissions from aircraft contribute to air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health.– Developing nationwide estimates of lead concentrations near
airports– Conducting a demographic analysis of people living within 500
meters of all airports • Timing:
– Proposed endangerment finding in 2017 followed by public notice and comment.
– Final endangerment finding in 2018. 9
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
FAA Authority• The Clean Air Act requires us to consider emission standards
if we make a positive finding of endangerment.– FAA has regulatory authority of fuel composition for fuel that is used
exclusively in aircraft.
• We consult with FAA on aircraft emission standards– EPA shall not change emission standards if it would significantly
increase noise and adversely affect safety.– Regulation takes effect after the period of time determined necessary to
permit the development and application of the requisite technology, considering cost.
• FAA is evaluating fuels to identify unleaded alternatives– FAA is targeting 2018 to identify certifiable unleaded replacement fuel(s)
that meet safety, operability, and environmental requirements
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Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Additional Information• For more information on our aircraft lead work:
www.epa.gov/otaq/aviation.htm Inventory Technical Support Documents Petitions on lead emissions from piston aircraft Our ANPR, responses to petitions, Airport lead monitoring summaries
• For more information on FAA’s activities: www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/avgas
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