(1) Matter• Matter = Mass + Volume

• Atoms = Matter– You = Matter– Your Desk = Matter– Your Cells = Matter

(2) Bonding• Interaction of Valence Electrons.

– 2 or more unstable atoms– Unstable = Wrong # of Valence Electrons

• Share Valence Electrons = Covalent– Nonmetal + Nonmetal

• Lose / Steal Valence Electrons = Ionic– Metal + Nonmetal

(3) Carbon• Valence Electrons = 4

• Unstable Gain 4, or, Lose 4

• 4 possible bonds molecule formation

(4) Biological Elements• C = Carbon

• H = Hydrogen

• O = Oxygen

• N = Nitrogen

• P = Phosphorus

• S = Sulfur

(5) Biomolecules• Biomolecules = Organic = Carbon

• Types:– Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids

(6) Carbohydrates• Structure:

– C, H, O– Monomer = Monosaccharide– Polymer = Polysaccharide

• Function: Short term energy!

• Examples:– Food Fruits, Grains, Beans, Nuts– Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Starch, Cellulose

(7) Lipids• Structure:

– C, H, O– Monomer = Fatty Acids, Glycerols– Polymer = See Examples!

• Function:– Long Term Energy!– Cell Membranes– Chemical messaging + cell development

• Examples:– Food Oil, Fat, Dairy Products, Avocados, Nuts– Neutral Fats, Steroids & Hormones, Phospholipids

(8) Protein• Structure:

– C, H, O, N, and sometimes S– Monomer = Amino Acid– Polymer = Polypeptide

• Function:– Catalyze chemical reactions– Cellular structure – Protein = Visible DNA

• Examples:– Food Meat, Nuts, Beans, Dairy– Enzymes, Protein Channels

(9) Nucleic Acids• Structure:

– C, H, O, N, P– Monomer = Nucleotide– Polymer = See Examples!

• Function:– Code genetic information– Translate instructions Protein

• Examples:– Food Anything w/cells…. – DNA, RNA