11

Overview of the MINEROverview of the MINERA A ExperimentExperiment

Vittorio Paolone(representing the MINERVittorio Paolone(representing the MINERA Collaboration)A Collaboration)University of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh

MotivationMotivation MINERMINERA DetectorA Detector MINERMINERA Physics Overview A Physics Overview MINERMINERA and OscillationsA and Oscillations MINERMINERA Status and ConclusionsA Status and Conclusions

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 22

MotivationMotivationOscillation Measurements:We have entered a period of precisionneutrino oscillation measurements … Need Precision understanding ofLow energy (Few GeV) neutrinoCross sections.

Cross sections interesting in their own right: Determination of Axial Form Factor Duality with Neutrinos Nuclear Effects Coherent Pion Production

See Bob Bradford’s Talk!

From Talk given by Alfons Weber(MINOS)@Neutrino Factory Scoping Study, RAL April 2006

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 33

Motivation Cont…Motivation Cont…Oscillation Measurements:-For NUMI/MINOS, Beamline expected distortion in energy distribution occursFor E < 3 GeV-Recall oscillation probability depends on E … However ExperimentsMeasure Evis

-Evis depends on Flux, , and detector response Interaction multiplicities AND particle type produced

Complications:-Near/Far fluxes are different -> Cross Section does not cancel in the ratio- Low Energy(few GeV) cross sections not well understood - Little data exists: Bubble Chamber -> low statistics and large systematics - Need large A (i.e. Fe) data - Therefore must use untested models to incorporate nuclear effects

“Solution”: MINERA - Put fine grained detector in high rate neutrino beam - NUMI Beamline

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 44

MINERMINERA CollaborationA Collaboration

University of Athens, University of Dortmund, University of Minnesota –Duluth, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Hampton University, Illinois Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Research – Moscow, University of California – Irvine, Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory, James Madison University, Northwestern University, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, University of Pittsburgh, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey Tufts University, Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria – Peru, University of Rochester, College of William & Mary, St. Xavier University

(HEP Nuclear Theory)

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 55

MINERMINERA DetectorA Detector

Front View

SideView

(Length is

about 4 m).

Active Target Mass - 8.3 ton total

(MINOS ND)

Inner Detector Hexagon – X, U, V planes for stereo view

Outer Detector

(OD) Layers of iron/scintillator for hadron calorimetry:

6 Towers

Lead Sheets for EM calorimetry

MINERA

Side View

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 66

MINERMINERA Detector Cont.A Detector Cont.

Inner detector is totallyactive scintillator stripdetector. Alternating planes rotated by 60 degrees to make 3 views (XUXV)

Active elements are triangularbars of extruded scintillator withembedded 1.2 mm WLS fibers

Readout by Hamamatsu M64 +

FE Readout Based on existing TriP ASIC and LVDS chain:

ADC (triple range) plus few ns resolution timing

Prototype Board

Detector Channel Count:31,000 channels

•80% in inner hexagon•20% in Outer detector

503 M-64 PMTs (64 channels)128 pieces of scintillator

per Inner Detector plane

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 77

MINERMINERA Performance & CostA Performance & Cost1.7 3.3 cm2 strips : Wave Length Shifting (WLS) fiber readout in center hole For the Inner Detector, scintillator is assembled into 128 strip scintillator planes:

~3 mm in transverse direction from light sharing

Charged particle

Estimated Cost:

<PE>~14

Coordinate residual for

different strip

widths

4cm width

3cm width

Light Output(per layer):

~$15M

It’s a Bargain!

