1 LTC(P) Michael S. Bell, Ph.D., USA Strategic Concepts Branch, Strategy Division Directorate of...

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LTC(P) Michael S. Bell, Ph.D., USA Strategic Concepts Branch, Strategy DivisionDirectorate of Strategic Plans & Policy (J5)

The Joint Staff 4 March 2005

Strategic Overview, The National Defense

Strategy and

National Military Strategy of the United

States of America

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Overview

Provide an overview of current and emerging strategic guidance:

• National Security Strategy (NSS)

• National Defense Strategy (NDS)

• National Military Strategy (NMS)

Provide foundation for QDR analyses, studies, and roles and missions review

3

Elements of National Security Strategy 2002 •Built on America’s unique position in the world.•Shaped by the threat of global terrorism.•Focused on making the world not just safer but better:• Actively create conditions for long-term peace and global

prosperity.• Forestall or preempt hostile acts.

•Built on America’s unique position in the world.•Shaped by the threat of global terrorism.•Focused on making the world not just safer but better:• Actively create conditions for long-term peace and global

prosperity.• Forestall or preempt hostile acts.

•Political and Political and economic freedom;economic freedom;•Peaceful relations Peaceful relations with other states; with other states;

and and •Respect for human Respect for human

dignitydignity

National Security

GoalsNational Security

Goals

Means:Means:• DiplomacyDiplomacy• InformationInformation• Military Military • EconomicEconomic

Pillars:Pillars:• DevelopmentDevelopment• DiplomacyDiplomacy• DefenseDefense

Instruments of National Power and Influence

Instruments of National Power and Influence

Broad Approaches to Applying PowerBroad Approaches to Applying Power

• Champion human dignity;Champion human dignity;• Strengthen alliances to defeat global Strengthen alliances to defeat global

terrorism and prevent attacks; terrorism and prevent attacks; • Defuse regional conflicts; Defuse regional conflicts; • Prevent the threat of WMD; Prevent the threat of WMD; • Ignite global economic growth; Ignite global economic growth; • Expand the circle of development; Expand the circle of development; • Develop agendas for cooperative Develop agendas for cooperative

action;action;• Transform national security Transform national security

institutions. institutions.

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Presidential Direction and NSS Trends •“ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world”•Our world demands active approach–“evil is real” and “must be confronted” –“In the short-term we’ll defend ourselves by staying on the offensive. In the long-term we’ll work to spread liberty.”–“if we show any uncertainty or weakness in this decade, this world will drift toward tragedy”

•Shift in emphasis from 2002 NSS:–Defend: “defending the peace by taking the fight to the enemy”–Protect: “protecting the peace by working with friends and allies and international institutions to isolate and confront terrorists and outlaw regimes” – Iran, Syria, N. Korea–Extend: “extending the peace by supporting the rise of democracy…in the broader Middle East”

•Successes in Afghanistan and Iraq provide guide for future actions–“America’s military is one of the world’s greatest forces for good.”–“We’ll work to advance liberty in Afghanistan and Iraq, and elsewhere, and we’re going to prevail.”–Preemption and prevention: “we must take threats seriously before they fully materialize” – “no option can be taken off the table”

““The advance of freedom is the surest strategy to undermine the The advance of freedom is the surest strategy to undermine the appeal of terror in the world”appeal of terror in the world”

““The advance of freedom is the surest strategy to undermine the The advance of freedom is the surest strategy to undermine the appeal of terror in the world”appeal of terror in the world”

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DoD Functions

Functions defined in Federal Regulation:

• Support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic.

• Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest.

• Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 368, Section 3

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National Defense Strategy

EndsEnds

• Secure the United States from Secure the United States from direct attack; direct attack; • Secure strategic access and Secure strategic access and

retain global freedom of action; retain global freedom of action; • Strengthen alliances and Strengthen alliances and

partnerships; partnerships; • Establish favorable security Establish favorable security

conditions.conditions.

