1 Legislation

7/31/2019 1 Legislation

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Keeping Electrical Switchgear Safe

Staff responsible for care, operation

maintenance of switchgear should receivetraining (or refresher courses) relevant to theduties that are required of them

This is particularly relevant to staff called upon to

operate switchgear and such staff should havecompetency at the authorised person level


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Keeping Electrical Switchgear Safe

Even where all operational and

maintenance work is contracted out, it ispreferable that there is sufficienttechnical knowledge within the companyto audit the practices of the contractors

and to handle abnormal situations thatwill inevitably arise on the premises.


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Nestle And MonotronicFined 245,000

Following Electrocution.

HSE Press Release - 03 June2003


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Nestle And Monotronic

Nestle were fined 220,000 on 30th May

2003 following a fatal accident in 1999 A contractor was electrocuted whilst

pulling redundant cables from trunking

in Nestles coffee factory in Hayes,Middlesex


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Nestle The HSE Inspector said that the

persons death could have beenavoided if Nestle had ensured itscontractors either followed or had inplace a safe system of work, similar to

the system Nestle managed for its ownemployees


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Monotronic

Monotronic were fined 25,000 for

breaching the H&S@WA by failing toensure the safety of its own employees


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HSE figures 2006/7

11 fatalities & 465 serious injuries as aresult of contact with electricity orelectrical discharge.


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HSE - Electricity at Work

Most electrical accidents occur because

people are working on or nearequipment that is:

Thought to be dead

Known to be live but those involved donthave adequate training or appropriateequipment, or they havent taken adequate

precautions


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Legislation


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Objectives Statute Law

Health and Safety at

Work, Etc. Act 1974 The Electricity at Work

Regs 1989

Management of H&S

@ Work Regs 1999 LOLER

Manual Handling Regs1992

Safety Signs & SignalsRegs 1996

COSHH The PPE at Work Regs

1992

The Confined Spaces

Regs 1997 Working at Heights

2005


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Statute Law

The written law of the land and consistsof: Acts of Parliament - Primary Legislation

HS@WA 1974

Regulations - Secondary Legislation Electricity at Work Regulations 1989

Approved Codes of Practice Application of CDM ACOP

Guidance Notes Keeping Electrical Switchgear Safe


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Levels of Duty

There are three levels or types of dutyimposed by the statute, only two of

these are relevant to our work: Absolute

Where the requirements must be metregardless of cost or any other consideration

Reasonably Practicable

Which means balancing the risks againstphysical difficulty, time, trouble and expense


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The Health and Safety at

Work Act 1974


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General Duties

There is an overriding duty on

employers to ensure so far asreasonably practicable, the health,safety and welfare of all their

employees.


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General Duties Additionally, the employer has to

ensure, as far as is reasonably

practicable: The provision and maintenance of Plant

and Systems of Work that are safe and

without risk to health The provision of information, instruction,

Training and Supervision as is necessaryto ensure health and safety at work


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General Duties Employees have the following duties:

To take reasonable care for their ownhealth and safety and that of otherpersons who may be effected by their actsand omissions at work.

To co-operate with their employer so faras is necessary to enable the employer tocomply with his legal duties.

Not to interfere with or misuse anythingprovided in the interests of health safetyand welfare.


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The Electricity at WorkRegulations 1989


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Regulation 3 Duty Holders

Employees are to co-operate withtheir employer so far as is necessaryto enable any duty placed upon thatemployer by the provisions of these

Regulations to be complied with. To comply with the provisions of the

Regulations so far as they relate to

matters which are within their control.


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Regulation 3 Duty Holders Directors and Managers

Designers of Systems and Components Designers of Systems of Work, Tools,

Safety Procedures

Designers of Organisation of Work Planners

Constructors

Operators, Maintainers, Supervisors


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Regulation 4

Systems and Work Activities

All electrical systems must be constructed andmaintained at all times to prevent danger, so faras is reasonably practicable

Every work activity, including operation, use and

maintenance of a system and work near a system,shall be carried out in such a manner as not togive rise, so far as is reasonably practicable, todanger


