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NOT FOR NOT FOR ATTRIBUTION; ATTRIBUTION;

FOR DISCUSSION FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLYPURPOSES ONLY

Case Studies on Good Case Studies on Good Environmental Management: Environmental Management:

A Contribution to WB CEAA Contribution to WB CEA

by Elmer Mercado,EnPby Elmer Mercado,EnP18-19 November 200818-19 November 2008

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Case Study Sites and ThemesCase Study Sites and Themes• Vigan City, Ilocos SurVigan City, Ilocos Sur – Air Quality – Air Quality

Management (motorcycle engine conversion)Management (motorcycle engine conversion)• Infanta, Quezon ProvinceInfanta, Quezon Province – Community – Community

Disaster Management, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Rehabilitation and RecoveryRecovery

• Ubay, BoholUbay, Bohol – Coastal Resource – Coastal Resource Management and EnforcementManagement and Enforcement

• Bayawan City, Negros OrientalBayawan City, Negros Oriental – – Sustainable Forest ManagementSustainable Forest Management

• Nabunturan, Compostela ValleyNabunturan, Compostela Valley – Upland – Upland Rehabilitation and ManagementRehabilitation and Management

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Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for Cultural Historical Preservation (1)Cultural Historical Preservation (1)

OverviewOverview• UNESCO World Heritage UNESCO World Heritage

SiteSite• city vision to sustain cultural city vision to sustain cultural

and historical legacy and historical legacy (physical, social, economic, (physical, social, economic, cultural, and environmental)cultural, and environmental)

• 3,000 tricycles-for-hire 3,000 tricycles-for-hire • air and noise pollution from air and noise pollution from

2-stroke engine and other 2-stroke engine and other vehiclesvehicles

• core heritage zone and core heritage zone and traditional industry areas – traditional industry areas – ‘burnayan’ and ‘agricultural ‘burnayan’ and ‘agricultural areas’areas’

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Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for Cultural Historical Preservation (2)Cultural Historical Preservation (2)

Local InitiativesLocal Initiatives• strong local ordinance – anti-muffler (2003) strong local ordinance – anti-muffler (2003)

and phased implementation of engine and phased implementation of engine conversion (2006)conversion (2006)

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Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for Cultural Historical Preservation (3)Cultural Historical Preservation (3)

Complementary InitiativesComplementary Initiatives::• urban regreening and establishment urban regreening and establishment

passive air quality filters/zonespassive air quality filters/zones• pedestrianisation of “core heritage zone” pedestrianisation of “core heritage zone”

and restrictions to vehicular movements in and restrictions to vehicular movements in cultural zone during weekendscultural zone during weekends

• strong enforcement of environmental strong enforcement of environmental ordinances, hiring of environmental guards ordinances, hiring of environmental guards and deputation of senior citizens, youth and deputation of senior citizens, youth and city hall employees as “environmental and city hall employees as “environmental guardians and/or officers’’guardians and/or officers’’

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Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for Cultural Historical Preservation (4)Cultural Historical Preservation (4)

Results:Results:• ““significant reduction” in air pollution in significant reduction” in air pollution in

poblacion areapoblacion area• 2/3 compliance within 18 months of 2/3 compliance within 18 months of

implementation; full compliance Dec 2009implementation; full compliance Dec 2009• regional and national recognition/ awardsregional and national recognition/ awards

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Infanta, Quezon – Community-based Infanta, Quezon – Community-based Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (1)Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (1)

OverviewOverview• Infanta ‘wiped out’ and inundated from 4 typhoons Infanta ‘wiped out’ and inundated from 4 typhoons

in 2 week period in Nov-Dec 2004in 2 week period in Nov-Dec 2004• Typhoon ‘Winnie’ poured 342mm of rainwater in Typhoon ‘Winnie’ poured 342mm of rainwater in

24hrs - most in 50yrs24hrs - most in 50yrs

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Infanta, Quezon – Community-based Infanta, Quezon – Community-based Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (2)Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (2)

EffectsEffects::• 176 casualties with (12 were recovered dead 176 casualties with (12 were recovered dead

bodies, 53 missing persons) 12,000 bodies, 53 missing persons) 12,000 households/families were left isolated households/families were left isolated

• 16/36 barangays were severely damaged.16/36 barangays were severely damaged.• Almost 40% out of the 5,087 houses damage were Almost 40% out of the 5,087 houses damage were

totally damaged totally damaged • Estimated PhP 103.3 million or US$ 2.29 million Estimated PhP 103.3 million or US$ 2.29 million

(at US$1=PhP45) worth of crops, livestock, (at US$1=PhP45) worth of crops, livestock, fisheries/aquaculture products;fisheries/aquaculture products;