Defense ObjectivesDefense Objectives

MeansMeans

Forces sized, Forces sized, shaped, and shaped, and postured to postured to

support global support global operationsoperations

Implementation guidelines

•Active, layered defense

•Continuous transformation

•Capabilities-based approach

•Managing risks

Desired Attributes and Capabilities

Desired Attributes and Capabilities

WaysWaysKey Activities to

Focus EffortsKey Activities to

Focus Efforts

Security Environment

Complex combinations of four strategic challenges:• Traditional

• Irregular

•Catastrophic

•Disruptive

• Assure allies and Assure allies and friends.friends.• Dissuade potential Dissuade potential

adversaries.adversaries.• Deter aggression and Deter aggression and

counter coercion. counter coercion. • Defeat adversariesDefeat adversaries

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Force Planning Guidance

Force-Sizing Construct

Defend the U.S. HomelandDefend the U.S. Homeland

Operate in and from Four Forward

Regions to Assure, Dissuade, and Deter

Lesser ContingenciesLesser Contingencies

Force Generation CapabilityForce Generation Capability

W

O

T

Stab

ility Op

eration

sS

tability O

peratio

ns Win DecisiveWin Decisive

Swiftly Defeat Swiftly Defeat

Adversaries 1Adversaries 1

Swiftly Defeat Swiftly Defeat

Adversaries 2Adversaries 2

4444

1111

1111

2222

Basis for QDR analysis of Basis for QDR analysis of force requirements on the most likely, force requirements on the most likely, dangerous, & demanding circumstances.dangerous, & demanding circumstances.

• Determine capabilities required for a range of scenarios—force requirements from analysis of most likely, most dangerous, and most demanding circumstances.

• Tailored and increasingly rotational forward presence forces complemented by capabilities for prompt global action.

• Capable of surging forces into 2 separate theaters in 2 military campaigns that overlap in time—with potential for 1 win decisive level of effort.

•Operations related to the WOT span the construct.

• Stability operations integral part of campaigns—also lesser contingency or efforts of regional forces to control conflict.

• Force globally managed—no specified strategic reserve.

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Campaign Definitions

•Campaigns to “swiftly defeat” the efforts of adversaries are undertaken to achieve a circumscribed set of objectives aimed at altering an adversary’s unacceptable behavior or policies, swiftly denying an adversaries operational or strategic objectives, preventing attacks or uncontrolled conflict escalation, and/or rapidly re-establishing security conditions favorable to the United States and its partners. “Swiftly defeating” adversary efforts could include a range of military activities – from stability operations to major combat that will vary substantially in size and duration. Examples of “swift defeat” campaigns include Operation(s) Desert Storm and Allied Force.

•Campaigns to “win decisively” are undertaken to bring about fundamental, favorable change in a crisis region and create enduring results. They likely entail lengthy periods of both major combat and stability operations; require regime change, defense, or restoration; and will include significant investments of the nation’s resources and time. “Win decisive” campaigns will vary significantly in size and scope but will be among the most taxing scenarios. Examples of conclusive campaigns include Operation(s) Just Cause and Iraqi Freedom.

•Lesser Contingency Operations are undertaken to resolve or ameliorate particular crisis circumstances and typically describe operations more limited in scope and duration…

Based on objectives rather than anticipated level of effortBased on objectives rather than anticipated level of effortBased on objectives rather than anticipated level of effortBased on objectives rather than anticipated level of effort

1111

2222

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Combatant Commands

Department of Defense• Support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America against

all enemies, foreign and domestic.• Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the United

States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest.• Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the United States.

Services• Recruiting• Organizing• Supplying• Equipping (includes R&D)• Training• Servicing• Mobilizing• Demobilizing• Administering• Maintaining• Construction, outfitting, repair

equipment• Construction, maintenance,

repair of structures

32 CFR 368.6

• Deterring Attacks• Carry out assigned

missions/tasks• Assign tasks to subordinate

commands for unified action• Plan/execute military ops to

support NMS• Force protection/security for

command• Certify readiness of JTFHQ or

functional HQ staffs• Provide trained and ready joint

forces to other combatant commands

UCP 2004 and 32 CFR 368.5

Defense Agencies &

Field Activities

Functions are defined in DoD Directives for each Agency/Field Activity.