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Operation of Network

Training Network

ManagementProcedures

Operations

ManualSafetyRules


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Management Instructions

Local ManagementInstructions

Operation ofEA Ratcliffe

TrainingNetwork

AvoidingDanger fromUnderground

Services

Access ofHigh

Vehiclesand

Equipment

SafeSystems of

Work


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Safety Rules

High Voltage SafetyRules

GeneralProvisions

GeneralSafety

Definitions

SafetyPrecautionsfor Work onor Near HV

Systems

Proceduresfor Work onParticularApparatus

SafetyPrecautionsfor Live LineWork on HV

OHL

SafetyPrecautions

andProcedures

for Work onLV Systems

SafetyPrecautionsfor Testing

on HV

Apparatus

Responsibilitiesof Persons

Interpretationof Rules


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Electricity at Work Safe WorkingPractices

Safety rules Should set out principles and general practices

clearly and in a format that is compact enough forthe people involved to carry around with them

Detailed procedures for safe working on particularitems of equipment, or under particular

circumstances, should be the subject of separatedocuments, which should be readily availablewhen required


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Operations Manual

Network OperatingManual

SystemControl

AuthorisationProcedures

OperatingProcedures

Maintenance Administration


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Regulation 5

Strength and Capability of ElectricalEquipment

This Regulation does not allow anyelectrical equipment to be put into use

where its strength and capability may beexceeded and must not give rise to danger

The requirement is Absolute


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Fault Level The maximum amount of energy that

can flow into a fault. Influencing factorsinclude:

Circuit Impedance

Rotating Plant or Machines

The nature of supply from the DNO


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Fault Levels

Typical 1MVA, 11kV/440V Transformer

has a full load current of 52A Typical fault level on an 11kV system is

250MVA giving a prospective short

circuit value of 13,121A (13.1kA)

(18.4kA @ 350MVA on an 11kV system)


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What do the numbers mean?

A F1 Car produces 800HP at20,000rpm

1 HP = 746W therefore at 20,000

Revs an F1 car produces 597kW On an 11kV network with a fault level

of 250MVA this is equivalent to

(250MVA / 597kW) = 419 F1 Cars


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Fault Levels Fault level increases as system

impedance decreases 33kV Networks - 1000MVA

1675 F1 cars

132kV Networks - 3500MVA -5000 MVA

Between 5860 and 8375 F1 cars


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The PPE at Work Regulations 1992

PPE means all equipment

designed to be worn or heldby a person at work toprotect against one or more

risks, and any addition oraccessory designed to meetthis objective.


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Regulation 11 Means for Protecting From Excess of

Current

Efficient means, suitably located, shall beprovided for protecting from excess ofcurrent in every part of a system as may benecessary to prevent danger.

There is a need to anticipate excesscurrent; a fault or overload.

The requirement is Absolute.


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Regulation 12 Where necessary to prevent danger,

suitable means shall be available for cutting off the supply of electrical energy toany electrical equipment

the isolation of any electrical equipment


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Regulation 12

Isolation means the disconnection and

separation of the electrical equipmentfrom every source of electrical energy insuch a way that this disconnection and

separation is secure


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Regulation 13 Precautions for Work on Equipment

Made Dead

Covers the preferred system of work, thatis based upon equipment that has beenmade dead in order to prevent dangerwhilst work is carried out

Protection from equipment becomingcharged through Electro-magneticinduction or the accumulation of electricalcharge is necessary. The discharge oflatent energy is another requirement


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Regulation 13 Precautions for Work on Equipment Made Dead

It MAY be appropriate for safety isolation proceduresto be formalised in written instructions or house rules.Permits to work may form part of the written

procedures and their use is considered essential toensure a safe system of work where this involveswork on the conductors or equipment of high voltagepower distribution systems (typically where the

working voltage exceeds 1000 volts) or where thesystem is VERY complex. The duty holder must ensure that adequate safety

rules operate The rules are effectively owned by the duty

holder on behalf of the company


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Regulation 14

Work on or Near Live Conductors

This imposes an absolute duty

not to carry out work on or near

live electrical equipment unless itcan be properly justified by a

defined risk assessment


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Regulation 14

Risk Assessment must consider if:

i. It is unreasonable in thecircumstances for it to be dead

ii. It is reasonable to work live

iii. Suitable precautions are taken toprevent injury


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Regulation 16

Persons to Be Competent to Prevent

Danger and Injury

The object of the regulation is to ensurethat persons are not placed at risk due

to lack of skills on the part ofthemselves or others when dealing withelectrical equipment


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Regulation 16

Are persons competent to avoid

danger and injury? Do they have: Sufficient technical knowledge

Adequate training and awareness

Adequate experience Ability to recognise at all times whether it

is safe for work to continue Supervision where necessary


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Competent

Assessed and authorised in writing by

the company as having sufficienttechnical knowledge and or experienceto avoid Danger for the duties

authorised.


