1 NCM-230 3046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. How would you prepare...

1NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

How would you prepare for the technology

you need


Agenda

• Introduction

• IPv6 Integration and co-existence

Dual Stack

Tunnel

IPv6-only to IPv4-only


A need for IPv6?

• IETF IPv6 WorkGroup began in early 90s, to solve addressing growth issues, but

CIDR, NAT,… were developed

• IPv4 32 bits address = 4 billion hosts

~40% of the IPv4 address space is still unused

BUT

• IP is everywhere

Data, Voice, Audio and Video integration is a Reality

Regional Registries apply a strict allocation control

Addressing scheme is not optimum as for any


Explosion of New Internet Appliances


Coming Back to an End-to-End Architecture

GlobalAddressing

Realm

New Technologies/Applications for Home Users‘Always-on’—Cable, DSL, Ethernet@home, Wireless,…

New Technologies/Applications for Home Users‘Always-on’—Cable, DSL, Ethernet@home, Wireless,…

• Internet started with End to End connectivity for any applications• Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connecting disparate networks•Always-on Devices Need Always-on Devices Need an Address When You an Address When You Call ThemCall Them, eg.- Mobile Phones- Gaming- Residential Voiceover IP gateway


Deployment of the Production IPv6 Internet

In order to build the production IPv6 Internet, IPv6 address space must be available

The 6Bone uses test addresses

Regional registries are giving IPv6 “production” prefixes to ISPs based on a common policy


IPv6 Address Registries

As in IPv4, the address space is managed by the regional registries:

Asia Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC)

American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)

Réseaux IP Européens—Network Coordination Center (RIPE-NCC)

Registries are based on geographical location.


IPv6 Address Allocation Policy

• The registries have an allocation policy:

It is identical, but prices and management can be different

It was reviewed by IETF and by a public consultation process

Addresses are only given to ISPs, not to enterprises

Address allocation started on July 1999

Policy can change over time


Address Allocation

•The allocation process is:

IANA allocates 2001::/16 to registries

Each registry gets a /23 prefix from IANA

Registry allocates a /35 prefix to a new IPv6 ISP

ISP allocates a /48 prefix to each customer

2001 0410

ISP prefix

Site prefix

LAN prefix

/35 /48 /64

Registry

/23


IPv6 Integration and co-existence


Integration and co-existence

• Integration and co-existence with IPv4 is a prerequisite to enable the smooth transition to IPv6.

• The various strategies such as dual-stack, overlay tunnels and translation techniques.


• Key to successful adoption/production deployment

• Goal—facilitate partial/incremental upgrades

Hosts, servers, DNS, routers

• Two approaches

Hosts

Network

IPv6 Transition Strategy


Strategies

• For end systems, there is:

Dual stack

• For network Integration, there is:

Tunnels

IPv6-only to IPv4-only


DriverDriver

IPv4 IPv6IPv4 IPv6

Application

Tcp/UdpTcp/Udp• Hosts—dual stack

(IPv6 API defined)

• Networks—tunneling

More Efficient than Building New IPv6 Topology

IPv6 Transition Strategy—Approaches

DataTransport Layer

Header IPv6 Header

DataTransport Layer

Header IPv6 Header IPv4 Header


Dual Stack

TCP UDP

•Dual stack node means:

Both IPv4 and IPv6 stacks enabled

Applications can talk to both

Choice of the IP version is based on name lookup and application preference

IPv4 IPv6

"Old" Application

Data Link (Ethernet)

0x0800 0x86dd

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

"New" Application

Data Link (Ethernet)

0x0800 0x86dd Frame protocol ID


Dual Stack (cont.)

•Without IPv6, an application that:

Is not aware of IPv6

Or is forcing the use of IPv4

Asks the DNS for IPv4 address

And connects to the IPv4 address

DNS server

IPv4

IPv6

www.a.com = A ?

10.1.1.110.1.1.1


•In an IPv6-only case, an application that:

Is only IPv6-enabled or IPv6 is the only stack

Or is forcing the use of IPv6

Asks the DNS for IPv6 address

Connects to the IPv6 address

3ffe:b00::1DNS

server

IPv4

IPv6

www.a.com = A6 ?

3ffe:b00::1

Dual Stack (cont.)


3ffe:b00::110.1.1.1

•In a dual stack case, an application that:

Is IPv4 and IPv6-enabled

Asks the DNS for all types of addresses

Chooses one address and, for example, connects to the IPv6 address

DNS server

IPv4

IPv6

www.a.com = * ?

3ffe:b00::1

Dual Stack (cont.)


• Configured tunnels—manual point-2-point links

• Automatic tunnels—via IPv4 compatible IPv6 addresses

(96 bits of zeros prefix—0:0:0:0:0:0/96)

IPv6 Tunneling

IPv6 IPv6 IPv6

IPv4 Backbone

IPv6IPv6IPv4IPv4

DriverDriver

IPv6IPv6IPv4IPv4

DriverDriver


Overlay Tunnels

•Tunneling is encapsulating the IPv6 packet in the IPv4 packet.

IPv4IPv6 network

IPv6 network

Tunnel: IPv6 in IPv4 packet

IPv6 host

Dual-stack router

IPv4 header IPv6 header IPv6 data

IPv6 header IPv6 data

Dual-stack router

IPv6 host



Overlay Tunnels (cont.)

• Tunneling can be used by routers and hosts.

IPv4 IPv6 network

Tunnel: IPv6 in IPv4 packet

Dual-stack router

IPv4 header IPv6 header IPv6 data

IPv6 host


Dual-stackhost


6to4

•6to4:

Is an automatic tunnel method

Gives a prefix to the attached IPv6 network

IPv4IPv6 network

IPv6 network

6to4 router

192.168.99.1Network prefix:2002:c0a8:6301::/48

=

6to4 router

192.168.30.1

=

Network prefix:2002:c0a8:1e01::/48


6to4 (cont.)

IPv6

Type: native IPv6 Dst: 2002:c0a8:1e01::1

Type: IPv6 in IPv4 Dst: 192.168.30.1

IPv4 IPv6

IPv4IPv6 network

IPv6 network

6to4 router 6to4 router

2002:c0a8:1e01::1

192.168.30.1

IPv6

24NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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