1

Molecular epidemiology of lyssaviruses in Eurasia

Dr Lorraine McElhinneyVeterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), UK

2

Previous Published Studies

Russian RABV phylogeny(Kuzmin et al 2004)

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

ESTONIA

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

BELARUS

UNITEDKINGDOM

IRELAND

GERMANYPOLAND

UKRAINE

MOLDOVA

CZECHREPUBLIC

AUSTRIA

SLOVAKIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

NETHERLANDS

FRANCE

LUXEMBOURG

SWITZERLAND

SPAIN

PORTUGAL ITALY

SLOVENIACROATIA

BOSNIA &HERZEGOVINA

SERBIA

BULGARIA

MACEDONIA

ALBANIA

GREECE

ANDORRA

MALTA

MONACO

VATICANCITY

SANMARINO

LIECHTENSTEIN

TURKEY

CYPRUS

GEORGIA

ARMENIA

BELGIUM

MONTENEGRO

West Russia

Russia Steppes & Kazakhstan

WE

EE

NEE

WE

EE

NEE

WE

EE

NEE

WEEE

NEE

CE

WEEE

NEE

WE

EE

NEE

CEWE

EE

NEE

WE

CE

WE

WE

SF

C

D

C

D

G

C

DG

WE

EE

NEE

CE

C

D

G

SF

TURKEY 1

CE GROUP

NEE GROUP

WE GROUP

EE GROUP

TURKEY 3

TURKEY 2

SERBIA FOX

D

D

C

C

C

C

C

D

East Europe

West Europe

Central Europe

Group C

Group D

Georgian

Serbia fox

North East Europe

European RABV phylogeny(McElhinney et al 2006)

Iranian RABV phylogeny(Nadin-Davis et al 2003)

European RABV phylogeny(Bourhy et al 1999)

Lyssavirus phylogeny(Badrane et al 2001)

Middle East RABV phylogeny(David et al 2007)

3

Reported Rabies Cases Serbia & Montenegro 1993-2005

Year

No.

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Total 82 46 118 110 98 103 113 152 245 218 232 202 371

Wildlife 53 25 100 81 67 72 84 112 185 182 184 163 264

Domestic 29 21 18 29 31 31 29 40 60 36 48 39 107

Rabies present only in the Northern Regions of Serbia prior to 1990’s (Sava, Danube)Rapid spread of rabies southwards at a rate of 20-50km/year since 1991

4

Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1971-1974 (n=8)

Foxes (n=7), Dog (n=1)

12

3

467

8

9

13

1415

1720

2122 24

29

30

SCSC = Sombor cluster

(5,10,11,12,16,18,19,23,25,26,27,2831)

32

8

1

2

3

4

7 5,6=

5

Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1976-1979 (n=33)

Foxes (n=25), Cats (n=4), Dog, Deer, Cow, Badger (n=1)

12

3

467

8

9

13

1415

1720

2122 24

29

30

SCSC = Sombor cluster

(5,10,11,12,16,18,19,23,25,26,27,2831)

32

12

3

467

8

9

13

1415

1720

2122 24

29

30

12

3

467

8

9

13

1415

1720

2122 24

29

30

SCSC = Sombor cluster

(5,10,11,12,16,18,19,23,25,26,27,2831)

32

SCSC = Sombor cluster

(5,10,11,12,16,18,19,23,25,26,27,2831)

32

6

Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1985-1986 (n=9)

Foxes (n=3), Dog (n=3), Cat, Horse and Cow (n=1)

2, 5

3, 4

1

68

79

7

Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1996-1998 (n=31)

Foxes (n=15), Cats (n=13), Dog (n=3)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1718

1920

21

2223

24

25

26

27

2829

3031

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1718

1920

21

2223

24

25

26

27

2829

3031

8

Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1999-2000 (n=66)

Foxes (n=28), Cats (n=20), Dogs (n=10), Cows (n=4), Horses (n=2), Deer, Goat (n=1)

