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Local development in natural areas of EU:

Strengths and weaknesses.

Alessandra Antognelli,

CeSAR – University of Perugia, Italy

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Presentation is divided in two Presentation is divided in two partsparts

Presentation is divided in two Presentation is divided in two partsparts

1. EU Policies about sustainable development in natural areas

2. Perugia Province case studies about natural areas management

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1. EU Policies about sustainable development in natural areas

2. Perugia Province case studies about natural areas management

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The European Council of June 2006 adopted an ambitious and comprehensive renewed SDS for an enlarged EU. It builds on the

Gothenburg strategy of 2001 and is the result of an extensive review process that started in 2004.

EU Policies about sustainable developmentEU Policies about sustainable development““EU SDS”EU SDS”

The strategy sets overall objectives for seven key-priorities:1. Climate change and clean energy

2. Sustainable transport3. Sustainable consumption & production

4. Conservation and management of natural resources5. Public Health

6. Social inclusion, demography and migration7. Global poverty and sustainable development challenges

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In July 2009 the Commission adopted the 2009 Review of EU SDS Com (2009) 400 (“Mainstreaming

sustainable development in Eu policies”). It underlines that in recent years the EU has mainstreamed sustainable

development into a broad range of its policies.

Such as..

EU Policies about sustainable development

““EU SDS”EU SDS”

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EU Policies about sustainable development““EU SDS”EU SDS”

Rewised WasteWaste Framework Directive: important target within 2020

Natura 2000Natura 2000 (but network is still pending..)

WaterWater Framework Directive

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Forest ecosystemsForest ecosystems are stable, but increasingly exposed to climate change impacts (storms, fires, pests)

Integrated Maritime PolicyIntegrated Maritime Policy needs to establish how to ensure the long term sustainability and viability of fisheries.

Rural Development Policy Rural Development Policy helps us to achieve helps us to achieve valuable goals for our countryside and for the valuable goals for our countryside and for the people who live and work there.people who live and work there.

EU Policies about sustainable developmentEU Policies about sustainable development““EU SDS”EU SDS”

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..Rural ..Rural Europe..Europe..

Rural Development in the European Union- Statistical and economical information – Report 2009

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The OECD methodology is based on population density, (OECD, Creating rural indicators for shaping territorial policy, Paris, 1994). It is based on a two-step approach. First, local unitslocal units (e.g. municipalities) are identified as rural if their population density is below 150 inhabitants. Then regionsregions (e.g. NUTS 3 or NUTS 2), are classified in one of the 3 categories:

• Predominantly Rural region (PR)Predominantly Rural region (PR) : if more than 50% of the population of the region is living in rural communes (with less than 150 inhabitants / km2);

• Intermediate Region (IR)Intermediate Region (IR) : if 15% to 50% of the population of the region is living in rural local units;

• Predominantly Urban region (PU):Predominantly Urban region (PU): if less than 15% of the population of the region is living in rural local units.

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EU Policies about sustainable development “Rural Development Policy”

Regulation (EC) 1698/2005 about Rural Development Regulation (EC) 1698/2005 about Rural Development

Rural development policy is focused on 3 thematic axes:

1. improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector;

2. improving the environment and the countryside;

3. improving the quality of life in rural areas and encouraging

diversification of the rural economy.

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EU Policies about sustainable development “Rural Development Policy”

EU Policies about sustainable development “Rural Development Policy”

European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), can be utilized to help development in natural areasdevelopment in natural areas,

in particular measures under thematic axis n. 2: 211211 Natural handicap payments to farmers in mountain areas

212212 Payments to farmers in areas with handicaps, other than mountain ares

213213 Natura 2000 payments and payments linked to Directive 2000/60/EC

214214 Agri-environmental payments

215215 Animal welfare payments

216216 Support for non-productive investments

221221 First afforestation of agricultural land

222222 First estblishment of agroforestry systems on agricultural land

223223 First afforestation of non-agricultural land

224224 Natura 2000 payments

225225 Forest environment payments

226226 Restoring forestry potential and introducing prevention actions

227227 Support for non-productive investments

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Presentation is divided in two partsPresentation is divided in two partsPresentation is divided in two partsPresentation is divided in two parts

1. EU Policies about 1. EU Policies about sustainable sustainable development in natural development in natural areasareas

2. Perugia Province case studies about natural areas management

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Perugia Province case studiesPerugia Province case studies

..where is Perugia?

Population: 664523

Area: 6334 Sq.Km

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In Perugia province area there are many In Perugia province area there are many EU EU quality foodstuffs..quality foodstuffs..

•Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)•“Olio extravergine di Oliva Umbria”•“Farro di Monteleone”

•Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)•“Prosciutto di Norcia”•“Vitellone Bianco Appennino Centrale” •“Lenticchia di Castelluccio di Norcia”

All according to Regulation (EC) n. 510/2006!!All according to Regulation (EC) n. 510/2006!!