• PhP 300 million or US$6.67 million of public PhP 300 million or US$6.67 million of public infrastructures and utilities/facilities were infrastructures and utilities/facilities were destroyed destroyed

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Infanta, Quezon – Community-based Infanta, Quezon – Community-based Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (3)Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (3)

Local initiativesLocal initiatives• ““Predict, Plan, Prepare Predict, Plan, Prepare

and Practice “ – 4 P’s, and Practice “ – 4 P’s, YoYoYoYo

• Mobilising the citizenry Mobilising the citizenry because disaster because disaster management is management is “everybody’s concern” - “everybody’s concern” - MDCCs, SCARRFC, MDCCs, SCARRFC, SCPADS, etcSCPADS, etc

• YoYo (“you are on your YoYo (“you are on your own”) – 24hr own”) – 24hr emergency response emergency response programmeprogramme

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Infanta, Quezon – Community-based Infanta, Quezon – Community-based Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (4)Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (4)

Results and BenefitsResults and Benefits Increases in local revenue collections PhP 7.939 million or Increases in local revenue collections PhP 7.939 million or

US$ 176,422 (2004) to PhP 9.543 million or US$ 212,066 US$ 176,422 (2004) to PhP 9.543 million or US$ 212,066 (2006). (2006).

local tax collection (2006)= 41.19% (2005); local tax collection (2006)= 41.19% (2005); > > ((2004)2004)

non-tax collection (2006)= 56% collection (2005); 30% non-tax collection (2006)= 56% collection (2005); 30% (2004)(2004)• These tax-based revenue collections were generated mostly These tax-based revenue collections were generated mostly

from real property taxes, business and sales taxes, and from real property taxes, business and sales taxes, and other local taxes while non-tax revenue includes local other local taxes while non-tax revenue includes local business and service fees, permits and licenses. business and service fees, permits and licenses.

IRA dependence IRA dependence

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Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and Fishery Resource Management (1)Fishery Resource Management (1)

OverviewOverview• overfishing in coastal waters; located in most overfishing in coastal waters; located in most

concentrated fishing area (northern Bohol) in Boholconcentrated fishing area (northern Bohol) in Bohol• part of Danajon double barrier reef;part of Danajon double barrier reef;• almost half of barangays/population in coastal areas; almost half of barangays/population in coastal areas;

70% of population fishing as livelihood;70% of population fishing as livelihood;• illegal and destructive methods, low fish catch, high illegal and destructive methods, low fish catch, high

poverty incidencepoverty incidence

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Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and Fishery Resource Management (2)Fishery Resource Management (2)

Local InitiativesLocal Initiatives• Recruitment of capable personnel, regular budgetary support Recruitment of capable personnel, regular budgetary support

and establishment of a strong implementing structure and establishment of a strong implementing structure • creation of coastal resource management office, coastal protection creation of coastal resource management office, coastal protection

and enforcement unit (CPEU)and enforcement unit (CPEU)

• Establishing close coordination from within and with other Establishing close coordination from within and with other LGUs and agencies.LGUs and agencies.• inter-LGU coordination, formation of provincial CLECinter-LGU coordination, formation of provincial CLEC

• Participatory fishery governance at the municipal and barangay Participatory fishery governance at the municipal and barangay Level Level • barangay/municipal FARMCsbarangay/municipal FARMCs

• Local legislative policy framework and strong enforcementLocal legislative policy framework and strong enforcement• no take areas, Municipal ICRM Plan; deputation of bantay dagat no take areas, Municipal ICRM Plan; deputation of bantay dagat

and fish wardens in all 19 coastal barangaysand fish wardens in all 19 coastal barangays

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Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and Fishery Resource Management (3)Fishery Resource Management (3)

Results:Results:• PhP 2 million (inputs) = Php 10million (fisheries PhP 2 million (inputs) = Php 10million (fisheries

income); PhP 50-90million in over-all economic income); PhP 50-90million in over-all economic valuevalue

in monitored fish catch by manual gears andin monitored fish catch by manual gears and illegal and active gearsillegal and active gears

in fish biomass (6-8%) of pelagic fishes in 3 in fish biomass (6-8%) of pelagic fishes in 3 MPAsMPAs

in arrests of illegal fishers and in arrests of illegal fishers and in collection in collection of fines and fees (2007) by 180%.of fines and fees (2007) by 180%.