1,8,18,46

2

3,38

4,11,33,40,

505,22

6,49

7,16,36,41,59

9,26,57

10

12,13,14

15

17

19,23,24,51

20

21,44

25,31

27,29

28

30

32

34,35,56

37,54

39,42

43,48

45

47

52,53,55,58

60

61

6263

64

65

66

1,8,18,46

2

3,38

4,11,33,40,

505,22

6,49

7,16,36,41,59

9,26,57

10

12,13,14

15

17

19,23,24,51

20

21,44

25,31

27,29

28

30

32

34,35,56

37,54

39,42

43,48

45

47

52,53,55,58

60

61

6263

64

65

66

1,8,18,46

2

3,38

4,11,33,40,

505,22

6,49

7,16,36,41,59

9,26,57

10

12,13,14

15

17

19,23,24,51

20

21,44

25,31

27,29

28

30

32

34,35,56

37,54

39,42

43,48

45

47

52,53,55,58

60

61

6263

64

65

66

2

3,38

4,11,33,40,

505,22

6,49

7,16,36,41,59

9,26,57

10

12,13,14

15

17

19,23,24,51

20

21,44

25,31

27,29

28

30

32

34,35,56

37,54

39,42

43,48

45

47

52,53,55,58

60

61

6263

64

65

66

9

Isolate DistributionCountry No of isolates 1970's 1980's 1990's 2000+Bosnia & Herzegovina 7 0 4 3 0Montenegro 11 1 0 1 9Serbia 129 40 5 44 40Total 147 41 9 48 49

147 virus isolates available for study

Dates range between 1972-2001

Varied Host species:

78 Foxes, 38 cats, 18 dogs, 13 othersAdditional published sequences obtained from Genbank Data Sources e.g.

Kissi et al (1992), Bourhy et al (1999)

Vanaga et al (2003), Nadin-Davis et al (2007)

David et al (2007)

10

Rabies Virus Genome

400bp

11

0.01

RV51 USA foxU22634

U22487U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336RV14204055DG

RV303RV277

RV61Africa3

U22627DQ837462

U22484CVS

TakamenU22637

9126MEXU22651

U22629DQ837474

U42705RV1185

Bulgfox02RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147

RV1162RV1151N

U42703RV1154

DQ837475RV202

DQ837408DQ837385

DQ837448DQ837383

DQ837411DQ837412

U22480U22482

DQ837443U43007

AY277576AF033879RV1334

RV259U42605

U42701AF033888RV860

U42708U43008

RV1189U42706

U22839U42994

U42713U42998

U43001RV1197

RV1198RV1223RV2028

AF033881RV1267

RV1308RV1538

RV1222RV1268

RV1240RV1257

RV1251RV1239RV1247

RV1243RV1188

RV905RV1168

RV1176RV1157

RV1161RV1202

RV1207RV1208

RV1209RV1255

RV1171RV1192

RV1266RV1184

RV1289RV1287

RV1196RV1292RV1339

RV1269RV1234

RV1272RV1274RV1244RV1230RV1237RV1214RV1227

RV341RV338

RVU22653AB178892

Thaidog63AB041968

AF374721RV108

RV167RV155

Africa 2Arctic

Arctic-likeAfrica 3Africa 4

Africa 1Japan

Turkey 1FRYBulgaria fox

Serbia fox

Turkey 2

Israel

Asia

American bat

NEE (Europe)SteppesCE (Europe)

WE (Europe)Bosnia/Montenegro

EE (Europe)