32 CFR 368.7; Listed in Enclosure 1 of DODD 5100.1

Functions of Major DoD Components

32 CFR 368.3

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National Military Strategy

Guided by CJCS Priorities

Win the War on Terrorism

Enhance Joint Warfighting

Transform the Force

EndsEnds

• Protect the United Protect the United States;States;

• Prevent conflict and Prevent conflict and surprise attack;surprise attack;• Prevail against Prevail against

adversariesadversaries

National Military Objectives

National Military Objectives

MeansMeans

• Implications of 1-4-2-1 Implications of 1-4-2-1 Force Planning Force Planning

ConstructConstruct• Capabilities to Achieve Capabilities to Achieve

Full Spectrum Full Spectrum Dominance…Today and Dominance…Today and

TomorrowTomorrow

Desired Joint Force Attributes

Joint Force Functions

WaysWays

Joint Operating, Joint Operating, Functional & Enabling Functional & Enabling

ConceptsConcepts

Integrated Force Employment Concepts

Integrated Force Employment Concepts

Military Missions and Tasks

Force DesignForce Size

Force DesignForce Size

Shaped by Strategic Principles

Decisive ForceStrategic Agility

Integrated Operations

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• Battlespace Preparation

• Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns

• Win Decisively to Achieve More Enduring Results

• Conduct Post-conflict Stability and Reconstruction Operations

The NMS: Military Objectives and Tasks Military Missions & Tasks

JOCs

Protect the United States


Prevent Conflict and

Surprise Attack


Surprise Attack

Prevail Against

Adversaries

Prevail Against

Adversaries

Military Objectives

Sizing Constraints

Defense Strategy

• 1- Defend the Homeland

• 4 – Operate in and from 4 Forward Regions

• 2 – Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns

• 1 – Win Decisive Campaign to Achieve Enduring Result

• Limited Lesser Contingencies

NSSStrategic Aim

Help Make the world not just safer, but betterHelp Make the world not just safer, but better

GoalsPolitical and Economic FreedomPolitical and Economic FreedomPeaceful Relations with other StatesPeaceful Relations with other StatesRespect for Human DignityRespect for Human Dignity

JOCs

JOCs

• Counter threats close to their source

• Protecting strategic approaches

• Defensive actions at home

• Support to civil authorities and consequence management

• Creating a global anti-terrorism environment

• Forward posture and presence

• Promote security

• Deterring aggression

• Prevent surprise attacks

• Eliminate safe havens

• Preempt in self-defense

Key ActivitiesAssure

DissuadeDeterDefeat

Objectives• Secure the U.S.

from direct attack • Secure strategic

access & retain global freedom of action • Strengthen

alliances and partnerships • Establish favorable

security conditions

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The NMS: Joint Functions & CapabilitiesApplying Force

Battlespace Shaping through Security Cooperation Activities and Exercises Preemptive Global Strike Counter Anti-Access & Area Denial Forward Deterrence, Flexible Deterrent Options (FDOs) and Strategic (including Nuclear)

Deterrence Land Control, Maritime/Littoral Control, Air Control, and Space Control Operations, and CIP Non-traditional Operations and Stability Operations Defend against Air and Missile Threats Interagency Interoperability Training Support to Civil Authorities & Consequence Management

Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities Forward Stationed, Rotational and Temporarily Deployed Capabilities Strategic Lift Force Generation & Management Logistics

Securing Battlespace Prevent WMD attacks Protection & Homeland Defense

Achieving Decision Superiority Battlespace Awareness and Persistent Surveillance Command & Control, Network Operations, intelligence sharing, and Interagency Coordination Network Operations and Strategic Communications

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Questions

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Executing the Strategy: Secure the U.S.Military Tasks

JOCs




Surprise Attack


Surprise Attack

Prevail Against

Adversaries

Prevail Against

Adversaries

Military Objectives

Sizing Constraints

Defense Strategy

Secure the

United States

Secure the

United States

Strategic Objective






NSSStrategic Aim



JOCs

JOCs












Key Activities

AssureDissuade

DeterDefeat

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Secure Strategic Access

Sizing Constraints

Key Activities

AssureDissuade

DeterDefeat

Strategic Objective






Military Objectives

NSSStrategic Aim



JOCs




Surprise Attack


Surprise Attack

Prevail Against

Adversaries

Prevail Against

Adversaries

JOCs

JOCs


















Military Tasks

Defense Strategy

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Strengthen Alliances and Partnerships

Sizing Constraints

Key Activities

AssureDissuade

DeterDefeat

Strategic Objective






Military Objectives

NSSStrategic Aim



JOCs




Surprise Attack


Surprise Attack

Prevail Against

Adversaries

Prevail Against

Adversaries

JOCs

JOCs












Strengthen Alliances

and Partnerships

Strengthen Alliances

and Partnerships

Military Tasks

Defense Strategy





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Establish Favorable Security Conditions