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 88

MINERMINERA Physics Overview:A Physics Overview:Low Energy Neutrino ScatteringLow Energy Neutrino Scattering

We will be making precisionmeasurements of lowenergy neutrino crosssections:

Contributions to total cross section: TOT = QE+RES+DIS

QE: Quasi-elastic ->

RES: Resonance ->

DIS: Deep Inelastic Scattering ->

: Inelastic, Low-multiplicity final states

: Inelastic, High-multiplicity final states

1 10 (GeV)

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 99

Some MINERSome MINERA EventsA Events

p

Quasielastic event

n p

Neutral Current 0

A

Resonance production

p ++ - p +

p

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 1010

Present State of Neutrino-Nucleon Cross Present State of Neutrino-Nucleon Cross section Measurementssection Measurements

NuMI fluxrange: 1 to 20 GeV

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 1111

MINERMINERA Event Rates:A Event Rates:Assumes 16.0x1020 in LE, ME, and sHE NuMI beam configurations

over 4 years

Fiducial Volume:~3 tons CH, ~0.6 t C, ~0.5t Fe and ~0.5t Pb

Expected CC event samples:8.6 M events in CH1.4 M events in C1.4 M events in Fe 1.4 M events in Pb

Main CC Physics Topics (StatisticsMain CC Physics Topics (Statistics in CH)in CH)

Quasi-elasticQuasi-elastic 0.8 M events 0.8 M events Resonance ProductionResonance Production 1.6 M total1.6 M total Transition: Resonance to DISTransition: Resonance to DIS 2 M events2 M events DIS, Structure Funcs. and high-x PDFsDIS, Structure Funcs. and high-x PDFs 4.1 M DIS events4.1 M DIS events Coherent Pion ProductionCoherent Pion Production 85 K CC / 37 K NC85 K CC / 37 K NC Strange and Charm Particle ProductionStrange and Charm Particle Production > 230 K fully reconstructed> 230 K fully reconstructed

NUMI Beams

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 1212

MINERMINERA and OscillationsA and OscillationsExample: Nuclear Effects on MINOSExample: Nuclear Effects on MINOS

Final State Interactions:-Intranuclear rescattering - Energy loss and/or absorption - Change in direction

MINERA will perform measurements with high-A targets and high-statistics

MINOS Iron Calorimeter - Nuclear effects among the largest systematics

Changes measured visible energy Spectrum: Translate to shift in Far/Near‘dip’ location -> m2

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 1313

Example: MINERExample: MINERA and OscillationsA and OscillationsInternuclear rescattering effects:Internuclear rescattering effects:

Before MINERA stat ~ syst ( rescattering only)

After MINERA: stat >> syst ( rescattering only)

•Effect of this reduction on this systematic error increases “effective” POT by ~40% • Savings on running the MI ~ $60M!

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 1414

MINERMINERA and Oscillations: NOA and Oscillations: NOAAOff axis e appearance experiment: A significant Issue ->Backgrounds to e signal:

Examples: NC: o's in shower -CC: High y + o in shower

Beam e

• Also note near and far detector event samples will be dramatically different due to muon neutrino oscillations. - Therefore uncertainties in background and signal cross sections do not cancel completely between near and far detectors.

• A quantitative NOA study will take sometime to complete. ..(still trying to understand how different the near detector event samples will be from the far detector event samples with the totally active scintillator design)

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 1515

MINERMINERA Status and ScheduleA Status and Schedule

FNAL PAC Approval for MINERA: April 15th 2004

Tests of detector elements and readout scheme – No show stoppers

FNAL committed to MINERA:– Construction $$ in Oct. 2007 – Sept. 2008

– But FNAL budget is tight …

– MINERvA has a high profile as only major accelerator experiment

to start at lab before NOA

If all goes well we should start taking data in 2009 ...

5/31/065/31/06 V. Paolone/UPittV. Paolone/UPitt 1616

ConclusionsConclusions

MINERA will precisely study neutrino interactions at 1-20 GeV: - Using a fine-grained, high-resolution, detector - Using the high flux NuMI beam.

MINERA will improve our knowledge of: - Neutrino cross sections at low energy, Low Q2. - A-Dependence in neutrino interactions (three targets C, Fe, Pb)

These data will be interesting in there own right and will be important to minimize systematics errors in oscillation experiments.

Turn on in 2009 ...