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Bayawan City, Negros Oriental: Bayawan City, Negros Oriental: Sustainable Forest Management (1)Sustainable Forest Management (1)

OverviewOverview• perennial flashfloods and inundation of vast perennial flashfloods and inundation of vast

agricultural lands – 67% of total land area of agricultural lands – 67% of total land area of 70,000 hectares (largest in whole of Region 7);70,000 hectares (largest in whole of Region 7);

• 20,245 hectares forestlands, 70% “open 20,245 hectares forestlands, 70% “open access”access”

• low revenue collection rate for agriculture; low revenue collection rate for agriculture; merely half of PhP 15 million in RPT collectedmerely half of PhP 15 million in RPT collected

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Bayawan City, Negros Oriental: Bayawan City, Negros Oriental: Sustainable Forest Management (2)Sustainable Forest Management (2)

InitiativesInitiatives• Forest Land Use Plan; co-management arrangement Forest Land Use Plan; co-management arrangement

with DENRwith DENR• Establishment of regular FMU; FLUP implementation Establishment of regular FMU; FLUP implementation

committee headed by Vice Mayorcommittee headed by Vice Mayor• 100% budget allocation for FLUP implementation100% budget allocation for FLUP implementation• LGU issuance of tenurial instruments for forestland LGU issuance of tenurial instruments for forestland

occupants, i.e. agroforestry management agreementoccupants, i.e. agroforestry management agreement• Link of FLUP with other LGU plans, i.e. CLUP, SWP, Link of FLUP with other LGU plans, i.e. CLUP, SWP,

CRMP, Climate change mitigation plan CRMP, Climate change mitigation plan

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Bayawan City, Negros Oriental: Bayawan City, Negros Oriental: Sustainable Forest Management (3)Sustainable Forest Management (3) ResultsResults

• No immediate economic results yet (long-gestating) No immediate economic results yet (long-gestating) only 3-years implementationonly 3-years implementation

• Reduction in occurrence of flooding; shorter period of Reduction in occurrence of flooding; shorter period of flood water recedenceflood water recedence

• 500 HH actual beneficiaries; 2k families by end of 500 HH actual beneficiaries; 2k families by end of FLUP in 2010FLUP in 2010

• 134 km riverbank protection, 220 km forestline 134 km riverbank protection, 220 km forestline delineated, 14 km forest firelines delineated, 14 km forest firelines established/maintainedestablished/maintained

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Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land Rehabilitation and Development (1)Rehabilitation and Development (1)

OverviewOverview• land degradation of upland areas (18/28 barangays); land degradation of upland areas (18/28 barangays);

poor productivity and high poverty incidence among poor productivity and high poverty incidence among rural upland dwellers (PhP 13.8/annum), including rural upland dwellers (PhP 13.8/annum), including IPs;IPs;

• 70% of total land area is agricultural; 20% are 70% of total land area is agricultural; 20% are uplands (30% slope+); 80% of population dependent uplands (30% slope+); 80% of population dependent on agriculture;on agriculture;

• continuing insurgencycontinuing insurgency• lack of tenure security; high incidence of flooding and lack of tenure security; high incidence of flooding and

landslides due to deforestaton, siltation and effects of landslides due to deforestaton, siltation and effects of mining operationsmining operations

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Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land Rehabilitation and Development (2)Rehabilitation and Development (2)

InitiativesInitiatives• land use based BDP; land use based BDP;

community-based support community-based support structures; barangay forest structures; barangay forest protection and livelihood protection and livelihood enterprisesenterprises

• inter-agency and intra-LGU inter-agency and intra-LGU convergence teamconvergence team

• budget support from municipal budget support from municipal and provincial LGUsand provincial LGUs

• strong local and community strong local and community policy frameworkpolicy framework

• deputation of barangay deputation of barangay environment and natural environment and natural resources officers (BENROs)resources officers (BENROs)

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Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land Rehabilitation and Development (3)Rehabilitation and Development (3)

ResultsResults• 60-80% increase in yields for all crops planted in SUD 60-80% increase in yields for all crops planted in SUD

barangays; 30% reduction in farm production costsbarangays; 30% reduction in farm production costs• increase revenue collections (in real property taxes) in increase revenue collections (in real property taxes) in

SUD barangays; 100% by 2007SUD barangays; 100% by 2007• 453 HH beneficiaries in 6 SUD barangays453 HH beneficiaries in 6 SUD barangays• triggered more external investments from other triggered more external investments from other

agenciesagencies• dynamic local governance systemdynamic local governance system

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Success FactorsSuccess Factors

• Strong political and development-Strong political and development-oriented leadership oriented leadership

• Community participation and Community participation and partnership partnership

• Building strong implementation structure Building strong implementation structure and networks of organisations and networks of organisations

• Need for sound science and research Need for sound science and research for good environmental management for good environmental management practice practice

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Lessons LearnedLessons Learned• Environmental management is a long-Environmental management is a long-

term investment for future economic term investment for future economic growth and productivitygrowth and productivity

• Environmental management has to be Environmental management has to be linked to other local development plans linked to other local development plans and goalsand goals

• Environmental management is a vehicle Environmental management is a vehicle for good local governancefor good local governance

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Mabuhay!Mabuhay!