0.01

RV51 USA foxU22634

U22487U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336RV14204055DG

RV303RV277

RV61Africa3

U22627DQ837462

U22484CVS

TakamenU22637

9126MEXU22651

U22629DQ837474

U42705RV1185

Bulgfox02RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147

RV1162RV1151N

U42703RV1154

DQ837475RV202

DQ837408DQ837385

DQ837448DQ837383

DQ837411DQ837412

U22480U22482

DQ837443U43007

AY277576AF033879RV1334

RV259U42605

U42701AF033888RV860

U42708U43008

RV1189U42706

U22839U42994

U42713U42998

U43001RV1197

RV1198RV1223RV2028

AF033881RV1267

RV1308RV1538

RV1222RV1268

RV1240RV1257

RV1251RV1239RV1247

RV1243RV1188

RV905RV1168

RV1176RV1157

RV1161RV1202

RV1207RV1208

RV1209RV1255

RV1171RV1192

RV1266RV1184

RV1289RV1287

RV1196RV1292RV1339

RV1269RV1234

RV1272RV1274RV1244RV1230RV1237RV1214RV1227

RV341RV338

RVU22653AB178892

Thaidog63AB041968

AF374721RV108

RV167RV155

Africa 2Arctic

Arctic-likeAfrica 3Africa 4

Africa 1Japan

Turkey 1FRYBulgaria fox

Serbia fox

Turkey 2

Israel

Asia

American bat

NEE (Europe)SteppesCE (Europe)

WE (Europe)Bosnia/Montenegro

EE (Europe)

0.010.01

RV51 USA foxU22634

U22487U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336RV14204055DG

RV303RV277

RV61Africa3

U22627DQ837462

U22484CVS

TakamenU22637

9126MEXU22651

U22629DQ837474

U42705RV1185

Bulgfox02RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147

RV1162RV1151N

U42703RV1154

DQ837475RV202

DQ837408DQ837385

DQ837448DQ837383

DQ837411DQ837412

U22480U22482

DQ837443U43007

AY277576AF033879RV1334

RV259U42605

U42701AF033888RV860

U42708U43008

RV1189U42706

U22839U42994

U42713U42998

U43001RV1197

RV1198RV1223RV2028

AF033881RV1267

RV1308RV1538

RV1222RV1268

RV1240RV1257

RV1251RV1239RV1247

RV1243RV1188

RV905RV1168

RV1176RV1157

RV1161RV1202

RV1207RV1208

RV1209RV1255

RV1171RV1192

RV1266RV1184

RV1289RV1287

RV1196RV1292RV1339

RV1269RV1234

RV1272RV1274RV1244RV1230RV1237RV1214RV1227

RV341RV338

RVU22653AB178892

Thaidog63AB041968

AF374721RV108

RV167RV155

RV1289RV1287

RV1196RV1292RV1339

RV1269RV1234

RV1272RV1274RV1244RV1230RV1237RV1214RV1227

RV341RV338

RVU22653AB178892

Thaidog63AB041968

AF374721RV108

RV167RV155

Africa 2Arctic

Arctic-likeAfrica 3Africa 4

Africa 1Japan

Turkey 1FRYBulgaria fox

Serbia fox

Turkey 2

Israel

Asia

American bat

NEE (Europe)SteppesCE (Europe)

WE (Europe)Bosnia/Montenegro

EE (Europe)

Phylogenetic Tree (N400bp)

12

Isolates belonging to WE Group

0.01

RV51 USA fox U22634

U22487 U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336 RV1420

4055DG RV303

RV277 RV61

Africa3 U22627

DQ837462 U22484

CVS Takamen

U22637 9126MEX

U22651 U22629

DQ 837474 U42705

RV1185 Bulgfox02

RV1194 RV1219

RV1211 RV1153

RV1147 RV1162 RV1151N

U42703 RV1154

DQ837475 RV202

DQ837408 DQ837385

DQ837448 DQ837383

DQ837411 DQ837412

U22480 U22482

DQ837443 U43007

AY277576 AF033879 RV1334

RV259 U42 605

U42701 AF033888

RV860 U42708

U43008 RV1189

U42706 U22839 U42994

U42713 U42998

U43001 RV1197

RV1198 RV1223 RV2028

AF033881 RV1267

RV1308 RV1538

RV1222 RV1268

RV1240 RV1257

RV1251 RV1239 RV1247

RV1243 RV1188

RV905 RV1168

R V1176 RV1157

RV1161 RV1202

RV1207 RV1208

RV1209 RV1255

RV1171 RV1192

RV1266 RV1184

RV1289 RV1287

RV1196 RV1292 RV1339

RV1269 RV1234

RV1272 RV1274 RV1244 RV1230 RV1237 RV1214 RV1227

RV341 RV338

RVU22653 AB178892

Thaidog63 AB0 41968

AF374721 RV108

RV167 RV155

RV860 (CZECH)AF033888 (POL)