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Competency Assessmentand Authorisation


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Set Up Identify the duties and appropriate

authorisation levels

Determine the skills required to performthe duties

Develop an assessment criteria tomeasure the level of understanding forthe predetermined standard


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The MatrixA B C D E

5 SAP 2 ControlEngineer ForTrainingNetwork

4 SAP 1 IssuePTW IssueSFT UseofSpiking Gun

Use of TestEquipment

3 AP 2 11kVOperationsThroughControl Eng

ReceiveSFT IssueLOA

SuperviseLive LineTapping

SuperviseLive LineHot Stick

2 AP 1 L.V.OperationsSupervise

Long Objectin Proximity

to OHL

ConnectGenerator for

Alternativesupply

Live LineTapping Live LineHot Stick

1 CP Entry intoLVSwitchrooms

Entry into11kV

SubstationsSupervision

of aWorking Party

ReceiveLOAPTW

Entry into33/132kV

Substations


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The MatrixA B C D E




3 AP 2 11kVOperationsThroughControl Eng

ReceiveSFT IssueLOA

SuperviseLive Line

TappingSuperviseLive Line

Hot Stick



to OHL


Alternativesupply



Entry into11kV


of a

Working PartyReceive

LOA

PTWEntry into33/132kV

Substations


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Dependencies

A1 Entry into LV Switchrooms

B1 Entry into 11kV Substations D1 Receive LOA and PTW

A2 LV Operations

A3 11kV Operations through Control

B3 Receive SFT

C3 Issue LOA


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DependenciesA B C D E




3

AP 2 11kVOperations

ThroughControl Eng

Receive

SFTIssue

LOASuperviseLive LineTapping

SuperviseLive LineHot Stick



to OHL


Alternativesupply



Entry into11kV


of a

Working PartyReceive

LOA

PTWEntry into33/132kV

Substations


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Audit

Periodic safety audits of all Authorised

Persons Retention and audit of completed safety

documents


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Review Procedure

Authorisations should be reviewed

periodically and amended as necessary No set time period for refresher training

Dependent on frequency of skill

utilisation and experience HSE advise that it should be as

necessary to maintain competence


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Powers of Inspectors The right to enter premises, inspect,

investigate, examine, take measurements,

photographs, samples, articles or substances To have articles or substances dismantled or

subjected to test Require persons to give evidence

Require the production of, inspect or takecopies of any book, documents or registersrelevant to his authority

Issue Improvement Notices

Issue Prohibition Notices


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Penalties For an offence brought before a

Magistrates Court the maximum fine is

20,000 plus six months imprisonment+ 5,000 for each regulation breached

For an offence brought before a Crown

Court the fine can be unlimited and, forcertain offences, imprisonment up totwo years can be imposed


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Regulation 29 Defence

Regulation 29 only applies in

criminal proceedings. It provides adefence for a duty holder who canestablish that he took all reasonable

steps and exercised all duediligence to avoid committing anoffence under the absolute

regulations


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The Management of Health andSafety at Work Regulations 1999


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Regulation 3 Risk Assessment

Every employer shall make suitable and

sufficient assessment of the risks to the health and safety of his

employees to which they are exposedwhile they are at work; and

to persons not in his employment arisingout of or in connection with the conductby him of his undertaking,


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Method Statement A method statement should provide adequate

levels of information across all the elements

of the work, with regard to the hazardsidentified and the related risks, and howthese will be controlled through an agreedmethod and sequence of work activities by

identified personnel and plant/equipment

The detail given must be proportionate to thelevel of risk, and give or reference related risk

assessment


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Regulation 8 Procedures for serious and imminent

danger and for danger areas Every employer shall establish and where

necessary give effect to appropriateprocedures to be followed in the event ofserious and imminent danger to persons at

work in his undertaking Nominate sufficient employees to

implement those procedures

Restrict access to danger areas


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Regulation 13

Capabilities and Training

Employers should provide H&S training: Upon Recruitment

Change of employee responsibilities

New equipment or change in use of that

equipment New technology

New systems of work


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Regulation 13

Training should be repeated

Periodically where appropriate

Employers should review their employees

capabilities to carry out their work, as

necessary. If additional training, includingrefresher training, is needed it should beprovided.


