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Metagora:
Current Progress and the Way Forward
PARIS21 Steering CommitteeParis, 13 November 2007
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A WIDESPREAD NEED FOR EVIDENCE-BASED
ASSESSMENT EMERGING WORLDWIDE
Huge demand for robust data and indicators
Many initiatives in different regions of the world were identified through a global survey and are being documented in the Metagora inventory, available on-line in: www.metagora.org.
Global initiatives to build indicators (WBI, UN-HCHR, etc.) Regional initiatives to set-up evidence-based monitoring
of democracy and governance National and local initiatives to measure specific human
rights and democratic governance issues.
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CAN HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE BE MEASURED?
By whom?
With which methods?
Under which conditions?
For which purposes?
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through several pilot national experiences carried out in different regions of the world in an interactive fashion.
These pilot experiences were willingly selected to address sensitive issues in real difficult environments and in different political, social and cultural contexts.
METAGORA FORMULATES A RESPONSE
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A Decentralized Laboratory
Content
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METHOD OF WORK
A bottom-up approach consisting of:
identifying with stakeholders national key issues for which evidence-based assessment could be policy relevant;
applying statistical methods adapted to the particular context;
assessing these methods for their capacity to provide policy-relevant results;
providing stakeholders with a shared knowledge on the policy issues at stake;
contributing to draw global lessons from the local pilot experiences.
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RESPONDING TO BASIC QUESTIONS
Can multidimensional human rights and democratic governance issues be measured through surveys?
Will people respond to sensitive questions? Will the gathered information be statistically
significant and politically relevant? Can official statistical agencies be involved? How to build rights-based indicators?
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LESSON 1
Measuring human rights and democratic governance is technically feasible and politically relevant.
Sensitive data on human rights, democracy and governance can be collected and analysed using statistical tools.
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Example: measuring irregularities, abuse of power and ill-treatment in Mexico City (Federal District)
Persons withoutabuse47 %
Persons with contact
24 %
Personswith
abuse53 %
Persons with non-physicalabuse93 %
Persons with physical
ill-treatment7 %
Incidence of contact with public security and procurement of justice authorities
Incidence ofabuse
Type ofabuse
Target population:persons aged 15 or more living in the Federal District
(6,400,000 persons)Reference period:
events occurred between November 2003 and October 2004
Measuring method:random sample household survey,
conducted through face-to-face interviews.Persons withoutcontact76 %
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Example: Non-physical abuse in contacts with law enforcement authorities
(Survey results correspond to 2,300,000 contacts experienced by 1,520,000 persons)
34 000
72 000
114 000
120 000
163 000
248 000
667 000
Were you threatened with hurt to your family?
Were you compelled to confess?
Were you threatened to be hurt?
Were you threatened in order to obtain a confession or some information?
Were you threatened with accusation on false grounds?
Were you insulted or humiliated?
Were you asked for money?
(Number of contacts per type of non-physical abuse)
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LESSON 2
On the basis of this information, indicators can be produced that are relevant and useful for political decision and action.
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Example: incidence of corruption within public agencies in Peru
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Po
lice
Ju
dic
iary
Min
. o
f A
gri
cu
ltu
re
Dir
. o
f M
igra
tio
ns
Mu
nic
ipa
l a
uth
ori
ty
Offic
e o
f A
rbitra
tio
n
an
d C
on
cilia
tio
n
FO
NC
OD
ES
ON
PE
JN
E
RE
NIE
C
%
National
Urban
Rural
Poor
Non poor
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Example: levels of corruption and civil servants’ wages in Antananarivo, Madagascar
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004
popu
latio
n vi
ctim
of c
orru
ptio
n
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
base 100 = 1995%
Level of corruption Civil servants real w ages (right scale)
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LESSON 4
Official Statistical Agencies can be efficiently involved in evidence-based assessment of human rights and democratic governance:
they can conduct surveys and produce relevant information, OR
they can provide advice and technical support to HRIs, governmental bodies and SCOs, OR
they can develop monitoring tools and mechanisms in collaboration and interaction with the civil society.
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Example: comparing expectations for and respect of democratic principles in French speaking Africa
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
Cotonou Ouaga Abidjan Bamako Niamey Dakar Lomé Tana
The six principles of democracy are:
Fundamental Respected
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Example: how important is democracy for people in Ecuador?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
no education primary school secondaryschool
highereducation
%
very important
important
little important
not at all important
don't know
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Example: measuring dimensions of democracy: are they fundamental? Are they respected?
Lomé
020406080
100
Free, transparentelections
Political freedom (rightto choose party)
Freedom of expression,of the press
Equality before the law
Freedom to travel
Religious freedom
Fundamental
Respected
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VALUE ADDED BY OFFICIAL STATISTICS
Data quality
Robustness of tools
Professional standards
Analytical potential
Time series
Inter-relational indicators
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TWO MAIN CRITERIA FOR DECIDING ON INVOLVING OR NOT OFFICIAL STATISTICS
LEGITIMACY
CAPACITY
Measuring human rights and/or democratic
governance MUST NOT endanger the
development of the national statistical system.
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COMPARING OFFICIAL STATISTICS WITHEXPERTS’ VIEWS
Appended Module to Regular Household Surveys conducted by National Statistical Offices in French Speaking Africa (35,600 persons interviewed; 4,500 for each capital city in average);*
Expert panel survey (“Mirror survey”) conducted by DIAL-France (246 persons surveyed; 30 experts for each country in average).
* In Madagascar, results are drawn from the 2003 survey.
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How far can we trust experts’ opinion ?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
%
General population (% of victimsof corruption from householdsurveys)
Expert panel (what they believecould be the percentage ofvictims of corruption)
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How far can we trust experts’ opinion ?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40%
General population (% whobelieves that making a bribe isacceptable)
Expert panel (what they thinkcould be the % of population whobelieves that giving a bribe isacceptable)
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ASSESSING ACHIEVEMENTS AND DRAWING
LESSONS
An independent panel of senior experts is monitoring the process and assessing the outcomes of the Metagora pilot experiences.
Experiences, problems encountered and lessons learned were documented in the form of on-line training materials aimed at facilitating the replication and extension of the pilot experiences in other countries and other contexts.
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METAGORA II (2007 – 2010) : building on the lessons of the pilot phase
Consolidating the working methods
Replicating and extending the pilot experiences
Enhancing the policy impact of the activities
Further enriching the methodology and tool box
Extending operations to developed countries
Handing over the lessons and tools to the international community
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Warm Thanks for Your Attention !