U42994 (GER)

U42706 (BOSNIA 1986)RV1189 (N=6, BOSNIA 1986, MONT 1999-2000)

U43008 (SLOV)U42708 (AUS)

U42605 (FRA)U42701 (GER)

U22839 (SCG)

U42713 (BEL)

7270

97

74

0.01

0.01

RV51 USA fox U22634

U22487 U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336 RV1420

4055DG RV303

RV277 RV61

Africa3 U22627

DQ837462 U22484

CVS Takamen

U22637 9126MEX

U22651 U22629

DQ 837474 U42705

RV1185 Bulgfox02

RV1194 RV1219

RV1211 RV1153

RV1147 RV1162 RV1151N

U42703 RV1154

DQ837475 RV202

DQ837408 DQ837385

DQ837448 DQ837383

DQ837411 DQ837412

U22480 U22482

DQ837443 U43007

AY277576 AF033879 RV1334

RV259 U42 605

U42701 AF033888

RV860 U42708

U43008 RV1189

U42706 U22839 U42994

U42713 U42998

U43001 RV1197

RV1198 RV1223 RV2028

AF033881 RV1267

RV1308 RV1538

RV1222 RV1268

RV1240 RV1257

RV1251 RV1239 RV1247

RV1243 RV1188

RV905 RV1168

R V1176 RV1157

RV1161 RV1202

RV1207 RV1208

RV1209 RV1255

RV1171 RV1192

RV1266 RV1184

RV1289 RV1287

RV1196 RV1292 RV1339

RV1269 RV1234

RV1272 RV1274 RV1244 RV1230 RV1237 RV1214 RV1227

RV341 RV338

RVU22653 AB178892

Thaidog63 AB0 41968

AF374721 RV108

RV167 RV155

RV860 (CZECH)AF033888 (POL)

U42994 (GER)

U42706 (BOSNIA 1986)RV1189 (N=6, BOSNIA 1986, MONT 1999-2000)

U43008 (SLOV)U42708 (AUS)

U42605 (FRA)U42701 (GER)

U22839 (SCG)

U42713 (BEL)