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CompetencyStages of the

Individual

UnconsciousIncompetence

(Unaware ofLimitations)

Conscious

Incompetence(During training

anddevelopment)

ConsciousCompetence

(Trained andassessed ascompetent)

IndividualPresented withNew Task

(Not assessed ascompetent)

UnconsciousIncompetence

(Develops badhabits)

UnconsciousCompetence

(Develops goodhabits)


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General Regulations


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Control of Substances Hazardous toHealth Regulations 2002 (Revised

2005)


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COSHH

Prevent workplace disease from exposure tohazardous substances

Hazardous material is any material, mixtureor compound harmful to peoples health

There must be an assessment of health risks

and a selection of suitable control measures Suppliers material safety data sheet is not a

risk assessment. It is part of the informationrequired to make an assessment


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The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997

What is a confined space?

A confined space has two definingfeatures:

Such a space is substantially closed

There is a foreseeable risk from hazardoussubstances or conditions within the space ornearby


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The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997

The regulations require:

Identification of a confined space.

The work to be done outside wherereasonably practicable

Formal risk assessment Safe systems of work

Rescue arrangements

Training


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Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and

Dangerous Occurrences Regulations1995

Reporting of certain injuries, diseasesand dangerous occurrences so that themost serious injuries can be brought tothe attention of the enforcing authoritiesquickly.


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Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

Occurrences Regulations 1995

The Regulations require the following: When any person dies or suffers any major injury, or

where there is a dangerous occurrence as a result ofwork activities the responsible person must notify therelevant enforcing authority.

This must be done by the quickest practicable meansand a report must be sent within 10 days.

If the injury suffered is not classed as major but requiresan absence of more than three calendar days then onlya report alone is required


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The Lifting Operations Lifting

Equipment Regulations 1998

Applies to any item of equipment used

for lifting including accessories such aslifting hooks and eyebolts.

Accessories for lifting must be

thoroughly examined at least every sixmonths.


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The Lifting Operations Lifting Equipment

Regulations 1998

A written examination scheme shoulddevised.

Reports of thorough examinations andinspections should be kept available at

the place where the lifting equipment isto be used


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Safety Signs & Signals

Regulations 1996


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Prohibition Sign

Prohibition sign - a sign prohibiting

behaviour likely to increase or causedanger

POINT OFISOLATION

Do not interfere

Empower Training Services Limited

POINT OFISOLATION

Do not interfere

Empower Training Services Limited


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PERICOLOApparecchiaturain Tensione

PERICOLOApparecchiaturain Tensione

Warning Sign Warning sign - a sign giving warning of

a hazard or danger


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Mandatory Sign

Mandatory sign a sign prescribing

specific behaviour

Arc-protective

clothing must

be worn


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Safe Condition Safe condition sign a sign giving

information about a safe condition

CMECME


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The Work at HeightsRegulations 2005


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The Work at Heights Regulations 2005

What is work at heights?

Work in any place from which a personcould fall a distance liable to causepersonal injury

Includes

access and egress work at or below ground level;

but not stairways or slips or trips on the

level


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The Work at Heights Regulations 2005

53 deaths and 4000 major injuries fromfalls at work in 2004

Duty holders must: Avoid work at height whenever they can

Use work equipment or other measures to

prevent falls where they cannot avoid work Where they cannot eliminate the risk of a

fall, use work equipment or other measuresto minimise the distance and

consequences of a fall should one occur


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The Work at Heights Regulations 2005 Ladders and steps are not banned

But they should only be used when all

other safer alternatives for work at heighthave been ruled out

A risk assessment must show that the taskis low risk and of short duration, or that

there are site features that mean otherequipment is not appropriate. If so, laddersand steps can be used


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Common Law

Evolved over hundreds of years as a result

of decisions of courts and judges. Theaccumulation of common law cases hasresulted in a system of precedents ordecisions in previous cases which are

binding in future similar cases.

The burden of proof in common law casesrests with the claimant the injured party


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Employer vs Employee Claimant must prove that he/she was owed a

duty by whoever he/she is suing, that there

was a breach of that duty and as a result ofthat breach he/she suffered damage.

Defences could be that there was no

negligence, there was no duty owed, theaccident was the sole fault of the employee,the accident did not result from a lack of care,contributory negligence or that the employee

knowingly accepted the risk


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Damages Damages awarded depend upon:

Loss of a faculty

Permanent nature of an injury

Its effect on the ability to earn a living

The expenses incurred

The amount is decided by the judge and maybe reduced by a percentage if there is foundto be a contribution to the injury caused bythe claimants own negligence

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