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1
Perceptual Set
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. What you see in
the center picture is influenced by flanking pictures.
From
Shepard, 1990.
ONLY THE LEFT SIDE OF THE ROOM SHOULD LOOK AT THE
NEXT SLIDE…
READY?
STUDY THIS
COSTUME PARTY POSTER
ONLY THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE ROOM SHOULD LOOK AT
THE NEXT SLIDE…
READY?
STUDY THIS
POSTER FOR A TRAINED SEAL ACT
In the picture was there:
1. An automobile
2. A man
3. A woman
4. A child
5. An animal
6. A whip
7. A sword
8. A man’s hat
9. A ball
10. A fish
Perceptual (set) Habit:
Past experience helps us “fill the rest in”
XXX XARMER PLOWED THE FIXXX
XXX XRACTOR WAS IN THE BXXX
Fascinating fairytales of faraway lands are the fertilizer for the fructification of the creative minds of the future.
Only the Left Side Look
Only the right side look
LEFT SIDE OF ROOM: UNSCRAMBLE THESE LETTERS
CDKU
GPI
YKMNEO
AEP
RIGHT SIDE OF ROOM: UNSCRAMBLE THESE LETTERS
ROCN
ROCRAT
NBAE
AEP
ROCN
ROCRAT
NBAE
AEP
CDKU
GPI
YKMNEO
18
(a) Loch ness monster or a tree trunk; (b) Flying
saucers or clouds?
Perceptual Set
Other examples of perceptual set.
Frank Searle, photo Adam
s/ Corbis-Sygm
a
Dick R
uhl
Gestalt
• Max Wertheimer
• The Whole is more than the sum of its parts.
• The “Law of Prägnanz”– (simplicity)
Form Perception• Figure-Ground• Ambiguous Figure
Can you Find the Hidden Tiger
Perceptual Grouping
• Proximity• Similarity• Continuity• Connectedness• Closure
Proximity
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Connectedness
Closure
Depth Perception
• Monocular Cues – Depth cues that can be seen using only one eye– Relative Size– Overlap/Interposition– Aerial Perspective– Texture Gradient– Linear Perspective– Motion Parallax
Relative Size
Overlap/Interposition
Aerial Perspective
Texture Gradient
Linear Perspective
Motion Parallax
Perception of Motion
• Induced Motion (Karl Duncker)– Imagine sitting in a train and the there is a train
next to yours. When the other train moves, at first it might feel that your train is moving backwards.
• Stroboscopic Motion– Cartoon
Phi Phenomenon
Perceptual Constancy• Size – The ability to retain size no
matter where it is located.– Things get smaller with more
distance despite its change on the retina!
• Color – Decide color, visual network
works on its own.– Increases or decreases
• Shape / Brightness– fixed even if retina’s image
changes – Rods/ cones compensate
• Space – Self vs. object motion
• Hold things steady, in order to maintain control, to make sense out of environment.
• Influenced by experience.
Depth Perception (Binocular Depth Cues)
• Binocular (retinal) disparity– Images from your 2 eyes differ
This is the one where you use a tube to make it seem that there is a hole in your hand.
You look at something 15 feet away while looking through the tube. Then bring you other hand up in front of your other eye not looking through the tube.
47
Binocular CuesConvergence: Neuromuscular cues. When two eyes move inward (towards the nose)
to see near objects and outward (away from the nose) to see faraway objects.
Sensory Interaction
• Senses work together– Vision and vestibular sense• When our sense of vision and our vestibular sense do
not match up = Sickness
– Taste and Smell– Hand/Eye Coordination– Vision and proprioceptors
49
Perceptual Adaptation
Visual ability to adjust to an
artificially displaced visual field, e.g., prism glasses.
Courtesy of H
ubert Dolezal
STROOP EFFECT
EASY DIRECTIONS:
REPORT THE COLOR OF EACH ITEM.
DO NOT SAY THE WORD.