7270

97

74

0.010.01

CE

13

0.01

RV51 USA fox U22634

U22487 U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336 RV1420

4055DG RV303

RV277 RV61

Africa3 U22627

DQ837462 U22484

CVS Takamen

U22637 9126MEX U22651

U22629 DQ 837474

U42705 RV1185

Bulgfox02 RV1194

RV1219 RV1211

RV1153 RV1147

RV1162 RV1151N

U42703 RV1154

DQ837475 RV202

DQ837408 DQ837385

DQ837448 DQ837383

DQ837411 DQ837412

U22480 U22482

DQ837443 U43007

AY277576 AF033879 RV1334

RV259 U42 605

U42701 AF033888

RV860 U42708

U43008 RV1189

U42706 U22839 U42994

U42713 U42998

U43001 RV1197

RV1198 RV1223 RV2028

AF033881 RV1267

RV1308 RV1538

RV1222 RV1268

RV1240 RV1257

RV1251 RV1239 RV1247

RV1243 RV1188

RV905 RV1168

R V1176 RV1157

RV1161 RV1202

RV1207 RV1208

RV1209 RV1255

RV1171 RV1192

RV1266 RV1184

RV1289 RV1287

RV1196 RV1292 RV1339

RV1269 RV1234

RV1272 RV1274 RV1244 RV1230 RV1237 RV1214 RV1227

RV341 RV338

RVU22653 AB178892

Thaidog63 AB0 41968

AF374721 RV108

RV167 RV155

Northern SerbiaDog, cat, fox, deer

1999-2000

Austria Dog 2001 ex Belgrade

Northern SerbiaDog, cat, fox1977-2001

U42998U43001

RV1197RV1198

RV1223RV2028

AF033881RV1267

RV1308RV1538

RV1222RV1268

RV1240RV1257

RV1251RV1239RV1247

RV1243RV1188

RV905RV1168

RV1176RV1157

RV1161RV1202

RV1207RV1208

RV1209RV1255

RV1171RV1192

RV1266RV1184

RV1289RV1287

RV1196RV1292RV1339

RV1269RV1234

RV1272RV1274RV1244RV1230RV1237RV1214RV1227

Hungary, Bosnia, Serbia,Montenegro, Poland, Czech Rep

Dog, cat, fox, horse, cattle1986-2006

73

70

0.01

RV51 USA fox U22634

U22487 U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336 RV1420

4055DG RV303

RV277 RV61

Africa3 U22627

DQ837462 U22484

CVS Takamen

U22637 9126MEX U22651

U22629 DQ 837474

U42705 RV1185

Bulgfox02 RV1194

RV1219 RV1211

RV1153 RV1147

RV1162 RV1151N

U42703 RV1154

DQ837475 RV202

DQ837408 DQ837385

DQ837448 DQ837383

DQ837411 DQ837412

U22480 U22482

DQ837443 U43007

AY277576 AF033879 RV1334

RV259 U42 605

U42701 AF033888

RV860 U42708

U43008 RV1189

U42706 U22839 U42994

U42713 U42998

U43001 RV1197

RV1198 RV1223 RV2028

AF033881 RV1267

RV1308 RV1538

RV1222 RV1268

RV1240 RV1257

RV1251 RV1239 RV1247

RV1243 RV1188

RV905 RV1168

R V1176 RV1157

RV1161 RV1202

RV1207 RV1208

RV1209 RV1255

RV1171 RV1192

RV1266 RV1184

RV1289 RV1287

RV1196 RV1292 RV1339

RV1269 RV1234

RV1272 RV1274 RV1244 RV1230 RV1237 RV1214 RV1227

RV341 RV338

RVU22653 AB178892

Thaidog63 AB0 41968

AF374721 RV108

RV167 RV155

Northern SerbiaDog, cat, fox, deer

1999-2000

Austria Dog 2001 ex Belgrade

Northern SerbiaDog, cat, fox1977-2001

U42998U43001

RV1197RV1198

RV1223RV2028

AF033881RV1267

RV1308RV1538

RV1222RV1268

RV1240RV1257

RV1251RV1239RV1247

RV1243RV1188

RV905RV1168

RV1176RV1157

RV1161RV1202

RV1207RV1208

RV1209RV1255

RV1171RV1192

RV1266RV1184

RV1289RV1287

RV1196RV1292RV1339

RV1269RV1234

RV1272RV1274RV1244RV1230RV1237RV1214RV1227

Hungary, Bosnia, Serbia,Montenegro, Poland, Czech Rep

Dog, cat, fox, horse, cattle1986-2006

73

70

Isolates belonging to EE Group

14

Isolates Closest to Middle East Group

0.01

RV51 USA fox U22634

U22487 U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336 RV1420

4055DG RV303

RV277 RV61

Africa3 U22627

DQ837462 U22484

CVS Takamen

U22637 9126MEX U22651

U22629 DQ 837474

U42705 RV1185

Bulgfox02 RV1194

RV1219 RV1211

RV1153 RV1147

RV1162 RV1151N

U42703 RV1154

DQ837475 RV202

DQ837408 DQ837385

DQ837448 DQ837383

DQ837411 DQ837412

