1
FEEDING THE GROWING SPORT OR LEISURE HORSES WITH HAYS OR SILAGES BASED DIETS
Catherine TRILLAUD-GEYL (1)
W. MARTIN ROSSET (2)
(1) NATIONAL STUD(HN) –19231 ARNAC-POMPADOUR- FRANCE
(2) INRA - Centre Research of Clermont-Ferrand / Theix - 63122 ST GENES CHAMPANELLE - France
2
Content
• Introduction
1. Growth strategy
2. Winter feeding with different forage – based diets
• Conclusions
3
Content
�
Growth strategy
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GROWTH CURVE
F+C F+C F+C
Sport
Leisure
5
Variation of the requirements in growing sport horse with age
( from INRA 1990)
Requirements
Age (year)
TDMI:+ 30 – 40 percent
UFC: + 25 – 30 percent
MADC: - 40 - 45 percent
1 2 3
6
Variation of the requirements in growing sport horse with age( from INRA 1990)
• The requirements depends on:
1. Metabolic body weight( BW0.75)= maintenance
2. Average daily gain (G)= growth
3. Body composition (1.4)= fat content of G
• ENERGY = a BW0.75 + b BW0.75 ADG1.4
• PROTEIN = a BW0.75 +b ADG
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What are the preserved forage based diets that can be fed to growing horses ?
• Hays
• Silages Grasses species and grassland
• Haylages
• Maize silages (whole plant)
and what are the matters to take care :
1. the nutritive value
2. and the main factors of its variation
…………….to make relevant choice according to the age and the growth of the young horse to match the expected breeding goal : competition vs leisure
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FORAGE BASED – DIETS: comparison of the characteristics of the different forages
to be used
%DM
50
25
UFC/kg DM
0.80
0.40
g MADC/kg DM
80
40
Maize silage Prewilted silage
Very well preserved silages( INRA standards)
30
3550
0.80
30
0.70
0.75
60
80
Haylage
85
0.60 50
Hays
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Quality of preservation of silages (INRA analytical scale)
Class Volatile fatty acid acid N-NH3 soluble Nacids acetic butyric
mmole/kgDM g/kgDM g/kgDM % total N % total N
Maize Grasses
Excellent <330 <20 0 <5 <7 <50
Average 330-660 20-40 <5 10-15 10 -15 60-70
Poor 1000-1330 55-75 >5 15-20 15 -20 >65
Very poor >1330 >75 >5 >20 >20 >75
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Content
�
Winter feeding
with forage based diets
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DIETS (Trillaud-Geyl and Martin-Rosset 2005)
6
1,5
5,5
1,5
5
1
7,2
1,8
8,5
2
6,8
1,2
10
2
10,3
1,2
7,6
0,9
0
2
4
6
8
10
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Quantity of TDMI (Kg DM)
FORR
AGE
HAYL
AGE
MAI
ZESI
LAGE
FORR
AGE
HAYL
AGE
MAI
ZESI
LAGE
FORR
AGE
HAYL
AGE
MAI
ZESI
LAGE
6-12 months 18-24 months 30-36 months
MODERATE GROWTH
TDMI Concentrate DM
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DIETS AND RELATED GROWTH(Trillaud-Geyl and Martin-Rosset 2005)
Average daily gain: moderate growth
Hay Haylage Maize silage
1 year 400 500 680
2 years 200 390 310
3 years 20 50 280
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DIETS (Trillaud-Geyl and Martin-Rosset 2005)
5
3
4,5
2,5
4,8
1,7
7
3
8,8
2,2
7,6
1,4
9
3
10,2
1,8
8,9
1,6
02468
1012
Quantity of TDMI (Kg DM)
FOR
RA
GE
HA
YLA
GE
MA
IZE
SIL
AG
EFO
RR
AG
E
HA
YLA
GE
MA
IZE
SIL
AG
EFO
RR
AG
E
HA
YLA
GE
MA
IZE
SIL
AG
E
6-12months
18-24months
30-36months
OPTIMAL GROWTH
TDMI Concentrate DM
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DIETS AND RELATED GROWTH(Trillaud-Geyl and Martin-Rosset 2005)
Average daily gain: optimal growth
Hay Haylage Maize silage
1 year 580 750 840
2 years 365 480 570
3 years 50 260 450
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DIETS AND RELATED GROWTH
Total Dry Mater Intake varies with :
• Characteristics of different types of forages:
– Nature
– Nutritive Value
– Chemical composition
– Quality of preservation
– = ingestibility ranges from 1.9 to 2.4 kg DM / 100 kg BW
• Characteristics of animals : age and Body Weight
= intake capacity ranges from 1.7 to 2.5 Kg DM / 100kg BW
• Proportion of concentrate in the diet
- Type of forages: % for hay >for haylage > for maize silage
- Age of animals: % for 1 year > 2 years > 3 years old
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PROPORTION OF CONCENTRATE IN THE DIET: SUBSTITUTION RATE
• Forage intake is depending on the proportion of concentrate in the diet (when the forage is offered ad libitum)
• Intake of forage decreases as far as intake of concentrate increases = Substitution Rate
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PROPORTION OF CONCENTRATE IN THE DIET: SUBSTITUTION RATE
• SUBSTITUTION RATE (SR)
=SR is the ratio between the decrease in forage intake in respect of each one additional Kg of concentrate in the diet:
Depends on:
- Nature of forage
- Level of Concentrate in the Diet
SR = N kg DMI Forage/kg DMI Concentrate
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CONDITION PRATIQUE D’UTILISATION DES FOURRAGES
PROPORTION OF CONCENTRATE IN THE DIET: SUBSTITUTION RATE( INRA 1990)
SR=1.3
*SR = Substitution Rate Forage/concentrate
SR=0.8
Total Total
Hay Maize Silage
Amount of Concentrate : g / kg BW
Dry Mater Intake: g/ kg BW Dry Mater Intake: g /kg BW
HAY DIET MAIZE SILAGE DIET
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCENTRATE
• Concentrate may be composed of a mixture of :
– Grains (Barley, Corn, Oat, Maize…
– Cakes, peas, Faba bean, Lupine seed
– Dehydrated alfalfa
– Minerals and Vitamins Supplement
• Percentage of protein sources is as much high as diet is composed of:
– Maize silage based diets
– Young animals (6-12months)
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CONCLUSIONS 1 - 2
• Hays (85%DM) and prewilted silages (DM>30%)
– Well adapted to meet moderate nutritional requirements (moderate growth….)
• Haylage (DM ≥50-60%)
– Better to match high nutritional requirements (optimal growth…)
• Maize silage (DM>30%)
– Very well adapted to match optimal, even maximum performances using a concentrate with high protein source and Mineral Vitamin Supplement (see tables INRA 1990)
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CONCLUSIONS 1 - 2
For all the silage based diets:
� Chemical composition and preservation characteristics must be carried out to check quality of preservation and the nutritive value;
� Adaptation period
should be absolutely implemented according to age of animals:
� 3 - 4 weeks for weanings
� 2 – 3 weeks for yearlings and long yearlings