Sizing Constraints

Key Activities

AssureDissuade

DeterDefeat

Strategic Objective






Military Objectives

NSSStrategic Aim



JOCs




Surprise Attack


Surprise Attack

Prevail Against

Adversaries

Prevail Against

Adversaries

JOCs

JOCs
















Establish Favorable Security

Conditions

Establish Favorable Security

Conditions

Military Tasks

Defense Strategy

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The NMS: Executing the Strategy


—Active Defense in

Depth


—Active Defense in

Depth

Applying Force Land Control Operations and Critical Infrastructure

Protection (CIP) Maritime/Littoral Control Operations and Maritime

Interdiction Operations Defend against Air and Missile Threats and

Conduct Air Control Operations Space Control Operations Strategic Deterrence Interagency Interoperability Training Provide Support to Civil Authorities and

Consequence Management Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities

Force Generation Force Management Logistics

Securing Battlespace Protection Homeland Defense

Achieving Decision Superiority Battlespace Awareness Persistent Surveillance Command & Control and interagency cooperation Network Operations and intelligence sharing Strategic Communications (PA, IO)






Overarching Military Missions

& Tasks

National Military

Objective

Joint Functions and Capabilities

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& Tasks

National Military

Objective

Applying Force Battlespace Shaping through Security

Cooperation Activities and Exercises Preemptive Global Strike Forward Deterrence and Flexible Deterrent

Options (FDOs) Strategic (including Nuclear) Deterrence Land Control, Maritime/Littoral Control, Air

Control, and Space Control Operations Non-traditional Operations and Stability

Operations Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities

Forward Stationed, Rotational and Temporarily Deployed Capabilities

Strategic Lift Force Generation Force Management Logistics

Securing Battlespace Prevent WMD attacks Protection

Achieving Decision Superiority Battlespace Awareness Command & Control, Network Operations and

Interagency Coordination Strategic Communications (PA, IO)








Surprise Attack


Surprise Attack


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Applying Force Strategic Deterrence Non-traditional Operations Land, Maritime/Littoral, Air and Space Control

Operations Access & Area Denial Stability Operations Shaping & Security Cooperation

Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities Sustain Ongoing operations including Operation

Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom and the War on Terrorism.

Force Generation Force Management Logistics

Securing Battlespace Prevent WMD attacks Protection

Achieving Decision Superiority Battlespace Awareness Command & Control Network Operations Interagency Coordination Strategic Communications (PA, IO)





Prevail Against

Adversaries

Prevail Against

Adversaries


& Tasks

National Military

Objective


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The NMS: Military Objectives, Missions, Joint Functions & Capabilities

Military Missions & Tasks













Surprise Attack


Surprise Attack

Prevail Against

Adversaries

Prevail Against

Adversaries

National Military

Objectives







Applying Force Battlespace Shaping through Security Cooperation Activities

and Exercises Preemptive Global Strike Counter Anti-Access & Area Denial Forward Deterrence, Flexible Deterrent Options (FDOs) and

Strategic (including Nuclear) Deterrence Land Control, Maritime/Littoral Control, Air Control, and

Space Control Operations, and CIP Non-traditional Operations and Stability Operations Defend against Air and Missile Threats Interagency Interoperability Training Support to Civil Authorities & Consequence Management

Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities Forward Stationed, Rotational and Temporarily Deployed

Capabilities Strategic Lift Force Generation & Management Logistics

Securing Battlespace Prevent WMD attacks Protection & Homeland Defense

Achieving Decision Superiority Battlespace Awareness and Persistent Surveillance Command & Control, Network Operations, intelligence

sharing, and Interagency Coordination Network Operations and Strategic Communications

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DoD Agencies

• Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

• Defense Information Service Agency (DISA)

• Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA)

• Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)

• Defense Security Services (DSS)

• Defense Legal Services Agency (DLSA)

• Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)

• National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)

• Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)

• Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA)

• National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS)

• Missile Defense Agency (MDA)

• Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA)

• Defense Commissary Agency (DECA)

• Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS)

• Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA)

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DoD Field Activities

• Armed Forces Information Services (AFIS)

• Counterintelligence Field Activity (CIFA)

• Defense POW/MIA Office

• Defense Technology Security Administration (DTSA)

• DoD Education Activity (DoDEA)

• Office of Economic Adjustment

• TRICARE Management Activity (TMA)

• Washington Headquarters Services (WHS)

• DoD Human Resources Activity (DoDHRA)

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1 LTC(P) Michael S. Bell, Ph.D., USA Strategic Concepts Branch, Strategy Division Directorate of...

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