U22480 U22482

DQ837443 U43007

AY277576 AF033879 RV1334

RV259 U42 605

U42701 AF033888

RV860 U42708

U43008 RV1189

U42706 U22839 U42994

U42713 U42998

U43001 RV1197

RV1198 RV1223 RV2028

AF033881 RV1267

RV1308 RV1538

RV1222 RV1268

RV1240 RV1257

RV1251 RV1239 RV1247

RV1243 RV1188

RV905 RV1168

R V1176 RV1157

RV1161 RV1202

RV1207 RV1208

RV1209 RV1255

RV1171 RV1192

RV1266 RV1184

RV1289 RV1287

RV1196 RV1292 RV1339

RV1269 RV1234

RV1272 RV1274 RV1244 RV1230 RV1237 RV1214 RV1227

RV341 RV338

RVU22653 AB178892

Thaidog63 AB0 41968

AF374721 RV108

RV167 RV155

U22629DQ 837474

U42705 SCG Cow 1981RV1185 Montenegro Cow 1978

Bulgaria fox 2002RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147

RV1162RV1151N

U42703RV1154

DQ837475RV202

DQ837408DQ837385

DQ837448DQ837383

DQ837411DQ837412

U22480U22482

DQ837443

0.01

FRY

Serbia fox

Turkey 2

Israel

Turkey 1

0.01

RV51 USA fox U22634

U22487 U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336 RV1420

4055DG RV303

RV277 RV61

Africa3 U22627

DQ837462 U22484

CVS Takamen

U22637 9126MEX U22651

U22629 DQ 837474

U42705 RV1185

Bulgfox02 RV1194

RV1219 RV1211

RV1153 RV1147

RV1162 RV1151N

U42703 RV1154

DQ837475 RV202

DQ837408 DQ837385

DQ837448 DQ837383

DQ837411 DQ837412

U22480 U22482

DQ837443 U43007

AY277576 AF033879 RV1334

RV259 U42 605

U42701 AF033888

RV860 U42708

U43008 RV1189

U42706 U22839 U42994

U42713 U42998

U43001 RV1197

RV1198 RV1223 RV2028

AF033881 RV1267

RV1308 RV1538

RV1222 RV1268

RV1240 RV1257

RV1251 RV1239 RV1247

RV1243 RV1188

RV905 RV1168

R V1176 RV1157

RV1161 RV1202

RV1207 RV1208

RV1209 RV1255

RV1171 RV1192

RV1266 RV1184

RV1289 RV1287

RV1196 RV1292 RV1339

RV1269 RV1234

RV1272 RV1274 RV1244 RV1230 RV1237 RV1214 RV1227

RV341 RV338

RVU22653 AB178892

Thaidog63 AB0 41968

AF374721 RV108

RV167 RV155

U22629DQ 837474

U42705 SCG Cow 1981RV1185 Montenegro Cow 1978

Bulgaria fox 2002RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147

RV1162RV1151N

U42703RV1154

DQ837475RV202

DQ837408DQ837385

DQ837448DQ837383

DQ837411DQ837412

U22480U22482

DQ837443

0.01

FRY

Serbia fox

Turkey 2

Israel

Turkey 1U22629DQ 837474

U42705 SCG Cow 1981RV1185 Montenegro Cow 1978

Bulgaria fox 2002RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147

RV1162RV1151N

U42703RV1154

DQ837475RV202

DQ837408DQ837385

DQ837448DQ837383

DQ837411DQ837412

U22480U22482

DQ837443

0.010.01

FRY

Serbia fox

Turkey 2

Israel

Turkey 1

15

Serbian Fox Group

0.01

RV51 USA fox U22634

U22487 U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336 RV1420

4055DG RV303

RV277 RV61

Africa3 U22627

DQ837462 U22484

CVS Takamen

U22637 9126MEX U22651

U22629 DQ 837474

U42705 RV1185

Bulgfox02 RV1194

RV1219 RV1211

RV1153 RV1147

RV1162 RV1151N

U42703 RV1154

DQ837475 RV202

DQ837408 DQ837385

DQ837448 DQ837383

DQ837411 DQ837412

U22480 U22482

DQ837443 U43007

AY277576 AF033879 RV1334

RV259 U42 605

U42701 AF033888

RV860 U42708

U43008 RV1189

U42706 U22839 U42994

U42713 U42998

U43001 RV1197

RV1198 RV1223 RV2028

AF033881 RV1267

RV1308 RV1538

RV1222 RV1268

RV1240 RV1257

RV1251 RV1239 RV1247

RV1243 RV1188

RV905 RV1168

R V1176 RV1157

RV1161 RV1202

RV1207 RV1208

RV1209 RV1255

RV1171 RV1192

RV1266 RV1184

RV1289 RV1287

RV1196 RV1292 RV1339

RV1269 RV1234

RV1272 RV1274 RV1244 RV1230 RV1237 RV1214 RV1227

RV341 RV338

RVU22653 AB178892

Thaidog63 AB0 41968

AF374721 RV108

RV167 RV155

Serbia fox (1986, 1997)