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..and 13 wines certificated according to the Regulation (EC) N. 1493/99Regulation (EC) N. 1493/99 (relating to quality wine produced in specified regions)

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Perugia Province case studiesPerugia Province case studies

Colfiorito Park (3,38 sq.km)Trasimeno Lake Park (Polvese Isle & La Valle Oasis) (132 sq.km)Monte Subasio Park (71 sq.km)Tevere River Park (6,5 sq.km)Monte Cucco Park (104,80 sq.km)Monti Sibillini National Park (178 sq.km)

Natural areas in Perugia Province..

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Perugia Province case studiesPerugia Province case studies

First case study: Trasimeno Lake Regional Park

Second case study: Monti Sibillini National Park

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Perugia Province case studies

First case study: Trasimeno Lake Regional Park

Second case study: Monti Sibillini National Park

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Natural heritage…

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Historical heritage…

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Agricultural activities …

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Eco-tourism…

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132 kmsq132 kmsq (of which 126 sq.km

water + 3 Isles + coastal areas)

TRASIMENTRASIMENO LAKE O LAKE PARKPARK

Natura 2000 sites:

-SCI: 128 sq.km-SPA: 145 sq.km

Regional Management

SMEs: agriculture, fishing and

tourism

Perugia Province case studies

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Perugia Province case studiesTrasimeno Lake Park

PopulationPopulation

density

(Pop/sq.km)

Natural population increase (%

’94-’04)

Natural growth

Rate

(‰)

Migratory growth Rate

(‰)

Trasimeno lake Park 75,6 + 8,9 4,6 32,5

Italy 194 +2,8 0,6 11,1

Arable land % Wooded area % Permanent grassland %

Trasimeno lake Park 42,52 41,1 9,5

Italy 55,5 18,6 25,9

Agricultural area by land useLow! High!

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Perugia Province case studiesTrasimeno Lake Park

Manufacturing

Construction Trade and Tourism

Other services

Trasimeno lake Park 0,4 34,6 46,4 18,6

Italy 0,3 28,6 45,7 25,4

% of SMEs by sector

Extra-hotels (B&B; agritourisms, etc)

Hotels

Trasimeno lake Park 2,57 0,08

Italy 0,01 6,6

N° of structures per kmq

High!

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Strengths Weaknesses-Richness of natural and cultural heritage

- Presence of folkloristic events-Good cooperation between local

municipalities-Presence of turistic structures

- Low water level: no tributaries and high competition between agriculture and

local use- Traditional agriculture (arable lands)

- Absence on integration between natural resource and economical operators

- Tourists flows fluctuation (it’s connected to water level !)

SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis

Opportunities Threats- Increasing interest for eco-tourism

(fishtourism)- Increasing interest for local traditions

(recipes; historical events,e tc)-Possibility to have also scolastic tourism

(summer camps)- Possibility to increase commercial value

of lake’s fish

- Population ageing- Competition between hunting lobby and

environmentalist lobby

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Perugia Province case studies

First case study: Trasimeno Lake Regional Park

Second case study: Monti Sibillini National Park

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Agricultural activities…

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Agricultural activities…

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Rural villages…

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EU Quality foodstuffs…

Protected Geographical

Indication (PGI)

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Total 700 sq.km (of which in Perugia

province 178 sq.km)178 sq.km)

SIBILLINI SIBILLINI PARKPARK

Natura 2000 sites:

-SCI: 188 sq.kmsq.km

-SPA: 176 sq.kmsq.km

National Management

SME development:

agriculture, tourism,

manufacturing

Perugia Province case studiesSibillini Park

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Perugia Province case studiesSibillini Park

PopulationPopulation density

(Pop/sq.km)

Natural population increase(%

’94-’04)

Natural growth Rate

(‰)

Migratory growth Rate

(‰)

Sibillini Park 14 -10 -8,0 7,7

Italy 194 +2,8 0,6 11,1

Agricultural area by land useArable land

%Wooded area

%Permanent grassland %

Sibillini Park 44,4 0,15 55,4

Italy 55,5 18,6 25,9

Low!

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Perugia Province case studiesSibillini Park

% of SMEs by sectorManufacturi

ngConstruction Trade and

Tourism Other

services

Sibillini Park 10,3 20,1 32,9 36,7

Italy 0,3 28,6 45,7 25,4

Extra-hotels (B&B; agritourisms, etc)

Hotels

Sibillini Park 0,09 0,02

Italy 0,01 6,6

N° of structures per kmqHigh!

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SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses-Richness of natural and cultural heritage- Integration between SMEs : agriculture,

manufacturing, tourism

- Typical farms products (Ham- Protected Geographical Indications!; truffle; cheese;

cereals)

-Depopulation of mountain side

-Population ageing

Opportunities Threats-Increasing interest for eco-tourism

-Possibility to increase railroad

- -Cultural isolation

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Conclusions

1. Natural areas/resources presence is notis not enough to increase local development

2. Local development is possible if SMEs (agriculture, craftsmanship, tourism) develop together

- Trasimeno lake Park has got an not-differentiated development

- Sibillini Park has got a local development connected to natural areas.

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Thank you for attention!Thank you for attention!

Alessandra AntognelliAlessandra Antognelli

Email: Email: antognelli@cesarweb.com

Skype contact: alessandra antognelliSkype contact: alessandra antognelli