0.01

Bulgfox02RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147 (n=9)

RV1162 catRV1151

U42703RV1154 (n=3)

77

Serbia fox (1972-1977)

NW Bulgaria fox (2002)

0.01

RV51 USA fox U22634

U22487 U22640

RV53 RAVN2756

RV1336 RV1420

4055DG RV303

RV277 RV61

Africa3 U22627

DQ837462 U22484

CVS Takamen

U22637 9126MEX U22651

U22629 DQ 837474

U42705 RV1185

Bulgfox02 RV1194

RV1219 RV1211

RV1153 RV1147

RV1162 RV1151N

U42703 RV1154

DQ837475 RV202

DQ837408 DQ837385

DQ837448 DQ837383

DQ837411 DQ837412

U22480 U22482

DQ837443 U43007

AY277576 AF033879 RV1334

RV259 U42 605

U42701 AF033888

RV860 U42708

U43008 RV1189

U42706 U22839 U42994

U42713 U42998

U43001 RV1197

RV1198 RV1223 RV2028

AF033881 RV1267

RV1308 RV1538

RV1222 RV1268

RV1240 RV1257

RV1251 RV1239 RV1247

RV1243 RV1188

RV905 RV1168

R V1176 RV1157

RV1161 RV1202

RV1207 RV1208

RV1209 RV1255

RV1171 RV1192

RV1266 RV1184

RV1289 RV1287

RV1196 RV1292 RV1339

RV1269 RV1234

RV1272 RV1274 RV1244 RV1230 RV1237 RV1214 RV1227

RV341 RV338

RVU22653 AB178892

Thaidog63 AB0 41968

AF374721 RV108

RV167 RV155

Serbia fox (1986, 1997)

0.01

Bulgfox02RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147 (n=9)

RV1162 catRV1151

U42703RV1154 (n=3)

77

Serbia fox (1972-1977)

NW Bulgaria fox (2002)

Serbia fox (1986, 1997)

0.01

Bulgfox02RV1194

RV1219RV1211

RV1153RV1147 (n=9)

RV1162 catRV1151

U42703RV1154 (n=3)

77

Serbia fox (1972-1977)

NW Bulgaria fox (2002)

100

16

Conclusions

Evidence for a number of concurrent independent rabies cycles

Supports previously published antigenic typing data (Stankov et al - mAbs)

All FRY isolates within Cosmopolitan lineage

Relationships - geographical, host species and chronological

Potential for presence intermediate viruses (fox-dog- cat)

Additional panel currently being analysed (2001-2006 isolates) – assess survival of viral variants

Future work will involve evolutionary clock analysis (Full N & G gene sequencing underway)

17

Conclusions (2)

Royal Society Travel Grants – Russian & Chinese Programmes Sharing of isolates / collaborative studies Exchange visits Targeted surveillance programmes Russian Collaborative Programmes (VLA/Dr Botvinkin & Dr Kuzmin)

publications: Kuzmin et al 2004, Botvinkin et al 2006, Mansfield et al 2006 Chinese Collaborative Programme (VLA/ Prof Tu & Dr Jiang)

Canine RABV sequences analysed Active/passive targetted bat surveillance (Prof Tu to present data)

18

Prof A. Fooks, Dr L McElhinneyD. Marston, Dr N Johnson, C Black

Dr N Tordo (France)

Prof Tu , Dr Jiang (China)

Defra grant SE0420Royal Society

Dr S Stankov (Serbia & Montenegro)

Dr T Muller (Germany)

Acknowledgements